The document discusses fundamental concepts of chemistry, including that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and that elements are the basic building blocks made of a specific number of protons. Chemical compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements, such as water which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together. Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between substances as expressed by chemical equations.
The document discusses fundamental concepts of chemistry, including that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and that elements are the basic building blocks made of a specific number of protons. Chemical compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements, such as water which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together. Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between substances as expressed by chemical equations.
The document discusses fundamental concepts of chemistry, including that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and that elements are the basic building blocks made of a specific number of protons. Chemical compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements, such as water which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together. Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between substances as expressed by chemical equations.
The document discusses fundamental concepts of chemistry, including that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons, and that elements are the basic building blocks made of a specific number of protons. Chemical compounds are formed by chemical bonds between different elements, such as water which is made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms bonded together. Chemical reactions involve the formation or breaking of chemical bonds between substances as expressed by chemical equations.
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Fundamental concepts of chemistry
1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following expressions in appropriate forms. Use each expression only once.
chemical formula, chemical equation, proton, neutron, element, electron, atomic nucleus, molecule, cation, anion, chemical compound, chemical reaction, chemical bonds, ion, molecule, atomic number
An atom is a collection of matter consisting of a positively charged core ( the atomic
nucleus ) which contains Proton and Neutron and which maintains a number of electrons to balance the positive charge in the nucleus. The atom is also the smallest portion into which an Element can be divided and still retain its properties, made up of a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons. The most basic chemical substances are the chemical elements. They are building blocks of all other substances. An element is a class of atoms which have the same number of protons in the nucleus. This number is known as the atomic number of the element. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their nuclei are atoms of the element uranium. Each chemical element is made up of only one kind of atom. The atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements. Chemists use letters of the alphabet as symbols for the elements. In total, 117 elements have been observed as of 2007, of which 94 occur naturally on Earth. Others have been produced artificially. An Ion is an atom or a molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons. Positively charged Cation (e.g. sodium cation Na+ ) and negatively charged Anion (e.g. chloride Cl− ) can form neutral salts (e.g. sodium chloride NaCl). Electrical forces at the atomic level create Chemical Bonds that join two or more atoms together, forming Molecule. Some molecules consist of atoms of a single element. Oxygen molecules, for example, are made up of two oxygen atoms. Chemists represent the oxygen molecule O2. The 2 indicates the number of atoms in the molecule. 17 When atoms of two or more different elements bond together, they form a Molecule. Water is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The Chemical formula for a water molecule is H2O. Compounds are formed or broken down by means of Chemical reaction. All chemical reactions involve the formation or destruction of chemical bonds. Chemists use Chemical equation to express what occurs in chemical reactions. Chemical equations consist of chemical formulas and symbols that show the substances involved in chemical change. For example, the equation C + O2 CO2 expresses the chemical change that occurs when one carbon atom reacts, or bonds, with an oxygen molecule. The reaction produces one molecule of carbon dioxide, which has the formula CO2.
2. Read the article again. The names of which chemical elements and compounds can you find there? Chemical elements: Clor (Cl), Oxygen (O2), Carbon (C) Chemical Coumpond: Carbo dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) 3. What is the meaning of the following expressions: Chemical bonds: is two or more elements sharing electrons and resamble Dense: one pacticle with another particle near each other Density: decide 1 kg mass in 1 liters volume Bond together: when atoms of two more different form chemical coumpond.
