Features of Java

The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it

portable, simple and secure programming language. Apart from this, there
are also some excellent features which play an important role in the
popularity of this language. The features of Java are also known as java
buzzwords.

A list of most important features of Java language is given below.

1. Simple

2. Object-Oriented

3. Portable

4. Platform independent

5. Secured

6. Robust

7. Architecture neutral

8. Interpreted

9. High Performance
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10. Multithreaded
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 11. Distributed

12. Dynamic

Features of Java - Javatpoint

Simple

Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to
understand. According to Sun, Java language is a simple programming
language because:

Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to learn it

after C++).

Java has removed many complicated and rarely-used features, for

example, explicit pointers, operator overloading, etc.

There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because there is an

Automatic Garbage Collection in Java.

Object-oriented

Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an

object. Object-oriented means we organize our software as a combination of
different types of objects that incorporates both data and behavior.

Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology that simplifies

software development and maintenance by providing some rules.

Basic concepts of OOPs are:

1. Object

2. Class

3. Inheritance

4. Polymorphism
⇧
5. Abstraction /
 6. Encapsulation

Platform Independent

Java is platform independent because it is different from other languages like

C, C++, etc. which are compiled into platform specific machines while Java is
a write once, run anywhere language. A platform is the hardware or software
environment in which a program runs.

There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based. Java

provides a software-based platform.

The Java platform differs from most other platforms in the sense that it is a
software-based platform that runs on the top of other hardware-based
platforms. It has two components:

1. Runtime Environment

2. API(Application Programming Interface)

Java code can be run on multiple platforms, for example, Windows, Linux,
Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc. Java code is compiled by the compiler and
converted into bytecode. This bytecode is a platform-independent code
because it can be run on multiple platforms, i.e., Write Once and Run
Anywhere(WORA).

Secured

Java is best known for its security. With Java, we can develop virus-free
systems. Java is secured because:
⇧
No explicit pointer
/
 Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox

Classloader: Classloader in Java is a part of the Java Runtime

Environment(JRE) which is used to load Java classes into the Java
Virtual Machine dynamically. It adds security by separating the
package for the classes of the local file system from those that are
imported from network sources.

Bytecode Verifier: It checks the code fragments for illegal code that
can violate access right to objects.

Security Manager: It determines what resources a class can access

such as reading and writing to the local disk.

Java language provides these securities by default. Some security can also
be provided by an application developer explicitly through SSL, JAAS,
Cryptography, etc.

Robust

Robust simply means strong. Java is robust because:

It uses strong memory management.

There is a lack of pointers that avoids security problems.

There is automatic garbage collection in java which runs on the Java

Virtual Machine to get rid of objects which are not being used by a
Java application anymore.

There are exception handling and the type checking mechanism in

Java. All these points make Java robust.

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/
Architecture-neutral

Java is architecture neutral because there are no implementation dependent

features, for example, the size of primitive types is fixed.

In C programming, int data type occupies 2 bytes of memory for 32-bit

architecture and 4 bytes of memory for 64-bit architecture. However, it
occupies 4 bytes of memory for both 32 and 64-bit architectures in Java.

Portable

Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry the Java bytecode to any
platform. It doesn't require any implementation.

High-performance

Java is faster than other traditional interpreted programming languages

because Java bytecode is "close" to native code. It is still a little bit slower
than a compiled language (e.g., C++). Java is an interpreted language that
is why it is slower than compiled languages, e.g., C, C++, etc.

Distributed

Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create distributed

applications in Java. RMI and EJB are used for creating distributed
applications. This feature of Java makes us able to access files by calling the
methods from any machine on the internet.

Multi-threaded

A thread is like a separate program, executing concurrently. We can write

Java programs that deal with many tasks at once by defining multiple
threads. The main advantage of multi-threading is that it doesn't occupy
memory for each thread. It shares a common memory area. Threads are
important for multi-media, Web applications, etc.

Dynamic

Java is a dynamic language. It supports dynamic loading of classes. It means

classes are loaded on demand. It also supports functions from its native
languages, i.e., C and C++.

Java supports dynamic compilation and automatic memory management

(garbage collection).
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