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6beam Deflections

This document discusses methods for determining beam deflections under loading. It describes the double integration method, which involves deriving slope and deflection equations by integrating the bending moment equation. An example problem applies this method to solve for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam under a central point load. The document also lists other deflection analysis methods and provides practice problems applying the double integration approach.

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Loury Joy Naron Magbanlag
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41 views24 pages

6beam Deflections

This document discusses methods for determining beam deflections under loading. It describes the double integration method, which involves deriving slope and deflection equations by integrating the bending moment equation. An example problem applies this method to solve for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam under a central point load. The document also lists other deflection analysis methods and provides practice problems applying the double integration approach.

Uploaded by

Loury Joy Naron Magbanlag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BEAM DEFLECTIONS

Objectives
 Learn some geometric methods commonly used for
determining the slopes and deflections of statically
determinate beams.
 Apply the Double Integration Method and Superposition
Method in calculating beam deflections
 Familiarize with beam deflection formula of common beam
loadings
Important Concepts
 Structures, like all other physical bodies, deform and change shape when
subjected to forces.
 If the deformations disappear and the structure regains its original shape
when the actions causing the deformations are removed, the
deformations are termed elastic deformations. Such deformations vary
linearly with applied loads (for instance, if the magnitudes of the loads
acting on the structure are doubled, its deformations are also doubled)
 The permanent deformations of structures are referred to as inelastic, or
plastic deformations.
 In order for a structure to respond linearly to applied loads, it must be
composed of linear elastic material, and it must undergo small deformations.
 For most structures, excessive deformations are undesirable, as they may
impair the structure’s ability to serve its intended purpose.
 For example, a high-rise building may be perfectly safe in the sense that the
allowable stresses are not exceeded, yet useless (unoccupied) if it deflects
excessively due to wind, causing cracks in the walls and windows.
 Structures are usually designed so that their deflections under normal service
conditions will not exceed the allowable values specified in building codes.
 Computation of deflections forms an essential part of structural analysis.
 Deflection calculations are also required in the determination of the reactions
and stress resultants for statically indeterminate structures
 The deformation of a beam is usually expressed in terms of its deflection from
its original unloaded position. The deflection is measured from the original
neutral surface of the beam to the neutral surface of the deformed beam. The
configuration assumed by the deformed neutral surface is known as the
elastic curve of the beam.
Methods of Determining Beam Deflections
Numerous methods are available for the determination of beam
deflections. These methods include:

1. Double Integration Method


2. Method of Superposition
3. Area - Moment Method
4. Strain-Energy Method (Castigliano's Theorem)
5. Conjugate-Beam Method
Double Integration Method
 The double integration method is a powerful tool in solving deflection
and slope of a beam at any point because we will be able to get the
equation of the elastic curve.

 Differential equation for the deflection of beam

 This equation is also referred to as the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation.


 The direct integration method essentially involves writing the expression
for M/EI (bending moment divided by flexural rigidity of the beam) in
terms of the distance x along the axis of the beam and integrating this
expression successively to obtain equations for the slope and deflection of
the elastic curve
 product EI is commonly referred to as the flexural rigidity of the beam
 Because  = dy/dx, the above equation can also be expressed as
 Slope equation of the beam
 C1 and C2 are constant
of integration that must
be evaluated from the
given boundary
conditions of the beam
 Deflection equation of the beam and its loading
Illustative Problem 1
Determine the equations for the slope and deflection of the beam shown in
Fig.(a) by the direct integration method. Also, compute the slope at each
end and the deflection at the midspan of the beam. EI is constant.
1. Reactions See Fig. (b).
2. Equation for Bending Moment. To determine the equation for bending
moment for the beam, we pass a section at a distance x from support A,
as shown in Fig.(b). Considering the free body to the left of this section,
we obtain

3. Equation for M/EI .The flexural rigidity, EI, of the beam is constant, so
the equation for M/EI can be written as
4. Slope Equation. The equation for the slope of the elastic curve of the
beam can be obtained by integrating the equation for M/EI as

5. Deflection Equation. The equation for the slope of the elastic curve of
the beam can be obtained by integrating the equation for M/EI as
5. Evaluation of Constant. The constants of integration, C1 and C2, are
evaluated by applying the following boundary conditions:

By applying the first boundary condition that is, by setting x = 0 and y = 0 in


the equation for y we obtain C2 = 0. Next, by using the second boundary
condition that is, by setting x = L and y = 0 in the equation for y we obtain
a) Slope Equation of the Beam

b) Deflection Equation of the Beam


c) Slopes at Ends A and B By substituting x = 0 and L, respectively, into
Slope Equation we obtain
d) Deflection at Midspan By substituting x = L/2 into deflection equation,
we obtain
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

2
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

4
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

6
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

8
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

10
Case Max. Slope at Deflection Maximum
Type of Load
No. Moment End Equation Deflection

11

12
Practice Problems
Determine the equations for the slope and deflection of the beam shown by
the direct integration method. Also, compute the slope at each end and the
midspan deflection of the beam.

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