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UNIT 3 Intended Learning Outcomes

• At the end of the unit, the student should be able to:

HEALTH INFORMATION • Explain the functions, purposes, components and types of health
information system
SYSTEM
Fundamentals of
Information Systems

Course Content Information System (IS)

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM • is an arrangement of data (information), processes,
(Fundamentals of Information Systems) people, and information technology that interact to
collect, process, store, and provide as output the
• Components of information technology
information needed to support the organization
• Types of information systems
(Whitten & Bentley, 2007)
• The information systems development life cycle
• Types of databases

Health information systems Information technology (IT)

• refer to any system that “captures, stores, manages or • is a contemporary term that describes the combination
transmits information related to the health of individuals of computer technology (hardware and software) with
or the activities of organizations that work within the data and telecommunications technology
health sector.” • Models in IT
• Define the way we learn about the world, interpret
what we see and apply our knowledge to effect
change, whether that is through our own actions or
using technology such as a computer

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Data Interpretation requirements

• Database
• Data • Collection of data and its associated model
• Raw facts • Knowledge base
• Building blocks of information • Collection of rules can be thought of as a database
containing elements of knowledge
• Must be formatted for storage, processing and presentation
• Ontology
• Knowledge
• Set of concepts understood in a knowledge base and
• Defines relationships among data how these concepts are arranged meaningfully
• Information • Rules of inference
• Produced by processing data • Specify how a knowledge base can be applied to a
• Requires applying knowledge to reveal meaning database

Computational models for the automation of

Data Interpretation requirements data interpretation

Components of Information Technology Components of Information Technology

• Hardware • Hardware
• Software
• Telecommunications
• Networks
• Database
• People
• Procedures

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Components of Information Technology Components of Information Technology

• Software
• Collective term for computer programs, which are sets of • Telecommunications
instructions to computer hardware • Communication
• 2 General Categories over distance,
• System software primarily
• Application software communication of
bits representing
many forms of data
and information.

Components of Information Technology Components of Information Technology

• Networks • Database
• Combination of devices • Collections of
connected to each other interrelated data that
through one of the are shared by many
communications media units and contribute to
(cables, radio waves, etc.) productivity and
• Types (according to reach efficiency
and complexity)
• LAN
• WAN
• MAN
• PAN

Components of Information Technology Types of Information Systems

• People
• Information systems professionals and users
• Analyze organizational information needs, design and
construct information systems, write computer programs,
operate the hardware, and maintain software
• Procedures
• Rules for achieving optimal and secure operations in data
processing; procedures include priorities in dispensing
software applications and security measures

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Types of Information Systems Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Phase 2. Analysis
• Operations Support Systems Phase 1. Planning



Conduct preliminary investigation
Perform detailed analysis activities:
Phase 3. Design
• Its role include processing business transactions, controlling 


Review project requests
Prioritize project requests
Study current system  Acquire hardware and
Determine user requirements
industrial processes, supporting enterprise communications  Allocate resources Recommend solution 
software, if necessary
Develop details of system
and collaborations, and updating corporate databases  Identify project development team

efficiently
• Management Support Systems
• It provides information and support for decision making by all Phase 5. Support Phase 4. Implementation
 Develop programs, if necessary
types of managers 


Conduct post-implementation system review
Identify errors and enhancements  Install and test new system

• Specialized Processing Systems  Monitor system performance 


Train users
Convert to new system

• It can support either operations or management applications

Data Resource Management

Information
• Entity – Any object about which an organization chooses to
Systems collect data
Development • Types of people (employees, students, patients or members)
• Events (sales transactions, sports events, machine outputs)
Life Cycle • Inanimate objects (inventoried or for-sale products,
buildings)
• Character – Smallest piece of data

Data Resource Management

Hierarchy
• Field – One piece of information about an entity of Data
• Record – Fields related to the same entity
• File – Collection of related records
• Database – Collection of files that are kept together

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Data Resource Management Data Resource Management

• Database Management System (DBMS) • Queries
• A program used to build databases, populate them with data, • Messages sent to the database to access data
and manipulate the data • Purpose
• Display results
• Manipulate data (adding, deleting, and updating)
• Sort the order of the records
• Reports
• DBMSs are usually bundled with report generation module
which can facilitate queries and produce predesigned reports

Data Resource Management Database Model

• Security
• Use of databases may raise security and privacy issues • Refers to the general logical structure in which records are
stored within a database and the method used to establish
• Solution: Provide restricted access
relationships among the records.
• Require login before accessing database
• Types
• Limit access to certain fields depending on type of user
• Hierarchical model
• Network model
• Relational model
• Object-oriented model

Database Model: Relational Model

Database
Model:
Relational
Model

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Database Model: Object-oriented Model

Database
Model:
Object-
oriented
Model

Data Resource Management Data Resource Management

• Data warehouse • “Big Data”
• A large database that • A magnification or expansion of the amount, types, and level
supports management of detail of data that is collected and stored.
decision making.
• Involves high volumes of data compiled from traditional,
• Contains data, or ordinary business activities, as well as newer, nontraditional
summaries of data, from sources such as social media.
millions of transactions
over many years and/or
from national or global
transactions.

Data Resource Management

• Outcome of data warehousing
• Data mining
• The process of selecting, exploring, and modeling large
amounts of data to discover previously unknown
relationships that can support decision making.
• Data-mining software searches through large amounts of
data for meaningful patterns of information.
• Online analytical processing
• Applications that respond to commands by composing
tables to analyze different dimensions of multidimensional
data

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References Learning Activities

• Coiera, E. (2015). Guide to Health Informatics,3rd edition. New
York: CRC Press.
• Sousa, K. and Oz, E. (2015). Management Information
Systems, 7th edition. Cengage Learning.
• Marakas, G. and O'Brien, J. (2013). Introduction to Information
Systems, 16th edition. McGraw Hill.

THANK YOU!
THANK YOU!