Base Plate Design - Hilti
Base Plate Design - Hilti
Base Plate Design - Hilti
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AGENDA
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BASE PLATE COMPLETES THE LOAD PATH
• Base plate is the interface of the steel structure to the
foundation.
• base plate takes the load from the column (welds) and
distributes it to the anchor bolts.
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AGENDA
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BASE PLATE NOT CHECKED CURRENTLY IN PROFIS
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AGENDA
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SIGNIFICANCE OF AISC DESIGN GUIDE
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AISC DESIGN GUIDE 1, DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Elastic base plate behavior = Linear base plate behavior = RIGID base plate
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PLATE BENDING AS DEFINED IN AISC DESIGN GUIDE 1
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UNDERSTANDING AISC DESIGN GUIDE 1 PROCEDURE
• An analytical (algebra based) solution to determine the required base plate thickness for the given loading
condition and calculate the forces on anchors.
• Design Guide 1, provides design guidelines under the following types of loading condition:
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BASE PLATE DESIGN WITH CONCENTRIC COMPRESSIVE
AXIAL LOADS AND MOMENTS - STEP BY STEP DESIGN
• Axial Load and a Small Moment • Axial Load and a Large moment
• Step1. Calculate factored loads and select a Bpl size per • Step1. Calculate factored loads and select a Bpl size per
OSHA guide line. OSHA guide line.
• Step2. Determine (e) and (ecrit) • Step2. Determine (e) and (ecrit)
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AXIAL LOAD AND A SMALL MOMENT
Axial Load and a Small Moment Axial Load and a Large Moment
• , , , , ,
• Step 3. Determine bearing length Y, • Step 3. check the inequality 3.4.4 for a real solution for Y
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CALCULATION OF THE NEUTRAL AXIS
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BASE PLATE DESIGN WITH CONCENTRIC COMPRESSIVE
AXIAL LOADS AND MOMENTS - STEP BY STEP DESIGN
Axial Load and a Small Moment Axial Load and a Large Moment
• Step 4. (contd) Step 4. (contd)
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LETS DO AN EXAMPLE
• Input Parameters:
• Column: HSS12x12x1/4 Fy = 36ksi, F.u=58ksi
• Base plate size : L=20.5in, W=20.5in, t (thickness)=1.5in , Fy = 36ksi, F.u=58ksi
• Concrete strength: 4 ksi
• Factored (LRFD) Loads :
1. P.u = 60 kip (Axial Compression)
2. V.uz = 20kip (Strong axis shear)
3. M.uz = 88 kip*ft (Strong axis moment)
• Anchor size:
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AGENDA
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WHY IS THE BEHAVIOR OF THE BASE PLATE
IMPORTANT?
• Rigid base plate is a theoretical assumption, used to simplify calculation.
• However, in reality, the load distribution to anchors is highly influenced by factors such as loading, profile,
anchors, concrete and plates themselves.
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POSSIBLE NON-RIGID BASE PLATES
• 1. Ledger Angle 2. HILTI MQP 2172 3. Non Structural Components (seismic)
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CONSEQUENCES OF A NON RIGID BASE PLATE ASSUMPTION
• Anchor design:
– US Steel Design Specifications (AISC 360) allow use of non-rigid base plates for obtaining anchor loads.
– ACI 318 only permits anchorage design based on rigid base plate assumptions only. Therefore the anchors of non-rigid
base plates cannot be designed per ACI 318.
• SLS considerations
– Non-rigid base plates tend to show more deflection than rigid base plates. Engineers need to consider this for designs
that are governed by a deflection criteria.
– Example: cantilever canopy
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INCREASED ANCHOR LOADS AS A RESULT OF NON RIGID
BASE PLATE
• Increase of anchor forces because of prying • Reduction of lever arm in case of bending
– Prying forces can add significant additional tension on – Reduced lever arm leads to higher anchor forces
the anchors compared to rigid!
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NON RIGID VS RIGID BASE PLATE BEHAVIOR & TERMINOLOGY
Elastic base plate behavior = Linear base plate behavior = RIGID base plate
Inelastic base plate behavior = Non-Linear base plate behavior = Non RIGID/ flexible base plate
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HOW TO STUDY AND ANALYZE NON RIGID BASE PLATES?
• RIGID base plate behavior was linear and only algebra was needed to analyze the behavior.
• As plate behavior becomes non linear, it requires a non linear / complex solution to determine strength of the
plate.
• Non Linear behavior cannot be solved by simple beam equations. Finite element analysis (FEA or FEM) is
the preferred methodology.
• The structure/ plate is divided into discretized elements.
• Applied load is transferred from the point of application to the fixed
boundary via the elements.
• Load transfer takes place based on the STIFFNESS of elements.
• Elements transfer forces at NODES.
• Results are obtained in the form of Stress and Strains.
• The more the structure is discretized, the more exact the solution.
• Hand Calculation therefore impossible.
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VARIOUS TYPES OF ELEMENTS FOR FEM ANALYSIS
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MATRIX ALGEBRA BEHIND THE SCENES OF FEM
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EXAMPLE OF DISCRETIZATION
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FEM AND CBFEM
• CBFEM is your traditional Finite Element Analysis made easy.
• Traditionally FEM is used to perform load analysis. Beams and Columns are modeled using a 1D element
with the proper stiffness and forces are computed at the nodes. Nodes are the connections.
• A node is then detailed separately with the forces obtained from the FEM.
• Using CBFEM, connections are analyzed and detailed right then and there..
• No separate hand calc or extra analysis/ 2nd software is needed.
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CBFEM FOR BASE PLATE DESIGN
PROFIS Engineering models the base plate using CBFEM – component based finite element method and a non-linear
analysis. The components – AISC Column section, stiffeners, welds, plate, anchors and concrete – are modeled as below:
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STEEL MODELED AS 2D SHELL ELEMENTS
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CONCRETE MODELED WITH COMPRESSION SPRING
• The connection between the concrete and the plate resists compression only.
• Stiffness (k) of the concrete block may be predicted as an elastic hemisphere.
• It is determined using modulus of elasticity of concrete and effective height of a
subsoil model:
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MODELING OF WELDS
• Load is transmitted through welds using force –deformation constraints.. (like springs)
• This connection is called Multi Point Constraint (MPC).
• Relates the FEM nodes of one plate edge to another.
• These nodes are not connected directly.
• A midline surface of the connected plates is modeled with an offset.
• This represents the real weld configuration and throat thickness.
• Based on the load distribution at the connected plate, stresses are
calculated in the throat section.
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CBFEM – WELD EXAMPLES
Fillet weld around the profile Fillet weld on flanges – no welding on web
Concrete stress Concrete stress
fc fc
0MPa 0MPa
base plate subjected to compression - butt welding Fillet weld on web – no welding on flanges
Concrete stress Concrete stress
fc fc
0MPa 0MPa
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MESHING
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CONFIRM IF YOUR BASE PLATE IS CLOSE TO RIGID?
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PLASTIC STRAIN LIMIT
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LETS DO AN EXAMPLE
• Input Parameters:
• Column: W 12 x 40 Fy = 36ksi, F.u=58ksi
• Base plate size : L=20in, W=20in, t (thickness)=0.5in , Fy = 36ksi, F.u=58ksi
• Concrete strength: 2.5 ksi
• Factored (LRFD) Loads :
1. P.u = 200 kip (Axial Compression)
2. V.uz = 0kip (Strong axis shear)
3. M.uz = 80 kip*ft (Strong axis moment)
• Anchor size:
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QUESTIONS?
Arif Shahdin
Software Product Manager
PROFIS Engineering – Register now for the extended trial until August 1st
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