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DC Motor Basic

A DC motor operates by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic principles. It consists of a rotor with windings that rotate within a stationary stator containing magnets. Current passing through the rotor windings interacts with the stator's magnetic field, causing the rotor to rotate. As the rotor turns, brushes and commutators switch the current direction, maintaining rotation. DC motors provide excellent speed control and a simple design, making them well-suited for applications requiring acceleration/deceleration control. Motor drivers are used to amplify microcontroller signals to levels sufficient for driving motors.

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28 views3 pages

DC Motor Basic

A DC motor operates by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetic principles. It consists of a rotor with windings that rotate within a stationary stator containing magnets. Current passing through the rotor windings interacts with the stator's magnetic field, causing the rotor to rotate. As the rotor turns, brushes and commutators switch the current direction, maintaining rotation. DC motors provide excellent speed control and a simple design, making them well-suited for applications requiring acceleration/deceleration control. Motor drivers are used to amplify microcontroller signals to levels sufficient for driving motors.

Uploaded by

suhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC MOTOR – Basics, Types &

Application

A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current power. In any electric
motor, operation is dependent upon simple electromagnetism. A current
carrying conductor generates a magnetic field, when this is then placed in an
external magnetic field, it will encounter a force proportional to the current in
the conductor and to the strength of the external magnetic field.It is a device
which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It works on the fact that
a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force
which causes it to rotate with respect to its original position.

Practical DC Motor consists of field windings to provide the magnetic flux and
armature which acts as the conductor.
The input of a brushless DC motor is current/voltage and its output is torque.
Understanding the operation of DC motor is very simple from a basic diagram
is shown in below. DC motor basically consist two main parts. The rotating part
is called the rotor and the stationary part is also called the stator. The rotor
rotates with respect to the stator.

The rotor consists of windings, the windings being electrically associated with
the commutator. The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts and rotor
windings are such that when power is applied, the polarities of the energized
winding and the stator magnets are misaligned and the rotor will turn until it is
very nearly straightened with the stator’s field magnets.
As the rotor reaches alignment, the brushes move to the next commutator
contacts and energize the next winding. The rotation reverses the direction of
current through the rotor winding, prompting a flip of the rotor’s magnetic field,
driving it to keep rotating.
Advantages of DC Motor:
1.Provide excellent speed control for acceleration and deceleration
2.Easy to understand design
3.Simple, cheap drive design

Microcontrollers can’t drive the motors directly. So we need some kind of


drivers to control the speed and direction of motors. The motor drivers will acts
as interfacing devices between microcontrollers and motors. Motor drivers will
act as current amplifiers since they take a low current control signal and
provide a high current signal. This high current signal is used to drive the
motors. Using L293D chip is the easy way for controlling the motor using
microcontroller. It contains two H-bridge driver circuits internally.

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