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Lab Report Experiment 2 CHM 138

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to: 1) Calculate the moles of water (x) in barium chloride hydrate using percent composition. 2) Identify the molecular formula of compound A from its thermal decomposition properties. The experiment found x = 2 in BaCl2.xH2O, giving the formula as BaCl2.2H2O. Compound A was identified as CaSO4.2H2O based on its percent water composition of 23.5% matching closest to the 21% value of CaSO4.2H2O. Care was taken to clean equipment and precisely measure masses and temperatures during this experiment.

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Muhd Mirza Hizami
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4K views10 pages

Lab Report Experiment 2 CHM 138

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment to: 1) Calculate the moles of water (x) in barium chloride hydrate using percent composition. 2) Identify the molecular formula of compound A from its thermal decomposition properties. The experiment found x = 2 in BaCl2.xH2O, giving the formula as BaCl2.2H2O. Compound A was identified as CaSO4.2H2O based on its percent water composition of 23.5% matching closest to the 21% value of CaSO4.2H2O. Care was taken to clean equipment and precisely measure masses and temperatures during this experiment.

Uploaded by

Muhd Mirza Hizami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY REPORT

CHM 138
(BASIC CHEMISTRY)

NAME : Muhammad Mirza Hizami Bin Rajiei


STUDENT NO. : 2019289394
NAME OF PARTNERS : i) Jeremiah Baien
ii) Nightangel Jana
iii) Clement Soon
PROGRAMME : AS115
GROUP : 1A
NUMBER AND TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : EXPERIMENT 2 DETERMINATION OF
PERCENT COMPOSITION IN HYDRATE
COMPOUND

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 2 October 2019


DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION : 11 October 2019
NAME OF LECTURER : Norhasnan Bin Sahari
Laboratory Report Marking Scheme

Full Marks (to be filled by


Mark(s lecturer)
)
Objective of the Experiment
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Observations
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
Answers to Questions
References
Format
Total Marks
OBJECTIVES :

1. To calculate the mol of water (x) in barium chloride hydrate


(BaCl2.xH2O) using percent composition concept and the atomic mass.
2. To identify molecular formula of compound A from the thermal
decomposition.

INTRODUCTION :

Our purpose was to calculate the value of X in the chemical equation


CuSO4 ∙ XH2O using our knowledge of percent composition. The
only information we were given was that the value of X is somewhere
between one and ten which indicates the number of water molecules
there are that hydrate the copper (II) sulfate solid.

CuSO4. 5H2O(s) CuSO4 (s) + 5H2O (g)

Hydrate salt Anhydrous salt + water

To solve this problem, find the mass of the hydrated solid and then
compare it to the mass of the anhydrous solid to figure out the
percent composition of water in the CuSO4 ∙ XH2O which will
eventually lead to the number of moles represented by X in the
chemical equation.

Total mass of hydrate salt = mass of the anhydrous salt + mass of waters of
hydration

The percent mass of water in the hydrate may also be easily calculated using
a formula:
Percentage of water = mass of water loss/mass of sample x 100
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE :

1. A crucible and lid is obtained. The crucible is cleaned and it


checked for any stress cracks, fractures or fissures before use.
( If the crucible is dirty, the apparatus is moved to the hood
and 1-2mL of 6M HNO3 and it gently evaporated to dryness
then inspect the crucible after cooling for any defects. If no
defects are found the crucible and lid should supported on a
clay triangle ).
2. An initial mass of the crucible and lid is recorded.
3. The crucible and lid are heated gently for 5 minutes with an
intense flame until the bottom of the crucible has become red.
The crucible and lid is allowed to cool on the clay triangle
before proceed the experiment.
4. The mass of the “ fired ” cool crucible and lid are determined.
Then it recorded. Step 2 is repeated until you have two
crucible and lid mass readings that differ by no more than
10mg or 0.010g.
5. Hydrated salt with mass between 1.5g and 2.0g is added to the
crucible and the combined mass of the crucible , lid and salt is measured and
recorded
6. The crucible is placed with the sample on the clay triangle.
With the lid slightly jar, the sample is heated slowly for 2
minutes and drastically the sample is heated at high
temperature for 10 minutes. The crucible is covered once the
heat is removed and cooling is allowed at room temperature in
desiccators. The mass of the crucible , lid and anhydrous salt
is recorded using the same analytical balance as used in the
earlier steps.
7. The sample is reheated for an additional 2 minutes with intense
heat. The combined mass of the crucible , lid and anhydrous
salt is weighed and continue repeating this process until two
concurrent reading within 10mg of each other were obtained.
8. This procedure is applied for compound A.

RESULTS :

DATA :

a. Determination of Percent Water in Barium Chloride Hydrate


(BaCl2.xH2O)

Mass of empty crucible and lid 31.4296 g

First Heating 31.4182 g

Second Heating 31.4203 g


Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate 33.3681 g
before heating

Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate after, 31.6723 g


1) First heating

2) Second heating 31.6721 g

3) Third heating 31.6722 g

b. Determination of Water Composition and Molecular Formula of


Compound A.

Crucible and lid

Mass of empty crucible and lid 31.7811 g

First Heating 31.366 g

Second Heating 31.1388 g

Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate 33.3618 g


before heating

Mass of crucible + lid + hydrate after, 32.1528 g


1) First heating

2) Second heating 32.1526 g

3) Third heating 32.1527 g


CALCULATION :

a. Determination of Percent Water in Barium Chloride Hydrate


(BaCl2.xH2O)

1. Mass of BaCl2.xH2O.
33.3681 g – 31.4296 g = 1.9385 g

2. Mass of barium chloride anhydrous.


33.3681 g – 31.6723 g = 1.6956 g

3. Mass of water in BaCl2.xH2O.


1.9385 g – 1.6956 g = 0.2429 g

4. Percentage composition of water in BaCl2.xH2O.


0.2429 × 100 = 12.53%
1.9385

5. Formula of barium chloride hydrate

Number of moles of BaCl2 = Mass/molar mass

Molecular mass of BaCl2 = 208.23 g/mol


Number of moles of BaCl2 = 1.2956 g/208.23 g/mol
Number of moles of BaCl2 = 0.00622 mol

Number of moles of H2O = Mass/molar mass

Molecular mass of H2O = 18 g/mol


Number of moles of H2O = 0.2429/18 g/mol
Number of moles of H2O = 0.01349 mol

Ratio: 0.01349 mol/ 0.00622 mol


Ratio = 2.16

Therefore, the value of x is equal to 2.


The correct molecular formula is BaCl2.2H2O
b. Determination of Water Composition and Molecular Formula of
Compound.

1. Mass of compound A : 33.3618 g – 31.7811 g = 1.5807 g

2. Mass of Compound A anhydrous : 33.3618 g – 32.1528 g = 1.209 g

3. Mass of water in Compound A : 1.5807 g – 1.209 g = 0.3717 g

4. Percentage composition of Compound A :


0.3717 × 100 % = 23.5 %
1.5807

5. Identification of Compound A ( compare your results to the nearest


percent composition of water in hydrated listed ).
Li2SO4.H2O, MgSO4.7H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, SrCl2.6H2O, CaSO4.2H2O.

Percentage composition of water of hydrates :


= ( molar mass H2O) x 100%
Molar mass of hydrates.

Percentage composition of water in Li2SO4.H2O


= 18 × 100% = 14.06%
2(7) +32 +4(16)+18

Percentage composition of water in MgSO4.7H2O.


= 7(18) × 100% = 51.2%
24 +32 +4(16)+7(18)

Percentage composition of water in SrCl2.6H2O


= 6(18) × 100% = 40.6%
88+2(35)+6(18)
Percentage composition of water in FeSO4.7H2O,
= 7(18) × 100% = 44.8%
59 +32 +4(16)+7(18)
Percentage composition of CaSO4.2H2O :
= 2( molar mass H2O) x 100%
Molar mass of CaSO4.2H2O.

= 2(18) x 100%
40+32+64+2(18)

= 21 %

The percentage of compound A ( 23.5% ) is nearer to the percentage of


hydrates
( 21 %) . So, the compound A is CaSO4.2H2O

DISCUSSION:

Based on the experiments, we expected to the mass of empty crucible


and mass of an empty crucible before and after heating. This is important
due to calculate the percentage of composition water in BaCl2.xH2O.
Unfortunately, the percentage of composition of water in BaCl2.xH2O
(14.9%) is slightly difference to the expected percentage of composition
of water in BaCl2.2H2O (14.8%). For compound A , the percentage of
compositon of water in Compound A (23.5%) is nearer to the percentage
of composition of water in CaSO4.2H2O (21%). So, we identified
compound A as CaSO4.2H2O.
Make sure we clean the crucible and check for any stress cracks. We also
must obey the time given when heating and cooling crucible. When
reading the temperature, the eye must be perpendicular to the scale. We
also must use the same analytical balance to get more accuracy of mass.
Then, repeat the experiment to get average of mass and reading.

Conclusion:
Based on the experiment, we found that the mol of water in Barium
Chloride Hydrate using present composition concept and the atomic
mass.
Question :

a) Give the reason why the empty crucible should heated before starting the
experiment?
To make sure no cracks at the crucible and also to remove any moisture
present in the crucible by the process of heating which is it absorb any
water from crucible.

b) Why the process of heating hydrate compound should be started slowly


first?
To make sure the salt at crucible will not burned and to avoid the water
from the salt be dehydrate faster.

c) What is the important of percent composition of water in the hydrate


compounds?
To calculate the mol of water use in the composition.

References:

1. https://www.scribd.com/document/236589245/Lab-Report-Chemist-
Chapter-2-nEW
2. https://slideplayer.com/slide/15156825/

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