TOPIC: GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY
 THE STUDY OF STATISTICS SUCH AS BIRTHS, DEATHS, INCOME, OR THE INCIDENCE OF DISEASE
WHICH ILLUSTRATE THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF HUMAN POPULATIONS.
 Additional inputs:
 Birth – (fertility) refers to the actual production of offspring
 Death – (mortality) is the condition of being dead.
 The highest fertility rate is Niger with an average of 6.49 children per woman.
 The lowest fertility rate is Macau with .86 children per woman
 Philippines has a total fertility rate of 2.9 and the highest in the ASEAN region.
 The highest mortality rate is Lesotho with 15 dead person per 1000 population.
 The lowest mortality rate is Qatar with 1.5 dead person per 1000. population.
 The lowest infant mortality rate today is Japan with 1.9 infant per 1000 babies as of 2017, that is
why it is favorable country for infant health.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
 IS A SINGULAR HISTORICAL PERIOD DURING WHICH MORTALITY AND FERTILITY RATES
DECLINE FROM HIGH TO LOW LEVELS IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY OR REGION.
 THE BOARD OUTLINES OF THE TRANSITION ARE SIMILAR IN COUNTRIES AROUND THE
WORLD, BUT THE PACE AND TIMING OF THE TRANSITION HAVE VARIED CONSIDERABLY.
 Transition – is the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to
another.
Demographic Transition Model Stage
 Stage 1 Pre Transition
 Characterized by high Rates, and high fluctuating death rates
 Stage 2 Early Transition
 During early stages of the transition, the death rate begins to fall.
 Stage 3 Late Transition
 Birth rates start to decline. The rate of population growth decelerates.
 Stage 4 Post transition
 Post –transitional societies are characterized by low birth and low death
rates.
 Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline
 Stage 5
 Rising again in birth rate, low in death rate, slow and stable increase in population

Demographic Transition Characteristics:

 Birth
 Death
 Migration
 Race
 Ethnic
Transition period
 TRANSITION STARTED IN MID OR LATE 1700’s in EUROPE.
 During that time, death rates and mortality rates began to decline.
 High to low fertility happened 200 years in France.
 High to low Fertility happened 100 years in America.
And in other part of the world, the transition began later
 It was only twentieth Century, the mortality decline in Africa and Asia with the
exemption in Japan.
 Fertility decline in Asia did not begin until the 1950’s and so on.
 According to Maddison (2001)
 Life Expectancy in India was only 24 years in the early twentieth Century while the
same life expectancy occurred in China 1929 to 1931.
 The life expectancy in India during British rule was 32 years.
www.meritnation.com
 The life expectancy in India in 1960 increased to 41.17 years combined
sexes. www.countryeconomy.com/india
 The current life expectancy in India year 2019 is 69
years.www.hindibusinessline.com
 China’s life expectancy in the year 1949 was 35 -40 years to 65.5 years in
1980 is among the most rapid sustained increases in documented global
history (Banister and Preston 1981; Ashton et al. 1984; Coale 1984; Jamison
1984; Banister 1987; Ravallion 1997; Bannister and hill 2004.)
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.com
 China’s current life expectancy is 76.79 years, a 0.22% increase from 2018
which was 76.62 years. www.macrotrend.net/china
Additional inputs:
 Life expectancy – is an average, a particular person may die many years before or
many years after the “ expected” survival.
 Life expectancy – often abbreviated to LEB, is a statistical measure of the average time
an organism is expected to live.
 The country with the highest life expectancy in the year 2015 is Monaco at 89.52 years.
 The country with the lowest life expectancy in the year 2015 is Chad at 49.81 years
and later overcome by the Swaziland in the year 2017 49 years.
 Source: the world: life expectancy (2019)
 The life expectancy in the Philippines in the year 2016 is 69.09 years
 Source : worldbank
Reasons of Decline in mortality rate specifically in Africa and Asia region
 Control of Epidemics
 Urbanization of population
 More medical facilities
 Spread of education
 Late marriage
 Control over famine
 Balance diet
Causes of high mortality rate before and after 1700’s.
 Pandemics – is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region; for instance
multiple continents or eve the world.
 AIDS – 36 million. HIV/ AIDS was first recognized at a disease in the early
1980’s. Originated in Africa and transmitted in USA through Haiti.
 Cholera – 40 million. pandemics struck since 1800’s, and this day continue
to affect millions of people. Big Cholera pandemics in China , Russia and
India that leads to death almost 40 million people.
 Influenza – 50 million. Estimated the total death toll from 1918 flu
pandemic.
  Plague- 240 million. One of the deadliest epidemics in the world, the
black Death is said to beto have killed almost of the population in Europe
between 1346 and 1350 – with the highest death figure reported at 200
million.
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 Smallfox -500 million. Had been prevalent 16 century
 Tuberculosis – 1 billion . Leading causes of adult mortality in the world
today, killing between 1.5 million to 2 million people every year.
 Source: www.business.co.za
 According to Shigeyuke et al. (2002) page 250
 In the case of Japan. It was until 1930’s that “total fertility rate did not drop below five births per
woman”. This resulted in rapid population growth after the Second World War , affecting the age
structure of Asia and the developing world. Specifically in the baby boom in the developing
country was caused by the decline of infant and child mortality rates.
 The west , on the other hand, experienced baby boom that resulted from arising birth rates.
 A remarkable effect of the demographic transition stated, is “the enormous gap in life expectancy
that emerged between Japan and the West on the other hand and the rest of the world .
 In 1820, the life expectancy at birth at Japan and the West was 12 years greater than that of other
countries. It increases by 20 years in 1900. although there was an improvement in life expectancy
throughout the world in 1900-1950, the gap had reached 22 years.

The World Population (shigeyuki et at. 2002 pg. 252

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 During 19 century, Europe and the West had an increased in share in the World’s
population, from 22.0 percent to 33.00 percent, while Oceania and Asia’s contribution
dropped from 69.0 percent to 56.7 percent.
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 There was a reverse in global population shares during the 20 century as Africa, Asia,
Latin America and Oceania had high level of population growth rates.
 Between 1820 and 1980, 69.63 percent of the worlds population growth occurred in
Europe and Western offshoots. Between 1950 and 2000 however, only 11.7 percent
occurred in that region.
 The United Nation projected that population growth will be shifted toward Africa. It is
estimated that by 2150, the regions’ share to the world population will be almost 20
percent, relatively much greater than its share in 1820 (7%) and in 1990 (6%). Also in
2150, there will be a projected increase of two billion if we combine the population of
Asia, Latin America and Oceania.
Current World Population
 The current world population is 7.7 Billion as of October 2019 according to the most
recent United Nations estimates elaborated by Worldmeters.
 China is most populous country in the world with a number of 1,389,618,778 followed
by India with a number of 1,311,559,204 according to the World Health Organization
Population Index as of July 01, 2019.
 Vatican City is the least population country in the world with only 800 people.
 The current population in the Philippines as of August 2,2019 is 108,233,265 according
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to the UN equivalent to 1.4% of the total world population . Philippines is ranked 13 of
the most populous country in the world.
Age structure
 The overall age structure in term of trend in Japan and the West was downward during
until 1950.
 Their dependency ratio was close to 0.5. it only increased, although temporarily , when
the baby boom after the Second World War occurred, Japan’s dependency ratio,
however, increased between 1880 and 1920.
 Its dependency ratio was higher than the West between 1920 and the early 1950’s.
It dropped in 1970 and later since its precipitous decline in childbearing during the
1950’s and low fertility rates in recent years.
Dependency ratio
 A great increase in dependency ratio was caused by the decline in infant and child
mortality and high level levels of fertility , with its peak around 1970.
 dependency ratio started to disappear because there is decline in global birth rate.
 The aging of population will cause a rise in dependency ratio, starting in the West.
 Definition :
 Dependency ratio – is the number of dependents in a population divided by the number
of working age people.
How to calculate dependency ratio?
 You can calculate the ratio by adding together the percentage of children (aged under
15 years), and the older population(aged 65+, dividing the percentage by the working-
age population (aged 16-64 years), multiplying that percentage by 100 so the ratio is
expressed as the number of dependents per 100 people age.
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BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
CANDIJAY CAMPUS
COGTONG, CANDIJAY, BOHOL

VISION:

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resource for the sustainable development in Bohol and the country.”

MISSION:

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professional and technological fields; undertake research and development and extension services for the
sustainable development of Bohol and the country.”

THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
(HARD COPY)

Submitted by:

Oliver I. Banlos
BSED – Science 1

Submitted to:

Mrs. Gina M. Galbo

Intructor