Systems Analysis and Design, 9e (Kendall!

Kendall) Chapter 6 Agile Modeling and Prototyping

6.1 Multiple Choice
1) Which prototype includes only some, but not all, of the components of the final system? A) first-of-a-
series prototype
B) selected features prototype
C) nonworking scale model
D) patched-up prototype Answer: B
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2) Which kind of prototyping is most similar to what engineers call "bread boarding"? A) first full-scale
model
B) model bearing some essential features
C) nonworking scale model
D) patched-up prototype Answer: D
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3) A patched-up prototype is likely to be: A) controversial.
B) inefficient. C)
nonworking. D)
standardized.
Answer: B
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4) Which of these is a potential disadvantage of prototyping? A) ineffective for helping users articulate
requirements
B) shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood C) more expensive than the traditional
SDLC
D) slower development than the traditional SDLC Answer: B
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5) Which of these is not a guideline for developing a prototype? A) Build the system slowly and carefully.
B) Modif y the prototype in successive iterations.
C) Emphasize the user interface.
D) Work in manageable modules. Answer: A
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6) Which of these is not an advantage of prototyping?

A) affords opportunity to change the system early in its development
B) buffers users against computer malfunctioning
C) helps prevent the adoption of inadequate systems
D) presents more opportunities to improve the user's needs and expectations Answer: B
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7) Which of these is not a way users can be expected to help in prototyping? A) experimenting "lliith the
prototype
B) giving open reactions to the prototype
C) providing the necessary technical expertise for interfacing \vith the database D) suggesting possible
deletions to the prototype
Answer: C
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8) The agile approach is based on: A) values.
B) principles.
C) practices.
D) All of the above. Answer: D
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9) Systems that require constant updating and technical design are prone to which kind of error? A)
miscommunication
B) design
C) coding
D) documentation Answer: A
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10) Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling? A) communication
B) technical skill
C) simplicity
D) courage
Answer: B
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11) Which of the following is not a basic activity of agile development? A) coding
B) listening
C) documenting
D) designing
Answer: C
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12) Which of the following can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or
unshaped?
A) testing
B) documenting
C) scope
D) coding
Answer: D
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13) When doing pair programming, which person(s) chooses a partner programmer? A) the
programmers
B) management
C) the project leaders
D) the project team Answer: A
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14) In agile development on written communication. A) design
B) documentation
C) f eedback
D) stories
Answer: D
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are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not
15) Which of the following is a core practice of the agile approach? A) A 40-hour work week.
B) Outsource all complex modules.
C) Stick to the plan, even if it is behind schedule.
D) Programmers should be assigned individual programs based upon their ability. Answer: A
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16) Which of the following statements is l1ll.t a principle of agile modeling? A) "Travel light."
B) "Model with a
purpose." C) "Code for
tomorrow."
D) "Software is your primary goal." Answer: C
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17) Which of the following is not a component of the Serum methodology? A) product backlog
B) daily serum
C) spring
D) demo
Answer: C
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18) Based on their study of a group of programmers, the best programmers are _______ times more
productive than the worst ones.
A) one to two
B) three to five
C) four to eight
D) five to ten
Answer: D
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19) Making all product release deadlines imminent
A) creates too much programmer stress and should be avoided if at all possible. B) pushes a reallstic
expectation for completion to the fore.
C) usually results in minimally functional software.
D) actually slows doKn project development because of numerous avoidable errors.Answer: B
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20) It has been noted that dividing up groups and setting up barriers often introduces: A) scrum.
B) dysfunctional pair-programming teams.
C) errors.
D) redundant code for modules. Answer: C
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21) Building a __________ of information systems is a useful technique for quickly gathering information
requirements.
A) prototy'Pe
B) system design
C) lif ecycle
D) maintenance agreement Answer: A
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22) A system that has all necessary features but is ineffident is an example of a _ prototype.
A) patched-up
B) nonoperational
C) first-of-series
D) selected features Answer: A
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23) A regional blood inventory system that is instituted in one regional hospital with plans to
install the system in the remaining hospitals is an example of a A) first-of-series
B) patched-up
C) nonoperational
D) seleded features Answer: A
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prototype.
24) A system for which only input and output are prototyped is called a _ A) first-of-series
B) patched-up
C) nonoperational
D) selected features Answer: C
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25) An example of
if it flies before building a second. A) first-of-series
B) patched-up
C) nonoperational
D) seleded features
Answer: A
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26) An example of
used in \vind tunnel tests. A) first-of-series
B) patched-up
C) nonoperational
D) seleded features Answer: C
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prototyping is building a full-scale model of an automobile that is
protot}-ping is building the first airplane of a series and then seeing
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27) An example of protot)-ping is programming a working model that has all the necessary features but
is inefficient.
A) first-of-series
B) patched-up
C) nonoperational
D) selected features Answer: B
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28) One distinct advantage of protot)-ping is that it is not necessary or desirable to build for prototype
purposes.
A) small parts of a system B) any parts of a system
C) a system diagram
D) an entire working system Answer: D
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29) An advantage of prototyping is tied to the fact ihat user A) requirements
B) needs
C) populations
D) feelings
Answer: A
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30) The first step of prototy-ping is to estimate the modules.
A) time
B) programmers
C) costs
D) skills
Answer: C
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31) When prototyping, it is essential that analysts work in A) manageable
B) small
C) large
D) global
Answer: A
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change over time.
involved for building system
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32) software, such as Microsoft products or PeopleSoft may be used for prototyping. A) POTS
B) COTS
C) DOTS
D) MOTS
Answer: B
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33) Users' roles in prototyping can be summed up in two words: honest _ A) engagement
B) interaction
C) involvement
D) exchange
Answer: C
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34) It is the responsibility of the workable systems.
A) user
B) analyst
C) facilitator
D) Manager
Answer: B
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35) In the agile approach, write down their stories. A) scope
B) perspective
C) whiteboarding
D) feedback
Answer: A
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to translate suggestions and innovations into
is determined by listening to customers and getting them to
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6.2 True/False
1) Prototyping is best applied late in the systems development life cycle. Answer: FALSE
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2) Prototyping is very useful for eliciting user suggestions about changing the prototyped system.
Answer: TRUE
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3) User reactions to prototyping can be gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires.
Answer: TRUE
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4) A disadvantage of prototyping is the relatively large expense associated with redirecting system plans.
Answer: FALSE
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5) A prototype that works but is inefficient is referred to as a "first-of-a-series prototype." Answer:
FALSE
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6) Some prototypes are nonworking models. Answer: TRUE
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7) Prototypes that are full-scaled and installed at one location with the intention of later
implementation at other locations are referred to as "selected f eatures prototypes." Answer: FALSE
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8) Prototyping may be used as a replacement for the systems development life cycle. Answer: TRUE
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9) One reason that prototyping is useful is that user requirements are likely to change over time.
Answer: TRUE
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10) An advantage of prototyping is that systems will be more thoroughly understood before the system
is shaped.
Answer: FALSE
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11) Projects that are subject to constant updating. are prone to miscommunication. Answer: TRUE
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12) Agile projects should begin with the simplest possible tasks. Answer: TRUE
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13) Feedback gives the analyst the strength to be able to throw out code and rethink solutions. Answer:
FALSE
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14) Source code is the basis for a living system. Answer: TRUE
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15) In agile development, onsite customers write stories and communicate to team members. Answer:
TRUE
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16) Pair programming means that you work with another programmer assigned by management or the
team leader.
Answer: FALSE
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17) User stories in agile development are on spoken interaction between developers and users, not on
written communication.
Answer: TRUE
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18) Analysts can best reflect all of the four values through an attitude of humility. Answer: TRUE
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19) The word agile in agile modeling implies maneuverability. Answer: TRUE
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20) Pair programming means that ownership of the design or sof tware itself is shared as in a
partnership.
Answer: TRUE
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21) A risk to the adoption of agile methodologies for organizations is the cost involved in education and
training of systems analysts and programmers in the new approach. Answer: TRUE
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22) Agile methods are a collection of innovatiYe, user-centered approaches to systems development.
Answer: TRUE
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23) The agile approach is based on values, prindples, and practices.Answer: FALSE
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24) Feedback occurs when customers create functional tests for all of the stories that the programmers
have subsequently implemented.
Answer: TRUE
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25) Values can be used to communicate ideas that would otherwise remain fuzzy or unshaped. Answer:
FALSE
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26) Pair programming means that you work ''ith another programmer of your owo choosing. Answer:
TRUE
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27) One of the lessons learned from agile development is that short releases allow systems to
communicate.
Answer: FALSE
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28) Analysts can best reflect all of the four values of agile modeling through an attitude of assertiveness.
Answer: FALSE
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29) A 60-hour work week improves eff ectiveness.Answer: FALSE
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30) Scrum is an agile approach based on rugby. Answer: TRUE
Diff : 3 Page Ref: 166
31) The agile philosophy suggests that system developers create a series of deadlines for many releases
of the system.
Answer: TRUE
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32) Timeboxing is used in agile methodologies to encourage completion of activities in shorter periods.
Answer: TRUE
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33) The adoption of agile methodologies carries with it the risk that systems created with them will not
be successful or will not adequately interface with legacy systems. Answer: TRUE
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34) A great example of a first-of-series prototype would be constructing a full scale model of a new type
of car to be used for testing in a wind tunnel.
Answer: FALSE
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6.3 Sho1tAnswer
1) What are the four values of agile modeling?
Answer: The four values are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 157
2) What are the four kinds of prototyping? Answer:
1. Patched-up prototype
2. Non operational prototype 3. Selected features prototype 4. First-of-a-series prototype Diff: 2 Page
Ref: 151
3) Which type of prototyping would you recommend for an organization with multiple locations around
the world, each with similar needs? Why would you choose this method? Answer: First-of-a-series
prototyping would be useful when many installations of the same system are planned.
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4) What are the reasons for why some analysts argue that prototyping should be considered an
alternative to the Sof tware Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
Answer: The first concern is the extended time required to go through the development life cycle. As the
investment of analyst time increases, the cost of the delivered system rises proportionately. The second
concern about using the SDLC is that user requirements change over time, so during the long interval
between the time that user requirements are analyzed and the time that the finished system is
delivered, user requirements are evolving.
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5) What are the four main guidelines that must be observed when integrating prototyping into the
requirements determination phase of the SDLC?
Answer:
1. Work in manageable modules.
2. Build the prototype rapidly.
3. Modify the prototype in successive iterations. 4. Stress the user interf ace.
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