Assignment 3 English For Physics: "The Gerund"

Assignment 3 English for Physics
“The Gerund”
Oleh:
Name: Amy Mukaromatun Luthfiana
NIM : K2312005
Prodi/Semt: Pendidikan Fisika 2012 A / II
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN dan ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
Assignment 3
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given: to-infinitive or
gerund or present participle. State each case of a gerund that is used.
1. You can use your knowledge of how charged particles and electric currents are affected by fields
to interpret (to-infinitive) diagrams of moving ( gerund as a complement after preposition “of” )
particles.
2. You can use such an arrangement to observe (to-infinitive) the effect of changing ( gerund as a
complement after preposition “of” ) the strength and direction of the field, and the effect of
reversing ( gerund as a complement after preposition “of” ) the field. Note that you can seriously
damage a television set by bringing ( gerund as a complement after preposition “ by” ) a magnet
close to the screen.
3. You can make a field in two ways: using ( gerund is combined with another verb become a clause
as complement or subject sentences) a permanent magnet, or using ( gerund is combined with
another verb become a clause as complement or subject sentences) an electric current. There is
really no fundamental difference between these two ways of creating ( gerund as a complement
after preposition “of” ) magnetic fields. You should be familiar with the magnetic field patterns of
bar magnets. These can be shown up using (gerund) iron bar fillings or plotting (gerund)
compass. We represent magnetic fields, like gravitational and electric fields, by drawing ( gerund
as a complement after preposition “by” ) lines of force.
4. In a solenoid, reversing ( gerund as subject sentences ) the current reverses the direction of the
field.
5. Here are some useful rules for remembering ( gerund as a complement after preposition “for” )
the direction of the magnetic field produced by a current:
• The right - hand grip rule gives direction of field lines in an electromagnet.
Imagine to grip (to-infinitive) the coil, so that your fingers go around it to follow (to-infinitive)
the direction of the current. Your thumb now points in the direction of the field lines inside the
coil, i.e. points towards the electromagnet’s north pole.
• The corkscrew rule is a way of remembering ( gerund as a complement after preposition “of” )
the direction of the field lines around a current - carrying wire. Imagine pushing ( gerund as direct
object after verb ) a corkscrew into a cork, and turning (gerund) it. The direction in which you
push is the direction of the current, and the field lines go round the direction in which you are
turning the corkscrew.
6. The magnet creates a fairly uniform magnetic field. The rod has a current flowing (gerund)
through it. As soon as the current is switched on, the rod start rolling (gerund as direct object
after verb), showing ( gerund is combined to a subject become a clause as subject ) that a force
is acting on it. We use Fleming’s left-hand rule to predict (to-infinitive) the direction of the force.
There are three things here, all of which are mutually at right-angles to each other – the magnetic
field, the current in the rod and the force on the rod. These can be represented by holding
( gerund as a object after preposition “by” ) the thumb and first two fingers of your left hand so
that they are mutually at right-angles. Your fingers then represent: thumb-Motion; First finger -
Field; second finger-Current. You should practice using ( gerund as direct object after verb ) your
left hand to check (to-infinitive) that the rule correctly predicts these directions.
7. Scientists have put considerable effort into researching ( gerund as complement after
preposition “into” ) for particles that have just one magnetic pole (magnetic monopoles).
8. We can generate electricity by spinning( gerund as object after preposition “by”) a coil in a
magnetic field. This is equivalent to use (to-infinitive) an electric motor backwards.
9. Another use of electromagnetic induction is in transformers. An alternating ( gerund is combined
with subject to form a clause or subject sentences ) current in the primary coil produces a
varying ( gerund as subject after verb as noun ) magnetic field in the core. The secondary coil is
also wound round this core, so the flux linking ( gerund is combined with subject to form a
clause as subject ) the secondary coil is constantly changing. Hence a varying (gerund is
combined with subject to form a clause ) e.m.f. is induced across the secondary.
10.Ampere’s finding ( gerund is combined with other words become a clause as subject ) revealed
that when a charged particle crosses magnetic lines, it gets pushed to one side.
11.The tendency of a compass needle dipping ( gerund is combined with subject to form a clause )
is a nuisance for compass users. To eliminate (to-infinitive) this motion in a compass made for
use in North America, the needle is suspended off center, or even counterweighted on the
southern end, so that it moves only in the horizontal plane of the compass.
12.Electromagnets are the working ( gerund as object as noun ) parts of some of the instruments
used to measure (to-infinitive) currents and voltages.
13.In 1681, an English ship sailing ( gerund is combined with subject to form a clause ) to Boston
was struck by lighting. After the storm had passed, the sailors noticed that the ship’s compass no
longer pointed north. Somehow, the lighting had reserved the magnetic poles. Nevertheless,
using ( gerund is combined with subject to form a clause or subject sentences ) the wrong end of
the compass for orientation, they came safely into Boston Harbor.
14.A person moves by pushing ( gerund as object after preposition “by” ) off from the Earth; a boat
sails because the rowers push against the water with their oars; Thus, to push (to-infinitive) off
from a support seems being (gerund) a necessary condition for motion; even an airplane moves
by pushing ( gerund as object after preposition “by” ) the air with its propeller. But is it really?
Might there not be some intricate means of moving without pushing (gerund as a direct object
after some verbs) off from anything.
15.If you rub a strip of plastic so that it becomes charged, and then hold it close to your hair, you feel
your hair pulling ( gerund is combined with “upwards” to be a clause as complement ) upwards.

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FAKULTAS KEGURUAN dan ILMU PENDIDIKAN

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