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Formula Geotechnical

This document contains a formulary for foundation engineering concepts including: 1. Lateral earth pressure calculations for cohesive and frictional soils. 2. Pile foundation calculations including Euler buckling, first and second order theories, limiting soil pressure, and structural capacity checking. 3. Sheet pile wall calculations for passive earth pressure in cohesive soils.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
90 views22 pages

Formula Geotechnical

This document contains a formulary for foundation engineering concepts including: 1. Lateral earth pressure calculations for cohesive and frictional soils. 2. Pile foundation calculations including Euler buckling, first and second order theories, limiting soil pressure, and structural capacity checking. 3. Sheet pile wall calculations for passive earth pressure in cohesive soils.

Uploaded by

dmehary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AF2609 Foundation Engineering

Formulary

Contents
0 Lateral earth pressure .................................................................................................................................. 1
1 Pile Foundation ............................................................................................................................................ 2
2 Sheet pile walls ............................................................................................................................................. 5
3 Dynamic foundation design ........................................................................................................................ 7
Appendix: Sheet pile walls - several anchor levels ...................................................................................... 10
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

0 Lateral earth pressure


Cohesive soil

At rest 𝜎ℎ = 0,5𝜎𝑣

Active 𝜎𝑎 = 𝜎0 − 2𝑐𝑢

Passive 𝜎𝑎 = 𝜎0 + 2𝑐𝑢

Friction soil

At rest 𝜎ℎ = 𝐾0 𝜎ℎ′ + 𝑢 𝐾0 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑

Active 𝜑
𝜎𝑎 = 𝐾𝑎 𝜎0′ − 2𝑐 √𝐾𝑎 + 𝑢 𝐾𝑎 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 − )
2
Passive 𝜑
𝜎𝑝 = 𝐾𝑝 𝜎0′ + 2𝑐 √𝐾𝑝 + 𝑢 2
𝐾𝑝 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (45 + )
2

1
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

1 Pile Foundation
Euler’s Buckling

Buckling load 𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝐹=
(𝐾𝐿)2
Buckling length 𝐾=1
𝐸𝐼
𝐿𝐾 = 𝜋√
𝐹𝐶
1st order theory

Buckling load 𝐹𝐾 = 2√𝑘𝑑𝐸𝐼 For short term load


𝐶𝑢
𝑘 = 150
𝑑
For long term load
𝐶𝑢
𝑘 = 50
𝑑
Buckling length 4 𝐸𝐼
𝐿𝐾 = √2𝐿𝐶 = 𝜋 √
𝑘𝑑
2nd order theory

Initial deflection For steel piles


An assumed radius of
𝐿𝑘 2
𝛿0 = deflection: R=300m
8𝑅
For concrete piles
𝐿𝑘
𝛿0 = (without joint)
300
𝐿𝑘
𝛿0 = (with joint)
150
Buckling load 𝑦0
𝐹 = 2√𝑘𝑑𝐸𝐼
𝑦0 + 𝛿0
Limiting soil pressure 𝑞𝑏 = 6𝑐𝑢 For long term
𝑞𝑏 = 9𝑐𝑢 For short term
Structural capacity

Pile material yielding checking 𝐹 𝑀 𝑦0 + 𝛿0


+ < 1.0 𝑀 = 𝐹( )
𝑁𝑝𝑙 𝑀𝑝𝑙 2

Structural properties 2
𝑁𝑝𝑙 = 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝐴 𝑍𝑝 = 𝑛𝐼 = 𝑡𝑑 2
𝑑
𝑀𝑝𝑙 = 𝑍𝑝 𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑛 = 1.3~1.5 for hollow section
𝑛 = 1.7 for solid section
Moment of inertia for a solid
section
𝜋𝑑 4
𝐼=
64
Moment of inertia for a hollow
section
𝜋(𝑑 4 − 𝑑𝑖4 )
𝐼=
64

2
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

α method

Total stress
𝑓𝑠 = 𝛼 ∗ 𝐶𝑢,𝑡
Corrected shear strength 1,0 (𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝐶𝑢,𝑡 = 𝐾𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝑢
0,9 (𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠)
𝐾𝑡 = {
0,8 (𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠)
0,7 (𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚)

α correction
𝛼 = 𝛼𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 ∗ 𝐾∅ ∗ 𝐾𝑓 ∗ 𝐾𝑂𝐶𝑅 ∗ 𝐾𝑇 𝛼𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 1,0
0,9 (𝐷 > 0,2)
𝐾∅ = {
1,0 (𝐷 < 0,2)

𝐾𝑓 = 1,0 (𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚)

𝐾𝑂𝐶𝑅 = 1,0 (𝑂𝐶𝑅 < 1,25)

𝐾𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 1

Figure 1
β method

Effective stress (see Figure 2)


𝑓𝑠 = 𝛽𝜎′𝑣0

Figure 2

3
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

Parameters
Choose from 𝐾 ≈ 𝐾0 = 1 − sin(∅) , ∅ = 𝛿
𝛽 = 𝐾tan (𝛿) 𝛿 = 30 ͦ → 𝛽 = 0.23
or Burland:
𝛽 = 0.24~0.4(0.24 for 𝐿 > 25m)
or Flaate & Selnes:

𝛽 = 0,4𝜇𝐿 √𝑂𝐶𝑅
𝐿 + 20
𝜇𝐿 =
2𝐿 + 20

4
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

2 Sheet pile wall


Passive earth pressure for cohesive soil

Net Passive pressure by


𝜎𝑝,𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑁𝑐𝑏 𝑐𝑢𝑑 − (𝛾𝑑 𝐻 + 𝑞𝑑 ) 𝑁𝑐𝑏 = 3.6if piles are installed
Swedish Method
close to the sheet pile wall in
very sensitive and silty clay
𝑁𝑐𝑏 = 4.1 if walls which do not
have enough support, e.g.
standing in clay or near the wall
𝑁𝑐𝑏 = 5.7 for walls with inclined
anchors and satisfactory
vertical support

Design of sheet pile wall

Design of sheet piles


𝑀𝑅𝐷 ≥ 𝑀𝑆𝐷 𝜂 = form factor for bending,
𝑀𝑅𝐷 = 𝜂𝑊𝑥 𝑓𝑦𝑑 max 1.25
𝑊𝑥 = elastic section modulus
𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = yield stress of the
𝛾𝑚 𝛾𝑛
material
𝑀𝑆𝐷 = maximum moment

Design of anchors
𝑁𝑅𝐷 ≥ 𝑁𝑆𝐷 𝑁𝑅𝐷 = bearing capacity of the
𝑁𝑆𝐷 = 1,5𝑄𝑐 anchor = minimum (anchor
material, anchor zone)
𝑄 = load at anchor level
𝑐 = spacing between anchors

Design of wale beams


𝑀𝑅𝐷 ≥ 𝑀𝑆𝐷 if one anchor fails
𝑀𝑅𝐷 = 𝜂𝑊𝑥 𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑞𝑙 2
𝑀𝑆𝐷 =
𝑞𝑙 2 4
𝑀𝑆𝐷 =
16

5
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

Design of dowels
𝑀𝑅𝐷 ≥ 𝑀𝑆𝐷 𝜂 = form factor=1.7 for a
𝜂𝑊𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 𝑁𝑆𝐷 𝑑 homogenous (massive) round
cross section
𝜂𝑊𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 𝑞𝑐𝑑
𝑊 = elastic section modulus =
𝜋𝐷3
32

𝑓𝑦𝑑 = yield stress of the


material (design value)
𝑞 = force on the dowel level
𝑐 = distance between the
dowels
𝑑 = distance between the foot
of the sheet pile wall and the
bedrock

Several levels of anchors (See the attached lecture notes)

6
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

3 Dynamic foundation design


Frequency

Frequency 1
𝑓=
𝑇
Circular frequency
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓

Single degree of freedom systems

Dynamic equation
𝑚𝑧̈ (𝑡) + 𝑐𝑧̇ (𝑡) + 𝑘𝑧 = 𝐹(𝑡)
Natural frequency
𝑘
𝜔𝑛 = √
𝑚

Critical damping
𝑐𝑐𝑟 = 2𝑚𝜔𝑛 = 2√𝑚𝑘
Damping ratio 𝑐
𝐷=
𝑐𝑐𝑟
Frequency ratio 𝜔
𝛽=
𝜔𝑛
Steady-state amplitude 𝐹0 1
𝑅=
𝑘 √(1 − 𝛽 2 )2 + (2𝐷𝛽)2

Phase angle
2𝐷𝛽
tan 𝜙 =
1 − 𝛽2
Circular resonant frequency
𝜔𝑟 = 𝜔𝑛 √1 − 2𝐷2
Rotating masses

Force amplitude
𝑃0 = 𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝜔2
Nominal amplitude 𝑚𝑒 𝑒
𝑧𝐴 =
𝑚
Displacement magnification
𝑅 𝛽2
factor 𝑀′ = =
𝑧𝐴 √(1 − 𝛽 2 )2 + (2𝐷𝛽)2

Circular resonant frequency 𝜔𝑛


𝜔𝑟 =
√1 − 2𝐷 2
Modulus conversion

Young’s modulus
𝐸 = 2𝐺(1 + 𝜐)

7
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

Shear modulus 𝐸
𝐺=
2 + 2𝜐
Poisson ratio 𝐸
𝜐= −1
2𝐺
Machine foundations

Natural circular frequency


(translation): 𝑘
𝜔𝑛 = √
𝑚

Natural circular frequency


(rotation): 𝑘
𝜔𝑛 = √
𝐼

Analogue parameters

Moment of inertia

8
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

Parallel axis 2
𝐼𝑥′ = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝑚𝑑𝐶𝐺

Added soil mass/moment of inertia

Rectangular foundation

Dynamic testing
Wave velocity
𝐸
𝑐=√
𝜌

Impedance
EA
Z=
c
Initial work
Win =  Fin vdt

Force
F = Zv
Total resistance
1 1
RT = ( F1 + Zv1 ) + ( F2 − Zv2 )
2 2
Static resistance
Rstat = RT − J c ( F1 + Zv1 − RT )

9
Formulary AF2609 Foundation
Engineering

05/10/2019

10

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