Solutions to Assignment 1

1.
N = 150 turns, l = 0.3 m, d = 0.025 m, I = 25 A
NI 150 × 25
H =
= = 12500 A-t/m
l 0.3
B= µ0 H = (4π ×10−7 )(12500) = 0.0157 T = 15.7 mT
πd2 π (0.025) 2
a. =
A = = 4.91 × 10−4 m 2 , Φ = BA = (0.0157)(4.91 × 10−4=
) 7.707 × 10−6 Wb
4 4
λ = N Φ= (150)(7.707 × 10−6 )= 1.156 × 10−3 Wb-t
λ/I =
L= 1.156 × 10−3 / 25 =
46.2 μH

2.
µ r = 2500 , B = 1.25 T , N = 250 turns,
d o = 24 cm , di = 16 cm , d ave = 20 cm , rave = 10 cm

B 1.25
a. =
H = = 397.9 A-t/m
µr µ0 (2500)(4π × 10−7 )
NI =Hl =(397.9)(2π × 0.1) =250 A-t
=I 250
= / 250 1.0 A

b. Φ = (1.25)(π d 2 / 4)
= BA = (1.25)[π (0.04) 2 / 4]
= 1.57 ×10−3 Wb
= 1.57 mWb

lc − g l (2π )(0.1)
c. Rc = ≅ c = = 159,155 A-t/Wb
µA µ A (2500)(4π × 10−7 )[π (0.04) 2 / 4]
g 0.01
Rg =
= = 6,332,574 A-t/Wb
µ0 A (4π × 10 )[π (0.04) 2 / 4]
−7

Rt = Rc + Rg = 6, 491,729 A-t/Wb
NI = Rt Φ= Rt BA= (6, 491,729)(1.25)[π (0.04) 2 / 4]= 10,197 A-t
=I 10,197
= / 250 40.8 A

3.
gC 1=
= mm 0.001 m = , g A 2=mm 0.002 m , = 2
A 0.05= 2.5 × 10−3 m 2
N = 200 turns, R = 2.5 Ω
gC 0.001
a. =
RC = = 318,310 A-t/Wb
µ0 A (4π × 10 )(2.5 × 10−3 )
−7

Φ C = BA= (0.75)(2.5 × 10−3 )= 1.875 × 10−3 Wb

NI = RC Φ C = (318,310)(1.875 × 10−3 ) = 596.83 A-t
I = 596.83 / 200 = 2.984 A , V= RI = (2.5)(2.984) = 7.46 V
 gA 0.002
b. =
RA = = 636,620 A-t/Wb
µ0 A (4π × 10−7 )(2.5 × 10−3 )
NI 596.83
Φ A= = = 9.375 ×10−4 Wb= 0.9375 mWb
RA 636, 620
Φ B = Φ A + Φ C = 9.375 ×10−4 + 18.75 ×10−4 = 2.8125 ×10−3 Wb = 2.8125 mWb

4.
Φ1 + Φ 2 = Φ 3
Rg Φ3 Rg
F
=1 I1 Rg (Φ1 + Φ 3 )
N1=
Rg
F=
2 N 2 I=
2 Rg (Φ 2 + Φ 3 )
F1 Φ1 Φ2 F2
N1 I1 + N 2 I 2 = Rg ⋅ (3Φ 3 )
a.
N I + N2 I2
Φ3 = 1 1 Wb
3Rg
N1 I1 3F1 − F1 − F2 2 F1 − F2
=
Φ1 −=
Φ3 = Wb
Rg 3Rg 3Rg
F1 + F2 − 2 F1 + F2 2 F2 − F1
Φ 2 = Φ 3 − Φ1 = = Wb
3Rg 3Rg

b.
2 N12 I1
λ11 =N1Φ1 |I 2 =0
= Wb-turns
3Rg
2 N 22 I 2
λ22 =N 2 Φ 2 |I1 =0 = Wb-turns
3Rg
N N2 I2
N1Φ1 |I =0 =
λ12 = − 1 Wb-turns
1
3Rg
N NI
N 2 Φ 2 |I
λ21 = 2 =0
− 2 1 1 Wb-turns
=
3Rg

c.
λ11 2 N12
L=
11 = H
I1 3Rg
λ22 2 N 22
L=
22 = H
I2 3Rg

d.
 λ12 N1 N 2
L12 = = − H
I2 3Rg
λ21 N N
L21 = = L12
− 1 2 =
I1 3Rg

5.
F N=
= 1 I1 (80)(12)
= 960 A-t
Φ1 Φ2 Φ3
g1 5 × 10−3 R1 R3
R1 =
= = 7.958 × 106 A-t/Wb
µ0 A1 (4π × 10−7 )(5 × 10−4 )
R2
g2 5 × 10−3
R2 =
= = 7.958 × 106 A-t/Wb F
µ0 A2 (4π × 10−7 )(5 × 10−4 )

g3 10 × 10−3
R3
= = = 7.958 × 106 A-t/Wb
µ0 A3 (4π × 10−7 )(10 × 10−4 )
RR
Rt = R1 + 2 3 = 11.937 × 106 A-t/Wb
R2 + R3
N1 I1 960
Φ=1 = = 80.4 × 10−6 Wb
Rt 11.937 × 106
1
Φ 2 =Φ 3 = Φ1 =40.2 × 10−6 Wb
2
Now we can calculate the flux densities:
Φ1 80.4 × 10−6
Gap1: =
B1 = = 0.161 T
A1 5 × 10−4
Φ 2 40.2 × 10−6
Gap2: =
B2 = = 0.080 T
A2 5 × 10−4
Φ 3 40.2 × 10−6
Gap3: =
B3 = = 0.040 T
A3 10 × 10−4

6. The reference direction of the induced voltage e in the wire is parallel to the wire and is
showed in the diagram. The magnitude of the induced voltage in the wire is:
  
e =l ⋅ (v × B) =l ⋅ (v ⋅ B sin(90°)) cos(α ) =0.75(6 × 0.2) cos(α ) =0.9 cos(α )
 α=
0° 0.9 V
> e=
=
X X X X X X X
α=
45° = 0.9
> e= 0.64 V
= X X X X X
2 X X X X
The wire
X X X

α=
90° = 0V
> e= X X X X
α
X X X
X X X X X X
α =135° => e =− 0.9
V=6m/s
=−0.64 V X X X X X
2 X X X
The direction of the
X
induced voltage
α =180° => e =0.9 (−1) =−0.9 V X X X e X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
f = 1Hz = >ω = 2π f = 2π X X X X X X X

v(t ) 0.9 cos(2π t + α ) X X X X

= X X X

7. This is a design problem, and the answer presented here is not unique. Other values could be
selected for the flux density in part (a), and other numbers of turns could be selected in part
(c). These other answers are also correct if the proper steps were followed, and if the choices
were reasonable.

a. It is desired to build a machine with as great a flux density as possible while avoiding
excessive saturation of the core. From the above magnetization curve for the core we can see
that the reasonable maximum flux density for this core is about 1.2 T, and the corresponding
magnetic field density is about 250 A-t/m.

b. At a flux density of 1.2 T, the total flux in the core is

Φ= BA= 1.2 × 0.04 × 0.04= 0.00192 Wb

c. At a flux density of 1.2 T, the relative permeability μr of the stator is B/(H·μo)=1.2/(250·μo)
or approximately 3800, so the stator reluctance is

lstator 0.48
=
R stator = 62.8 ×103 (A-turns/Wb)
µ stator Astator 3800(4π ×10 )(0.04 × 0.04)
−7

At a flux density of 1.2 T, the relative permeability μr of the rotor is again 3800, so the rotor
reluctance is

lrotor 0.04
=
R rotor = 5.2 ×103 (A-turns/Wb)
µrotor Arotor 3800(4π ×10 )(0.04 × 0.04)
−7

The reluctance of both air gap 1 and air gap 2 is

lair 0.0005
R=
air1 =
R air2 = = 221×103 (A-turns/Wb)
µ0 Aair (4π ×10 )(0.0018)
−7

The total reluctance of the core is:

R TOT = R stator + R rotor + R air1 + R air2

= (62.8 + 5.2 + 221 + 221) ×103 =510 ×103 (A-turns/Wb)

3
= 0.00192 × 510 ×10
FTOT = ΦR TOT = 979 (A-turns)
FTOT = Ni
i =1A

The corresponding possible choice for the number of turns is N = 1000 turns.