Me6016 Te
Me6016 Te
Me6016 Te
QUESTION BANK
IV SEMESTER
Regulation – 2013
JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai – 600 119
QUESTION BANK
PART-A
CO Mapping : C406.2
BT
Q.No. Questions Competence PO
Level
1 What is meant by scavenging in I.C. Engines? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
Differentiate between ideal and actual valve
2 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
timing diagrams of a petrol engine.
What are the important requirements of fuel
3 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
injection system?
Mention different types of fuel injection systems
4 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
in IC Engines
What is the purpose of a thermostat in an engine
5 BTL-2 Understanding PO1, PO2
cooling system?
6 What is meant by ignition delay? BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
7 What is Cetane number? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
Explain the phenomenon of detonation in S.I
8 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
Engine.
9 What are the effects of knocking? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
Define the terms: (i) Indicated Power. (ii) Brake
10 Power. (iii) Friction Power (or)Differentiate BTL-1 Remembering PO1
between Brake power and Indicated power.
Differentiate between SFC and TFC in engine
11 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
performance
12 What is meant by IC Engine? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
What is meant by highest useful compression
13 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
ratio?
Compare the thermal efficiency of petrol engines
14 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
with diesel engines. Give reasons
Which is better efficient two stroke or four stroke
15 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
engines? Why?
. What is carburetor? State some functions of
16 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
carburetor.
17 What is meant by compensation in carburetor? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
List the various circuits available in the solex
18 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
carburetor?
19 What is the fuel injector? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
20 Define governing. State functions of governing. BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
List out the advantages of electronic ignition
21 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
system over the conventional systems.
What is meant by lubrication system? State the
22 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
methods of lubrication.
23 What is meant by scavenging in I.C. Engines? BTL-1 Remembering PO1
BT
Q.No. Questions Competence PO
Level
24 How fuels are rated? Explain. BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
What is “super charging” in diesel engine? And
25 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
state its use.
What are the different factors which influence
26 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
knocking in petrol engines?
27 What are the advantages of supercharging?. BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO6
28 What is pre – ignition? How can be detected? BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
29 . List out the factors affects the ignition lag. BTL-1 Remembering
What is auto ignition and why it occurs in SI
30 BTL-1 Remembering
engine?
PART-B
Describe with suitable sketches the following system
1 of a modern carburetor. (i) main metering system (ii) BTL-2 Understanding PO1, PO2
idling system (iii) economizer system (iv)
accelerating pump system (v) choke.
(i) With a neat sketch, explain the principle of work
of diesel fuel injector
(ii) A four-stroke, four-cylinder gasoline engine has
a bore of 60mm and a stroke of 100 mm. On test
it develops a torque of 66.5 N-m when running
BTL-1 Remembering
2 at 3000rpm. If the clearance volume in each PO1
BTL-5 Evaluating
cylinder is 60cc, the relative efficiency with
respect to brake thermal efficiency is 0.5 and the
calorific value of fuel is 42MJ/kg, determine the
fuel consumption in kg/h and the brake mean
effective pressure.
(i) Explain the pressure lubrication system with a
neat sketch. BTL-2 Understanding
3 PO1
Explain the bosch fuel injector with a neat sketch
Air consumption for a four stroke petrol engine is
measured by means of a circular orifice of diameter
3.5 cm. The coefficient of discharge for the orifice is
0.6 and the pressure across the orifice is 14 cm of
water. The barometer reads 760 mm of Hg. The
temperature of air in the room is 24OC. The piston
4 displacement volume is 1800 cm3. The compression BTL-5 Evaluating PO1
ratio is 6.5. The fuel consumption is 0.13 kg/min and
calorific value is 44000kJ/kg. The brake power
developed at 2500 rpm is 28 kW. Determine (i) Air-
Fuel ratio (ii) Volumetric efficiency on the basis of
air alone (iii) Brake mean effective pressure (iv)
Relative efficiency on brake thermal efficiency
basis.
5 Discuss the difference between theoretical and BTL-2 Understanding PO1
actual valve timing diagrams of a diesel engine.
Explain the phenomena of knocking in diesel
6 engines. What are the different factors which BTL-2 Understanding PO1
influence knocking?
A four-cylinder, four-stroke oil engine 10 cm in
diameter and 15 cm in stroke develops a torque of
185 Nm at 2000 rpm. The oil consumption is 14.5
lit/hr. The specific gravity of the oil is 0.82 and
7 calorific value of oil is 42,000 kJ/kg. If the IMEP BTL-5 Evaluating PO1
taken from the indicator diagram is 6.7 bar, find (i)
mechanical efficiency (ii) brake thermal efficiency
(iii) brake mean effective pressure (iv) specific fuel
consumption in litres on brake power basis. (16
Marks)
Write a note on lubrication system for an IC engine
8 BTL-2 Understanding PO1, PO2
in detail with relevant sketches of various types.
Explain how knocking taking place in S.I. engines
9 and discuss the various factors which affect BTL-2 Understanding PO1
knocking in S.I engines
i) Compare four stroke and two stroke cycle engine
10 ii) Explain with a sketche the non-exhaust emission BTL-2 Understanding PO1
from a vehicle
i During the test of 40 minutes on a single cylinder
gas engine of 200 mm bore and 400 mm stroke,
working on the four stroke cycle, the following
readings were taken; total no of revolutions 9400,
total no of explosion 4200 and area of indicator
11 diagram 72 mm, spring number 0.8 bar/mm, brake BTL-5 Evaluating PO1
load 540 N, brake diameter 2 cm, gas used 8.5 m3,
and calorific value 15900 kJ/m3. Calculate i)
Indicated power ii) Brake power and iii) Indicated
and brake thermal efficiency. ii) Write short notes on
SI and CI engine emissions
UNIT III STEAM NOZZLES AND TURBINES
Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,
supersaturated flow. Impulse and Reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagram for
simple and multi-stage turbines, speed regulations –Governors.
PART-A
CO Mapping : C406.3
BT
Q.No. Questions Competence PO
Level
What are the main classifications of steam
1 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
turbine?
What is meant by carry over loss?
2 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
State the function of fixed blades.
3 BTL-1 Remembering PO1
State the function of moving blades.
4 BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO2
Differentiate between impulse and reaction
5 BTL-2 Understanding PO1, PO6
turbines
Give examples of impulse turbine and reaction
6 turbine? BTL-1 Remembering PO1, PO6, PO7
PART-B
A two-stage air compressor consists of three
cylinders having the same bore and stroke. The
delivery pressure is 7 bar and the free air delivery is
4.3 m3/min. Air is drawn in at 1.013 bar , and 15OC
1 and an intercooler cools the air to 38OC. The index of BTL-5 Evaluating PO1
compression is 1.3 for all three cylinders. Neglecting
clearance calculate, (i) the intermediate pressure (ii)
the power required to drive the compressor (iii) the
isothermal efficiency
With a neat sketch, describe the construction and
working of a single stage acting reciprocating air
2 compressor. Also derive the equation for work done BTL-2 Understanding PO1
with clearance and without clearance.
3. Draw the p-V & T-S diagram for Otto cycle. (APR’04)
4. Draw the p-V & T-S diagram for Diesel cycle. (MAY’07)
13. Which cycle is more efficient with respect to the same compression ratio? (OCT’95)
For the same compression ratio, Otto cycle is more efficient than Diesel cycle.
14. For the same compression ratio and heat supplied, state the order of decreasing air standard efficiency
of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle. (APR’98, OCT’98)
ɳotto > ɳDual > ɳDiesel
15. Name the factors that affect air standard efficiency of Diesel cycle. (APR’97)
Compression ratio and cut-off ratio
16. What is the effect of cut-off ratio on the efficiency of diesel cycle when the compression ratio is kept
constant? (NOV’15, APR’03)
When the cut-off ratio of diesel cycle increases, the efficiency of cycle is decreased when the compression
ratio kept constant and vice versa.
17. Define the term actual thermal efficiency and relative efficiency. (DEC’12)
Actual efficiency is defined as the ratio of work output by the cycle to the heat input to the cycle.
Relative efficiency is defined as the ratio between actual efficiency and air standard efficiency.
18. Define Mean Effective Pressure of an I.C Engine. (MAY’16, NOV’07)
Mean effective pressure is defined as the constant pressure acting on the piston during the working stroke. It
is also defined as the ratio of work done to the stroke volume or piston displacement volume.
25. What is the expression for efficiency of Otto & Diesel cycle?
For Otto cycle,
1 V
Efficiency, cy 1 1 where r 1 compression ratio
r V2
For Diesel cycle,
rc 1
Efficiency, cy 1 1 , where rc=Cut-off ratio
r rc 1
D O Same
V1
Compression ratio =C
V2
i.e., For same T1 ,T2 should be same for both the cycles.
Heat input is same
mCv(T3- T2) = mCv (T3' - T2 )
o 1
T4 T1
T3 T2
o 1
T T
4
'
1
T T
3
'
2
29. What are all the modifications are carried out in Brayton cycle? Why? (APR/MAY 2015)
In Brayton cycles, the devices can be incorporated to increase its thermal efficiency such as (i) Regenerator
(ii) Re heater and (iii) Intercooler, because of increasing thermal efficiency of the cycle.
30. What is the difference between otto and diesel cycle? (NOV’16, NOV’15)
26. What are the different factors which influence knocking in petrol engines?
Temperature factors, density factors, time factors, and composition factors.
27. What are the advantages of supercharging?
Complete combustion of mixture takes place inside the combustion of mixture takes place inside the
combustion chamber which increases the power output of the engine.
The turbulence caused by supercharging assist in better mixing of fuel and air particles.
Possibility of knocking is reduced in C.I. Engines.
Specific fuel consumption is less due to complete combustion of air fuel mixture.
Mechanical and thermal load carrying capacity of the engine increases with increase in supercharging.
The exhaust gas temperature us reduced and there will be better scavenging.
28. What is pre – ignition? How can be detected?
Pre ignition is defined as phenomenon of ignition of the charge before the ignition spark occurs. Carbon
particles in the combustion chamber are over heated under certain operating conditions.
PART-B
Describe with suitable sketches the following system of a modern carburetor. (i) main
May/June
1 metering system (ii) idling system (iii) economizer system (iv) accelerating pump
2016
system (v) choke.
(i) Explain the pressure lubrication system with a neat sketch. Nov/Dec
3
(ii) Explain the bosch fuel injector with a neat sketch. 2016
Discuss the difference between theoretical and actual valve timing diagrams of a Apr/May
4
diesel engine. 2015
Explain the phenomena of knocking in diesel engines. What are the different factors Apr/May
6
which influence knocking? 2015
Write a note on lubrication system for an IC engine in detail with relevant sketches of Nov/Dec
8
various types. (16 Marks) 2015
Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,
supersaturated flow. Impulse and Reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagram for
simple and multi-stage turbines, speed regulations –Governors.
PART-A
1. What are the main classifications of steam turbine?
1. On the basis of method of steam expansion
a. Impulse turbine.
b. Reaction turbine.
c. Combination of impulse and reaction turbine
2. On the basis of number of stages.
a. Single stage turbines
b. Multi stage turbines
3. On the basis of steam flow directions
a. Axial turbine.
b. Radial turbine
c. Tangential turbine.
d. Mixed flow turbine.
4. On the basis of pressure of steam
a. High pressure turbine
b. Low pressure turbine
c. Medium pressure turbine
.
8. What is hypothetical indicator diagram?
The theoretical cycle of the steam engine work on the Rankine cycle. The hypothetical indicator diagram
is the theoretical indicator diagram of a steam engine when there is no loss during the cycle.
.
12. Define pure substance.
A pure substance is defined as a homogeneous material which retains its chemical composition even
though there may be a change of phase.
13.Give the classification of steam turbine. Steam turbines are classified as :
a. Impulse turbine b. Reaction turbine
.
14. Give the classification of steam turbines according to number of stages.
According to the numberof stages, steam turbines are classifed as :
a. Single stage turbine.
b. Multi stage turbine
15. Define impulse turbine. (DEC’11)
If at the inlet of the turbine, the energy available is only kinetic energy, then the turbine is known as
impulse turbine. eg: curties turbine
.
16. Define reaction turbine. (DEC’11)
If at the inlet of the turbine, the water possesses kinetic energy as well as pressure energy , then the
turbine is known as reaction turbine. eg. parson's turbine.
.
17. Define compounding of steam turbines. (NOV’15, NOV’10)
Compounding is defined as the method used for reducing rotor speed and sharing the loss of kinetic
energy in stages in an impulse turbine is known as compounding.
.
20. Define degree of Reaction (Rd). (MAY’14, APR’04)
The degree of reaction in an impulse reaction turbine is defined as the ratio of enthalpy drop in moving
blades to enthalpy drop in the stage.
22. What are the classifications of steam turbine on the basis of method of steam expansion?
Impulse turbine.
Reaction turbine.
Combination of impulse and reaction turbine
.
23. What are the classifications of steam turbine on the basis of number of blades?
Single stage turbines
Multi stage turbines
.
24. What are the classifications of steam turbine on the basis of steam flow direction?
Axial turbine.
Radial turbine
Tangential turbine.
Mixed flow turbine.
.
25. What are the classifications of steam turbine on the basis of pressure of steam?
Primary Losses:
Secondary Losses:
Impingement loss
.
29. What are the main constructional features of a turbine?
Casing, Rotor and Control stage
31. What is the effect of friction on the flow through a steam nozzle? (NOV’15)(NOV’16)
(i) The dryness fraction of the steam is increased
(ii) Entropy and specific volume of the steam are increased
(iii) Exit velocity of the steam is reduced
(iv) Mass of steam discharged is increased
PART-B
1..i)Define critical pressure ratio of a nozzle and discuss why attainment of sonic velocity
determines the maximum discharge through steam nozzle. (10 Marks) May/June
ii)Explain the metastable expansion of steam in a nozzle with help of h-s diagram. (6 2016
Marks)
Refer:”Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
2.
A simple impulse turbine has one ring of moving blades running at 150 m/sec. The
absolute velocity of steam at exit from the stage is 85 m/sec at angle of 80O from the
tangential direction. Blade velocity co-efficient is 0.82 and the rate of steam flowing May/June
through the stage is 2.5 kg/sec. If the blades are equiangular, determine (i) Blade angles 2016
(ii) Nozzle angle (iii) Absolute velocity of steam issuing from the nozzle (iv) Axial
thrust.
Refer:”Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
3
(i) Explain the pressure lubrication system with a neat sketch. Nov/Dec
e xplain the bosch fuel injector with a neat sketch. 2016
Discuss the difference between theoretical and actual valve timing diagrams of a diesel Apr/May
engine. 2015
Explain the phenomena of knocking in diesel engines. What are the different factors which Apr/May
influence knocking? 2015
Write a note on lubrication system for an IC engine in detail with relevant sketches of various Nov/Dec
types. (16 Marks) 2015
Refer:”Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput, Page No:
9.
Nov-Dec Nov-
Explain how knocking taking place in S.I. engines and discuss the various 2010 Dec
factors which affect knocking in S.I engines. (16 Marks) Nov/Dec 2010
2006 (1) Nov/Dec
2006 (1)
.
PART-A
1.List out the components of reciprocating air compressor.
The components of reciprocating air compressor are,
i. Cylinder ii. Outlet valve iii. Piston
iv. Connecting rod v. Inlet valve
19. Why clearance is necessary and what is its effect on the performance of reciprocating compressor.
When the piston reaches top dead center in the cylinder, there is a dead space between piston top and
cylinder head. This space is known as clearance space and the volume occupied by this space is known as
clearance volume.
22. Name the methods adopted for increasing isothermal efficiency of reciprocating air
compressor.
Isothermal efficiency is increased by perfect internal cooling.
. Which type of compression is the best in reciprocating compressor?
Isothermal compression.
24. What are the factors that affect the volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating
compressor? (MAY’16)
1.Clearance volume. 2.Compression ratio.
25. Discuss the effect of clearance upon the performance of an air compressor.
The volumetric efficiency of air compressor increases with decreasing the clearance of the compressor.
The free air delivered by the compressor is increased by decreasing the clearance volume.
PART-B
A two-stage air compressor consists of three cylinders having the same bore and stroke.
The delivery pressure is 7 bar and the free air delivery is 4.3 m3/min. Air is drawn in at
May/June
1 1.013 bar , and 15OC and an intercooler cools the air to 38OC. The index of compression
2016
is 1.3 for all three cylinders. Neglecting clearance calculate, (i) the intermediate
pressure (ii) the power required to drive the compressor (iii) the isothermal efficiency
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
2
With a neat sketch, describe the construction and working of a single stage acting
May/June
2 reciprocating air compressor. Also derive the equation for work done with clearance and
2016
without clearance.
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
The FAD (free air delivered) of a single cylinder single stage air compressor is 2.5
m3/min. The ambient is at 20C and 1.013 bar and delivery pressure is 7 bar. The
clearance volume is 5% of the stroke volume and law of compression and expansion is Nov/Dec
3
PV1.25=C. Stroke length is 20% more than that of the bore.Compressor runs at 150 rpm. 2016
Determine the mass of air per second, indicated power, indicated mean effective
pressure and bore and stroke of the cylinder. (16 Marks)
Explain the construction and working principle of centrifugal compressor and axial flow Nov/Dec
4
compressor with neat sketches. 2016
.
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
A single acting, single stage air compressor delivers 0.6 kg of air per minute at 6 bar.
The temperature and pressure at the end of suction stroke are 30OC and 1 bar. The bore
and stroke of the compressor are 100 mm and 150 mm respectively. The clearance is April/May
5
3% of swept volume. Assuming the index of compression and expansion to be 1.3. Find 2015
(i) volumetric efficiency of the compressor (ii) power required if the mechanical
efficiency is 85% and (iii) speed of compressor (rpm).
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
In a single acting two stage reciprocating air compressor 4.5 kg of air per min. are
compressed from 1.013 bar and 15OC through a pressure ratio of 9 to 1. Both stage have
the same pressure ratio, and the law of compression and expansion in both stages is April/May
6
pV1.3=C. Calculate (i) the indicated power (ii) the cylinder swept volume required. 2015
Assume that the clearance volume of both stages are 5% of their respective swept
volumes and that the compressor runs at 300 rpm.
Refrigerants - Vapour compression refrigeration cycle- super heat, sub cooling – Performance ca
Types and Working Principles. - Concept of RSHF, GSHF, ESHF- Cooling Load calculations.
2. Define refrigerator.
A refrigerator is equipment which is used to remove heat continuously from space and maintain temperature be
9. What are the various sources of heat gain of an air conditioned space?
Solar gain through glass plates
Solar gain through roof and walls
Heat gain from occupants
Heat gain from appliances and lights.
Duck leakage
Infiltration
Vapour transmission
16. What are the various sources of heat gain of an air conditioned space?
1. Solar gain through glass plates
2. Solar gain through roof and walls
3. Heat gain from occupants
4. Heat gain from appliances and lights.
5. Duck leakage
6. Infiltration
7. Vapour transmission
17. State the effects of very high and a very low bypass factor.
Very high BPF:
a. Requires lower ADP. Refrigerant plant should be of larger capacity.
b. Requires more air. Larger fan and motor required.
c. Less heat transfer area.
d. Requires more chilling water. Larger piping required.
Very low BPF:
a. Higher ADP is to be employed.
b. Requires less air. Fan and motor size reduced.
21. What are the general comfort conditions during summer and winter?
Summer:
Inside temperature 24o±1oC
RH 50 – 60 %
Air movement 4.5 – 7.5 m / min.
Winter:
Inside temperature 20o±1oC
RH 35 – 40%
22. Differentiate between heat pump and refrigerator. (AU' MAY 2003)
Refrigeration may be defined as the process by which the temperature of a given space or a substance is lowere
1 Describe the following refrigeration systems with layout (i) Ammonia water system (ii) Lithium-br
A food storage locker requires a refrigeration capacity of 50 kW. It works between a condenser te
3
saturated vapour leaving the evaporator. Assuming a single cylinder, single acting compressor oper
(i) Explain the centralized air conditioning system with a neat sketch
4
(ii) 100 m3 of air per minute at 15OC DBT 80% RH is heated until its temperature is 22OC. Calcul
Saturated air leaving the cooling section of an air conditioning system at 14OC at a rate of 50 m3/m
6
atm, determine the specific humidity, the relative humidity, the dry-bulb temperature and the volum
.
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
An air conditioning plant is required to supply 50 m3 of air per minute at a DBT of 22OC and 50%
7
dehumidification and sensible cooling process. Also calculate sensible heat factor.
8
i) Explain the construction and working of vapour absorption refrigeration system with neat sketch
9
i) Explain the working principle of vapour absorption refrigeration system and compare it with vapour compressio
diagram for Freon 12, determine i) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant circulated. ii) the theoretical piston disp
condenser. (16 Marks)
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No:
10
Explain the construction and working of summer and winter air conditioning systems. (16 Marks)
Refer: “Thermal Engineering” by Dr.R.K.Rajput Page No: