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Fourier Transforms PDF

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Fourier Transforms PDF

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2.1, INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS: ‘The integral transform of a function fx) is defined by the equation tis = fs) = ff AD Kis. sds, where Kis») i kaowa fonction of and x called the kernel ofthe transform; is called iy parameter of the transform and fx) is called the inverse transform of ‘Some of the well-known transforms are given below: {i) Laplace Transform. When Kis, x)= e%, we have the Laplace transform of fx) ‘Thus Lyte fis) = [ fdewde (ii) Fourier Transform. When Kis, x) =e, we have the Fourier transform of fx). Thuy nove [7 pevende (ii) Hankel Transform. When Kis, x)= J, (se), we have the Hankel transform of ft) ‘Thus H,)= fF ford, te de where J, (sx) is the Bessel function of the first kind and order. ie) Mellin Transform. When Kis, x) =x", we have the Mellin transform of fx). That Mo)= [[ Axvartde () Fourier Sine Transform. When K(s, x) = sin sx, we have the Fourier sine trant form of fz). Thus R)= ff fesin sr a (vi) Fourier Cosine Transform. When K(s, x) = cos sx, we have the Fourier cxsitt transform of fix), Thus B= [ An eoserde saaWe,have already diseussod Laplace transform and its applications to the solution d ‘ordinary differential equations. Inthe present chapter, we shall discuss the Fourier into 50 scan Teo and Fourier transforms which 2 engineering ¢g. conduction of hee (recat i saving indary sehnare hells protons mate OM arg in ‘cent pmoceg tg eFe ; mesa kcnan Honce tone Fa teaming bition a aren nna pe uch case, the Fourier series becamien a Fourier inteyra) natal Period is made i oar totam which aman tae ea When be apa i ca ‘The effect of applying an integral 2.2. FOURIER INTEGRAL THEOREM Statement. if (@ fs) satisfies Dirichter's conditions in every interval (~c ) however (©, eb however large. GJ 1 fe) | eeconverges; ite then fda T] [ Aocoie 2 dean The integral on the right hond side is called Fourier Integral off) Proof, Consider a function fix} satisfying Dirichlet's rs cao gah, Consider a fanetin fx) satisfying Diichler's endton i every interval f= 65 (Coemoh nt) it a and 6, 1 woereaes 2 Aides 2f Aven Satta there foc, and ah wep R= 2f rnaretd fF s ee ewe assume that the intogral J” | #3) | de convenges, sin[2 fra] PUMA. /ATEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING MATHEMAT — FQURIER TRANSFORMS 2 2 age wm Multiplying (@) by i and adding to (7, we, ce awomew Rea menee | aR” ER eatin a fai LIL percents e sites ed sehen Furs ein A pit of cent ay ae integral on the right is LLL tne eaeane | fey dedi c+ 0 +f -00) 3 which is known as the complex form of Fourier intogral. [AND COSINE INTEGRALS 2.3. FOURIER SINE Didi ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES: We kaow that endif x) one ites he +88 Fourier integral of fx ean be writen $2 Beample 1 Express the function six) [) foe || = pore {cos cos bx + sin 4 sin x} dt dh i at Se ad z sas a Fourier integral, Hence evaluate [MM AOON? gy (MLD.U. May 2008) ef omate f mvennarcns 2] sini [7 fesindedid ol sat. rye Fourier ategra a i ivan Jon, tens 2s odd while fl) sn 2 is even. Thus the fit ae sagdtnanes LCL, nveonit—naean (ane Tana | -iff 1, ~1 > = . . Gee ase — ia Seaoa ‘sin mA sin xh Zein, when OSS" a [ange [ieer. re ose Fetes, ifx>0, Keax, if Ixl ome fit) osstd ds Denoting the valve of the inner integral by Fs), we have 2 fee 21" Ra) oos ards (8) where Ax) co sx dx w FOURIER TRANSFORUS a ‘he function Fs) as defined by is known as the Fourier Be fention Fin equation (4) in known as the Fourier cosine trane- ‘The function fix as defined by equation) called the inverse Fourier cosine trans form of Fs} Thus equation) geste inversion formula for The Fourier cise tanaorm Note. Some authors write the above frmulae as ino iter 2 [paren ete wt me EL tomes (3) Complex Fourier transform and its inversion formula Compas for of Fore intgralie i= fe [ne da Replacing Aby s, we get fo= Ef ee [foes aeas Denoting the value ofthe inner integral hy FC, we have 1 foe 2 Roetae 6 where Fis) = [fevemde 46) ‘The function F(s) as defined by equation (6) is known as the Fourier transform of ix) ‘The function fix) as defined by equation (5) is called the inverse Fourier transform of Fs). Thus equation (5) gives the inversion formula for the Fourier transform. Note, Some authors write the above formulae at: ron Lf toes a foe ef nace (4) Finite Fourier sine transform and its inversion formula ‘The finite Fourier sine transform of fix)in 0 2 Sol. Fourier transform of ix) is ee [FOURIER TRANSFORMS. so f fevsinerde + Pteisinscds» [fein acd sede + fie-ssinsceae + fod -D. =f #1 fen (P-1.U, 2006; M.D.U. 2005) Example 3. Find the Fourier sine transform Sol. Fourier sine transform of iz) = ©—— is F,Yts = [[/)sinex de sineedx=I (say) a “CS Difforentiating w.rt s, we have [scaremmere a=aty Integrating w.rt. s, we get Tet Ee 80, from (1), 1= 0 Ox0+e > cH 0 @ Now, when. From (2), OO a 1 example 4. Find Fourier sine transform of 3-33) Sol. Fourier sine transform of ix) = atx? +a) Pye = fj flzdsinexdx =f tine! xa? +a") Differentiating w.rt. s, we have dl _ (> _xeossx ds bo xt +a?) Differentiating again w.rt. 8, we have ol sare [aaa * x(x? +a") son = x at - teh t=—4, where D=Z Tes AE. is Di-at=0 whence Desa CR eget sce PL= arto! (-3)- bere 1=C8.+PL a Ieee eet oe a 2 Gh xa ace Whea 5 0,from (1), T= 0 From (3), * Teeeegt SS x atest SS a0 fa? -(x? +0 )Jsinsx a2 fo? (a? 40" NO ge wat [APE xz? +a) OLD. Dee, 2995 al (say) yg @ eo) and 8) FOURIER TRANSFORMS ela When §=0, from (2), i From (4), Solving (5) and (6, FA ra a-e*9. anol Find te Risin rentrm of Sol. our sine ran ots gen by v.(2)= [ane Patogert ie, 2=8,nehae F (2-8 (D-L5ee Example 6. Find the Fourier sine and cosine transforms of x*', n > @. (MCD.U. Dec 2011; Madras, 2006 Sol. We know that Fa) o reer = [et @ Now ron [ere Putting ¢ = ax, a> 0, we have rwy= Lee an ads =a [i mgs 7 Sta ee SS rum tno rim) ae ee deo Differentiating wrt. 2, we have Ga Gee snaedea Coane (Integrating by parts) o 12) ‘Equating real and imaginary parts on both sides, we get [er corer en From (2), Bea and [erteinsede= 7; From (1), Fo) = OP sin ‘Hence Ie tet a Ze Note. Te [etd Put Fat ie, zed “ M9 eta r (2 “Peer ttomee is Example 8, Find the Fourier cosine transform of foonx , O eons comards 0 = Ef costs + onatd-aiside ‘Example 7. Find the Fourier cosine transform of e*". (Rajasthan 2006) L[sin(l+se | sind =| ae Sol. Fourier cosine transform of e*" is given by af les ata Blew he [ e® casarde= Tsay) ft) Fr nano seaman rd eri eine ronom HO 7 F @LD.U. May 29), 1 Hence derive Fourier sine ranaorm of 09> rH) Sol. Fourier cosine transform off) = Fens ff SS (ov) 0 Dillerentiating wr, 6, we have a isting gy =z 8S ge flere lee 1-(+x*)}sin ex sin ox cin ox oe: —« de xtl+x") xQ+z") = fine ® x(l+x") 2 Q Differentiating again w.r , we have sean conte Bl aeee lh are - (1-0, where D=Z TwAE.is D?-1=0 whence D=#1 : Tage ee - a ae ee a) When #=0, from (0,1 From), 16, +6 e atang When = s=0, from (2), From (4), fang ® s-4ae-F Solving (6) and (©), += Fui= Fe Putting the values oc, and c, in (4) a a | pom@, ~Reta[’ 888 de f Frm 9h cae : - CEC = Fo) Fae eee oe ee (agede Differentiating w.r.t. 4, we get £2(ts)« - fee = [pcxtewaeter - Fw § where y= 557 2 Fourier sine transform of = is 5«* Example 10, Find the Fourier transform of 1, tele no= {i EIS (MLD.U. May 2011 ; Anma 2007) Hence evaluate sinas coves a 0 ne io A TEXTBOOK OF ENOINEERG MATEY, Sol. Fourier transform of fe) is given by Fyn) = [fare de 2 firme des [pene * + [rare ae a floc deo fae des [0c ae [€ = Beample 11 Find he Fourier tomtom of fe) = [Uz if Inked antec etre [ (EE Q4.D.U. May 2006, Dec. 2006, Dec. 2007, Dec. 2010; h Aans, 206 ped For # = 0, we find Fifix)} = 20 Sol. Fourier transform of fix) is given by By inversion formula for Fourier transform, we have Lp Ft = 7 fine de fey= EP Fire ds = and = [Lrenears ranet aes [pared ae al py 2B em ade - Onl. dee fl anstre ae [ous a2 ca Eee -| F (io? App seerteoues sin 52) 4, in assin se 4, seen jf sos =[-dereene due - ap sincacon tg, [Second integral vanishes since the integrand is an odd function of | of, Mite anenrer{s [St wr) wal set eet] <- 5 eeane—sin) . Since the integrand in (2) is an even function of, we have By inversion formule for Fourier transfor, we have snorernet 4, _ [> fsS farm 2 Puta. de - sinoscosse 4, {x2 |z|@ infra {2 08236 (Anna, 2007) we Find the Fourie coin trasionm of Wparectsess>0 Wperee (MD. May, 2006) fe cect Gipae{a%s, Oe tered (i) fia ne bet a fe se ONT, 2006 dered one=lten fer wa ru. 206 an Tesi Find the Pobrier sine and cosine transforms of 1, for Osz0 Noto. Remember the results of Q. 4] Find the Fourier transforms ofthe following functions: tons fer (ESS (iii) fs) = teh acrch tne tS aeos 4 (0 Find the Fourier transform of fx) = Hens enute [82% ix? |x\ jt for |= |<1 0 for|x|>1 (KUK 2009; Madras 2006; V.T.U. 2006) (di) Find the Fourier transform ofthe function as fede it £, for-acx<0 4, for Ocxea otherwise - a - sce EN Hoe, (ii) Find the Fourier transform of the function : 1, for-2 0. 2.6. PROPERTIES OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS 1, Linearity Property. If Fie) and Ge) are Fourier transforms of fix) and gx) reapee. tively, then Flaftx) + bg(x)] = aF(s) + bG(e) where o and 6 are constants. Proof, By definition of Fourier transform, we have Fis) = FYfsil = [fled et de = Feta) = [7 6t0)-< de laf) + bats] = [7 lofts) + dg) ede and Gi = af fle).cde + bf ate).e de =0Fs) + G(s), Cor. (i) If Fs) and G,(s) are the Fourier sine transforms of lc) and g(x) respectively, F lofts) + bgtxil = aF (a) + 6Ga) where a and are constants. Gi) IfF{s) and G,(2) are the Fourier cosine transform? -* x) and g(x) respectively, thet F lofts) + byla)] = aF.(6) + 66,(0) ‘here @ and b are constants. (sana 2006, 007) Proof. By definition of complex Fourier ‘transform, we have ForePials [fare de a Fiend [7 flaz).e a (2) Putiog aret te, x= wenaedee When «~~, ¢>~ and when x 4.0, 1-500 From (2) we have Pitas = [7 pele 2L noetieao2e(4) wre IF F(a the Fourier size transform of fe), then Fan) = 32(2). (i) IEF.) in the Fourier cosine transform of fe) then Fass 28, (2) 8, Shifting Property. If Fo is the complex Fourier transform of fix), then Fifix-)) = oF(s). (Anna 2007) Proof. By definition of complex Fourier transform, we have Ris)= Fifa = [7 ft). de FYz—a)l= [7 fix-ade™ dx ae) Puttingx-a=t ie, x=0+!,wehaveds =dt When x + ~ =, ¢-— sand when s+,t +00 From (1) we have Pite-oe [rine dt [9.0 eta wo [rosette em no TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS A p complex Fourier transform of ft) ond ty g ca Shifting on time axis 110) i the i any rai mamber, then ai (MLD.U. May 2009) Fiftt- Proof. By definition of Fo) FuUl= [_f.e * Fyte-tgl= [_ fete at tet, wehave dt =dT aot Me F(8). lex Fourier transform, we have cia pein A a From (1), we have rint—tgie= [feet at af femetita otf pemett at =e Fs). ‘Remark. Inverse Fourier transform of e™* F(a) is lt—t9- 4. (b) Shifting on frequency axis. Ifa) is the complex Fourier transform of (0, and «tye any real number, then (4.D.U. May 2009) Flo" f0)] = Fle +9). ‘a Proof, By definition of complex Fourier transform, we have 3 Fo) = Fifa = [7 9. at w Fle fidi=[" eM (0.0 dt Proof. (i) aL Mo.cteat are reg. Remark. Laverne Fourier transform of Fa +) in ef). 4. Modulation Theorem. if F(a) is the complex Fourier transform offi), then Fifi con ax) = LIF (a + a) + F(a ad). «i ‘Proof. By definition of complex Fourier transform, we have Por=Piol= [ ftede de (io) Fe sin ax} = Fre +0 5 IFF,(0) and Fs) are Fourier sine and couine transforms of fx) respectively, FOURIER TRANSFORMS fT ee ai FYfs) ons at] = [7 fx) cosae eM de =f rol: “HLL noe fms eae 1 = 7 Forays Fea). (Cor. If Fo) and F,) are Fourier sine and cosine transforma of fx) respectively, then ORM) cos axl = 21F, +0) + Ff o) (i) Efe) sin oxl = 30-0) Fo +) Gi FM) cos asl = Efe +a) + Real F(o-a). F, (ef) =- a Ftc = 2) a ¢ Fal i x) cone ds} =f pocxsinas) de =- [teed sin ede =-F fs F, tefl = 2 ton fond {farsi exis} = [revere eniee Example 1. Find the Fourier transform of € we Wie” = [fe seanleonse dx =F befall ips F, bef) = UF). (@>0) (MLD.U. May 2009) (ii) e 2 Hence find the Fourier transform of (iv) eco x ‘Sol. Fourier transform of fi) = e°*' is given by Fifa) = [fae oJ @ eet =e = pax) By change of scale property, we have Pytanl> ZF +) = Rev*")= ove 1 evar a ) in deduction (), we have » iy 4 =e" = fan) By change of scale property, we have Fuze = 3#(2) = Fe), 2 (iv) By modulation theorem, FYfx) cos ox) = Fe +0) + Frat rie ntandl Example 2. Find the Fourier sine and cosine transform ofze*. (Madras 2006) Sol. Let us first find the Fourier sine and cosine transforms of «=. (-esins-tcou) (ean [esac [FG Flew) [[ esteosecde [sopremerssaee] : Remark Th ilving Parnas deste for Pou sin andcnintrnaorscanteea Caen a eo (Gi) Using Parseval's identity for fourier sine transforms, ie, fla) atx) de 2 stra FL BOG. wds=[ peraerde 02 rious wo 2 Cie WP de [tan de We have aoe [Pet et de (itis EL Rmeerde= [ eraterae ~ a = D Wien 2 Ueto? da [pte ae, SS Ls TRATIVE EXAMPLES ————___— a Vad Example 1. Using Parseval' identities, prove tha = whe ple 1. Using Parsevals identities, prove that Veen a e aye “iy = 2 ’ 5 Vaca a co "1p * laatenth ayer) (iy fee wf \Gid) Using Parsevals identity for Fourier cosine transform, ie, Mas” 3g wane Ran Mb let “ Aedee® and gie)oes Se 2 ’ 2 Se x We have 2C( } daa fl (emf ae 2 aoe - shear fee a Care : a. Cnere (iv) Using Parseval's identity for Fourier sine transform, ie., (G,(s)? de= taco? de We have 20 (sts) a fientas = 2 2 os ah say en [eta e x Carer Example 2, Using Parseval’s identity, prove that ~_sinat yy . aes: are Se Sol. Let farwema>0 and graf (S5<# then R= aoF and G,(s) a Using Parseval's identity for Fourier cosine transforms, ic., 26 Fue G.ta)ds= [°ftx) gta) dx tac We have ari ated de re QS sin as dt = 48) BaF ‘Example 3. Find the Fourier transform of I-[x|, |xl<2 fa=f 0, |xl>t ence find the valu of [8° ae (MLD, Dee. 200) Sol. Fourier transform of fix) is given by Fyn = [fine de + [pee des fare des (7a) et de [lodes fia-jzpet de + [Pode = f\d-tx (coset isin sx dx im fo -|2Doos ax cde f'(a-|x)pisinen de =2 [la-[xpeosseds +0 [++ (=| x [) cos seis an even function of x where as (1 - | x |) ‘sin is an odd function of 2] =2 [/a-s)eoe nde Ly |x| = wherex>0} wsfo-n ttt-co(-%] A TEXTBOOK OF ENGMEERNG MATE, FOURIER TRANSFORMS a z L [alco Lae 4 me = {0 ESS andr for Fourier transform Using Parseval’sulentity 5. Using Parsevals identity, prove that a Ful des [7 [fn de w fe aeet hing Parseval identity prove that may a ity, row ha Ay Mace gee fh aa-peptde of date st 2.11, FOURIER TRANSFORMS OF THE DERIVATIVES OF A FUNCTION = a Seat ase fa ciaitas ‘The Fourier transform ofthe funtion us, given by 2 Fluix t= [7 wet ae S Sp deste? gear fl a-feptae x C (6 Both integrands are even function) Uh Rearhec unalors ota au tnt, on Suppose u + 0 as.x-» +~, then the Fourier transform of @ is given = Speen ol a ote Suppose the Fourier transform of is given by au} & ie va au ofS ]-[L Mew aee[l ote datagming by pau) = [eal - ff ine nde monte [wear be wsome ee) i Fu) Hence ~isFw. (ii) Fourier transform of a SS PRISE 2,3 C3 eu Suppose w and +0 a5 z+, then the Fourier transform of 2 is gven by 1 Ven contin there fr = ni een ag even een wioamn 2 Using Parsoval s identities, prove that i. a x ye Pi) Pe af oo Bae fated OL atae Se ms wm ey eral rule of integration by » (Wink. Use Parsevals identity for Fourier sin sof fx) =e] ae = & Uning Parseval’s identity, show that [7 dt alt i oe Cosmormt my — snusn - (lot Use Perera’ deity for Fourier coin transforms offi) = a) =e) prexT800K OF ENGINEERING MATH, au fo ant Soar.) - 1 is? Fw) Hence ui Fourier transform of ue atid =, bina x», then the Fourier transform of ‘ Suppose w, Sere given by {glo oii : ; inn fe ade wore [wetter Hn Hence fZe]-ciwrr t a JE TRANSFORMS OF < 2.12. FOURIER SINE AND CO! “The Fourier nine and eoine transforma of the function utx,t) are given by rte = [usin a de and Fata t= [Lu connede ‘ Fu (i) Fourier sine transform of 2 Suppose wand 0 an +o then the Fourie trator of 2 is given by de au . iasedten [ine 2H te atgrating yw [mute [ ome] ategrating, again by parts) w+ lene =I * Ota ee Feninancte] by 40 max ot = Ha), PP fu) -ato (i) Fourier cosine transform of rinse. ads] FFtu) Here fS ‘Suppose u and Fan x» m, then the Faurier transform of 2" in given by nteagrating by partay ec integrating agsin by parts) 2.13. APPLICATION OF is oe ~ Fe os OURIER TRANSFORMS To Boun, = ours TRANSFOFUS a an ——_— ——" Fourier transforma are very useful in solving bound: : conditions are uz, 0)= {2 O0 Integrating og, = - 5% + loge subject to the conditions - 13) (i, O0 (i u= jo, x21 when Putting ¢ = 0 in (8), and (iii) us, 0) is bounded. 7, ,0)= [fats rsin sx dx au ooo a J ot oe eo 0,t> 1 Sol. Given ae a? = [uso sin sede + us, 0)sn x de Boundary condition is w(0, t) = 0 Vein ex de = KN — Ke? ("Vain ex de which isthe required solution. 2 ample 2 Seve 22 EE fr > 0, > under the boundary conationt Y= % duhen z=0,1 >and the initia! condition V= 0 when t= 0, =>. o : w_yatv Sol. Given W pV, 2r0,0>0 ot aa Boundary condition is V(O, £)= Vqst> 0 “. Initial condition is Vee, 0)= 0, x>0 ar Sune Vi0 2) is given, we take Fourier sine transform ofboth sides of (1). Thus +F,1Vix 01 wv Osiner, «(F [rowinerds (trom (2) ay = [Meineae : c ve i. . From @), ¥,(6,0=42(1-e"™") ‘Taking its inverse Fourier sine transform, we get 2r-y, Vos) = 2 [SO e) sin sede ote [vy eefVaiaseas] * when z+, V0 and when x = 0, V= V0.1 woes 2h ‘hich is the required solution, TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING A WATT, —_jqyfleh TRANSFORMS “ rod 0 $x < = is determ; 6 pure u in a semivinfinite Lined fs Beno Te er boy. ee au _ 42 gubject tothe conditions: ; , ierentiol equation y= Fg ie ppich isa linear differential equation (yu =Owhen t= 0,220. ed wee 1s (aconstont) when x = 0 and t > 0. Is solution is Determine the temperature formula. fii deren hut oe cs au _ au . so.aiven == RET ied Rabe o au Putting ¢ = 0 in ), we have Boundary condition is 3 =—H when x = 0,1> 0 7 ; Fi,0-K +e Initial condition is we, 0)= 0 “2 ? sineo2t at =O inven, we take Fourier eine tanto ofboth ef Tan = on $10.60 +8 tu. 00 22) [ate 2 amaarae mes 2(2)-2(023) sof ; = [Memsrden [ ton srde. iterating by pars From (3), %(6)0= 4 (1-€ = weerde-d fee 3} [ovine Ma] ‘Taking its inverse Fourier cosine transform, we get . Ck Gen C ‘a wan 2f Ste ) cos wx da =Ho-cwte sins Bd] = or = abe ube, ) = ESE (ea [- M0 phate hi sod Me —j.whens which is the required solution. ‘Example 4. If the initial temperature of an infinite bar is given by =hlwrs sinceu| x ex.ude = [0 forlxi Ef veedcninatet Poem de woe 7 subject to the initial condition o1.01= {3 aelebe 42) Lae eM Asta, where 7, =i, (6,1) = F,luCx, ) CS ———— 3 of (), we Bet ning ore rf of ee Jat ® po a des) ale _ 2B __ .%5% where = O(s,0) a Fourier transform of (2), we Bet From (3), =— tte Integrating log § =-cls%+logA or B= Ae 20 2 Since § = 2252 when t = 0, from (), we get A = p= ee ‘Taking its inverse Fourior transform, we get fg lab os = Ef eRe oe et ds 205 = LP a oe conse i [ARAM inxs] Se OO Mc ead “(cos x5 ~ i sin x3) ds (The second integral vanishes since its integrand is an odd functicd HO sade Bef O which is the required solution, 2ssin as cos xs ds “TRANSFORMS, 7 Example 6. Use the method of Fourie transform to determine thea ‘a placement yx) ~ guinfinite string, given thatthe string i initially at ret and thatthe Woe anne ee nite raphe he hk nl ti lag a ax? AD “ty subject to the initial conditions yy 2) =o aad H,0)=A0 w ‘Taking Fourier transform of (1), we get where 7 = FUG, 21 +s Its solution is = A.cos est + B sin est 8) where A, B are constants. ‘Now taking Fourier transform of (2), we get Zao and F =F) whenr=0 * Putting ¢ = 0, 7 = Fi) in (8), we get A= Fis) | Also coh sin cat ¢caB concat Pitsing = 0, Z =0, we gst B=0 2 = Fo) cos ot ‘Taking inverse Fourier transform, we get v5, )= EI Ponca cat fan = die-co epee) [ Example 6. Use the complex form of Fourier transform to show that na! us spgl fe is the solution of the boundary value problem au ou excmt>0; wafxduhent=0. a ax? SS a . ‘A TEATBOOK OF ENGMEERING MATH . Sol. Given BE tt, en tah ie “ LeeLee a ra eae woe [em ae [pees ss) a uffenoy [at aa] eisai net} fe wo Oas zt = Efluct tenia uae 8) €=i6,0= [7 ul, ede = [tevea (from (2 From, Tae" [ fixieae “ ze De [fared Iby changing the variable x 4 coupsch TRANSFOROS "Taking ita inverse Fouror transform, we get = wee ge Ller[rmemaaleme aR [Lette om date “RL flerree dod feat =2 Lr) at Vi( 10:55) =. then deme a. a= vane Rf poe 2 [fet au [: [ere] oe =a Lime du. A TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING MATH fq ; a rorms, solve the differential equation > 3 Example 7. Using suitable transforms x VGz, 0) = Vo constant. pen snszOwbre V0.0) 90+ Me Nand wun Bebeseentee Vo, = 0 = Vin, vu.0#Vy al 0.x 0 ule, O)=3sine+dsinde ond u,(s,0)=Oford0 a and u(0,£) = ln, = 0,030 uz, 0)= Sin +4 sin 4 9 ro cxen a 103 of, transform of both sides ae sinin-4)x _ sinin + 4)x ope Sins Ma] pf sim in — aoe _ sim ins ade OR ETE 2| n-1 {: nea Pe gin nds =f (ae z # = 0 except for n =1 and n= 4 Forn=1, ¢ a us formar ae [famed] Looe =H 0,0 [ue 0 sin de sofpafana] frases ai cas =o onsen w2 [fontece + [fase tesinsde naff 222 west oe arcs de +n [usin neds m0, = un, 5 Sf, sine, s[einde_sinSeT == [0enLosmerd] or er er =-otnt [usin ne de H (n= [ute 0)sin ac de - Ssaitg eo > fj sin + 4sin Ae sin dx dx 7 = 5 ap . ss ot noe [tesaia pic [fu in ned o2ffrsinsecnedesa [sat aece ABisDi+ohnt=0 + D= sian #3 feo tenen tines a] E58 ae : = 0, con ont +6 a ahs ) Putt edn), Hin, =e, 5 sisitindts amine = fea sina +4 sin 4) sin ne de (from 28 [isinacsinede +4 [sin nx sin ded a i wh =p Pain nesin ds +2 ("2 sin ne sin dx de Rettig! a 3 Oncsan = #0 Pew tn—remconin sal de? [cnx < (B) reduces to, =€, eos ant cos (in + 4)slé where o,= “E forn=1 and ¢,=2nforn=4 1h TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING MATHEM 106 Tey “Tening inverse ine Fourier sine trasior™ of (), we have pourte® TRANSFORMS a5 ‘sin nx vanel Sa nosoneezy aetem BR og at sin x + 2x 0084 at sin 4 2 Morne) torn lx, t)=8 cos at sin x + 4.008 4 at sin Ae which is the required solution Pu ranging ite Fourier rotor, sve 2.2 eb tthe ending Giniaoanmaea d0 : Le 00, emi Sear DUD 908 Se cca opening ena osesl ts ounave fi OS =0,1>0 o(%) fo) Lao | t au I the temperature us, satities the equation stany point ofthe barat any time (M.D.U. Dee, 2s ‘4. Determine the distribution of temperature in the semi-infinite medium x2 0, when the end x {is maintained at evo temperature and the inital distribution of temperature is fx), '% (a) Ifthe fow of heat is linear so that the variation of (temperature) with 2 and y may te Detected andi ss assumed that no heat ie generated inthe medium, then solve the dif ental equation 20, ,% ae Dy using Fourier transorm, where m= 0 (PTV, 2008) 2, 0)= & Solve the equation = 2H thequation 'y - 57. 0 Object to the conditions (a)uiz,0)=1,0creR 6) u0,0 =u ‘sing appropriate Fourier transform, P D=0t50 7. Use finite Fourier wa trantore to cen = > given that WO, #) = 0, wine) = 0, az, 0} RANSFORMS rounien Tf 107 ‘8. Use finite Fourier transform to solve “Rajesthan 2006) ‘subject to the conditions (ut O=2, cred ()u 0,044.9 20,130, au, Fu 9 Solve So 57, 0 Osubject tothe conditions (a) WO, 1) = ui6,01= 0,050 us, oy={h Dered 0 dex<6 fy 10, Solve SF (2) ui0,0=uie,)=0 fore>0 (Outs, 01 sins e (ute O)= 3 sins sin de (u420)=0 for dcxer, Fu Ey 11, Solve = £3, 0 0 subject to conditions 4s, 0) = 2x (0,04, (60 12, Solve by using finite Fourie transform Feu Gree p osesa (2,0) =0,ulx,0)= x12 x) and us, 0) = 0, Answers 2 aan 2 tee anes a ne? [PAREN 8 uaoye 2 fe [ineacaat=ay, A ube [Flere sin ae de whore (81+ Fe & ene Ef fine May wher jose MEH beth D2 sco cde EE anes niaetae amas Onno 2p? ape Ts a eee sca —-_ = . awn BS sin ¢ : ty om sin de He ule, 026+ 5 2 garcia s+ gg EO am we wee S18. ug 3 in ME ie oor SE Stee eT RM OF AN INTEGRAL 2:14, FOURIER TRANSFO! ume tp evi cninscns neve ime M108 [og Fo and Fs sates FO) =O. Then 1 " At fear] in 2.45, FOURIER TRANSFORM OF DIRAC-DELTA FUNCTION converge. Let FU = Dirac delta function (or unit impulse function) &(¢ ~ a) is defined as “) t fort 2a +h Fist - a) er : = fim f°" poe bin PG ae

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