isentropic flow

g 1.4
isentropic flow calculations
Given M, find the property ratio
Given: p/p0 T/T0 r/r0 A/A*
0.9400 0.5658 0.8498 0.6658 1.0031
Given the property ratio, find M
p/p0 T/T0 r/r0 A/A*
Given: 0.4919 0.8278 0.6658 1.5069
M 1.0600 1.0199 0.9399 0.4278 M<1
1.8600 M>1

b 3.0000
subsonic solution supersonic solution
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew Iteration Mold
1 0.2000 -0.2913 1.3658 0.4133 1 4.0000
2 0.4133 -0.0173 1.1999 0.4277 2 3.2242
3 0.4277 -0.0001 1.1878 0.4278 3 2.6139
4 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 4 2.1830
5 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 5 1.9440
6 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 6 1.8675
7 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 7 1.8601
8 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 8 1.8600
9 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 9 1.8600
10 0.4278 0.0000 1.1877 0.4278 10 1.8600

Page 1
 isentropic flow

c 0.8333
ution
F(M) dF/dM Mnew
-36.8474 -47.4931 3.2242
-12.0342 -19.7198 2.6139
-3.7306 -8.6587 2.1830
-1.0221 -4.2762 1.9440
-0.2032 -2.6552 1.8675
-0.0165 -2.2300 1.8601
-0.0001 -2.1910 1.8600
0.0000 -2.1906 1.8600
0.0000 -2.1906 1.8600
0.0000 -2.1906 1.8600

Page 2
 normal shockwaves

g 1.4 G 0.17
normal-shockwave calculations
Given M, find the property ratio
Given: p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1 p02/p01 p02/p1 M2
3.0000 10.3333 3.8571 2.6790 0.3283 12.0610 0.4752
Given the property ratio, find M
p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1 p02/p01 p02/p1 M2
Given: 1.3495 3.0000 2.0000 0.8000 N/A 0.6000
M 1.1400 2.2361 2.3574 1.8284 N/A 1.8778

D 0.01
n (M1)old M1+D M1-D F(M1) F(M1+D) F(M1-D)
1 3.0000 3.0100 2.9900 -0.4717 -0.4745 -0.4688
2 1.3301 1.3401 1.3201 0.1738 0.1718 0.1757
3 2.2136 2.2236 2.2036 -0.1780 -0.1826 -0.1735
4 1.8212 1.8312 1.8112 0.0032 -0.0013 0.0077
5 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045
6 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045
7 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045
8 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045
9 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045
10 1.8284 1.8384 1.8184 0.0000 -0.0045 0.0045

Page 3
 normal shockwaves

dF/dM1 (M1)new
-0.2824 1.3301
-0.1967 2.2136
-0.4537 1.8212
-0.4484 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284
-0.4498 1.8284

Page 4
 oblique shockwaves

g g+1 g-1
1.4 2.4 0.4
Option One: M1 and d are given
Weak-Shock Solution
g M1 d (deg) q (deg) p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1
1.4000 2.0000 30.0000 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
0.5236 Err:502
radians cot q
Strong-Shock Solution
g M1 d (deg) q (deg) p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1
1.4000 2.0000 30.0000 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
0.5236 Err:502
radians cot q
Option Two: M1 and q are given
g M1 q (deg) d (deg) p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1
1.4000 2.0000 45.0000 14.7436 2.1667 1.7143 1.2639
radians 0.7854 0.2573
cot (q) 1.0000
M12sin2q-1 1.0000
Option Three: q and d are given
g d (deg) q (deg) M1 p2/p1 r2/r1 T2/T1
1.4000 10.0000 20.0000 4.7347 2.8927 2.0642 1.4014
(g+1)/2 0.1745 0.3491 radians
1.2000 2.7475 cot (q)

Collar's Method
A B C B-AC qmax (deg) dmax (deg)
3.0000 11.0851 3.3486 1.0392 64.67 22.97
Iteration xold xnew xII
1 1.7321 0.9045 -0.2095
2 0.9045 0.6274 0.1233
3 0.6274 0.4605 0.3030
4 0.4605 0.2997 0.4636
5 0.2997 Err:502 Err:502
6 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
7 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
8 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
9 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
10 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
11 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
12 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
13 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
14 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
15 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
16 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
17 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502
18 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502

Page 5
 oblique shockwaves

19 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502

20 Err:502 Err:502 Err:502

Page 6
 oblique shockwaves

p02/p01 M2
Err:502 Err:502

p02/p01 M2
Err:502 Err:502

p02/p01 M2
0.9546 1.4563

p02/p01 M2
0.8879 3.8163

qsonic (deg) dsonic (deg)

61.49 22.71

Page 7
 Prandtl_Meyer flow

Prandtl-Meyer values
M n (rad) n (deg) m (rad) m (deg)
4.0000 1.1482 65.7848 0.2527 14.4775
Inputs: n (deg) and g g n
1.4 30.0000 degrees
g+1/g-1 g-1/g+1 DM
6 0.1667 0.01
Uses the Newton-Raphson method to find M for a given value of n
Iteration Mold F(M) F(M+DM) F(M-DM) DF/DM Mnew
1 4.0000 0.6246 0.6269 0.6223 0.2305 1.2908
2 1.2908 -0.4203 -0.4155 -0.4250 0.4742 2.1770
3 2.1770 0.0198 0.0244 0.0152 0.4560 2.1336
4 2.1336 -0.0001 0.0045 -0.0048 0.4624 2.1339
5 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339
6 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339
7 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339
8 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339
9 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339
10 2.1339 0.0000 0.0046 -0.0046 0.4623 2.1339

Page 8
 Fanno flow

Fanno flow calculations g

Given M, find the property ratio (g+1)
Given: p/p* T/T* r/r* p0/p0* fLmax/D (g-1)
0.5000 2.1381 1.1429 1.8708 1.3398 1.0691 1/g
Given the property ratio, find M (g+1)/(2g)
p/p* T/T* r/r* p0/p0* fLmax/D (g+1)/(g-1)
Given: 2.1381 1.1000 2.0000 20.0000 0.8000 (g-1)/(g+1)
M 0.5000 0.6742 0.4663 0.0289 0.5378 M<1
4.7255 12.7693 M>1
Note: For M>1, the largest fLmax/D is
([(g+1)/2g]ln[(g+1)/(g-1)]-1/g

p0/p0* calculation by Newton-Raphson method

M<1 Solution
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 0.2000 3.4073 19.8589 0.0284
2 0.0284 -0.0105 19.9803 0.0289
3 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
4 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
5 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
6 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
7 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
8 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
9 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
10 0.0289 0.0000 19.9799 0.0289
M>1 Solution
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 4.0000 37.1250 -29.0000 5.2802
2 5.2802 -58.9665 -138.5678 4.8546
3 4.8546 -10.8418 -90.0515 4.7342
4 4.7342 -0.6860 -78.8234 4.7255
5 4.7255 -0.0034 -78.0501 4.7255
6 4.7255 0.0000 -78.0463 4.7255
7 4.7255 0.0000 -78.0463 4.7255
8 4.7255 0.0000 -78.0463 4.7255
9 4.7255 0.0000 -78.0463 4.7255
10 4.7255 0.0000 -78.0463 4.7255

fLmax/D calculation by Newton-Raphson method

M<1 Solution
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 0.2000 13.7333 -170.0680 0.2808
2 0.2808 5.5130 -58.5445 0.3749
3 0.3749 2.0180 -22.6600 0.4640
4 0.4640 0.6075 -10.7605 0.5204
5 0.5204 0.1144 -7.0102 0.5367
6 0.5367 0.0066 -6.2184 0.5378
7 0.5378 0.0000 -6.1704 0.5378

Page 9
 Fanno flow

8 0.5378 0.0000 -6.1702 0.5378

9 0.5378 0.0000 -6.1702 0.5378
10 0.5378 0.0000 -6.1702 0.5378
M>1 Solution
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 4.0000 -0.1669 0.0797 6.0940
2 6.0940 -0.0675 0.0271 8.5887
3 8.5887 -0.0250 0.0104 10.9913
4 10.9913 -0.0073 0.0051 12.4241
5 12.4241 -0.0012 0.0036 12.7558
6 12.7558 0.0000 0.0033 12.7693
7 12.7693 0.0000 0.0033 12.7693
8 12.7693 0.0000 0.0033 12.7693
9 12.7693 0.0000 0.0033 12.7693
10 12.7693 0.0000 0.0033 12.7693

Page 10
 Fanno flow

1.4
2.4
0.4
0.7143
0.8571
6.0000
0.1667

Lmax/D is
0.8215

Page 11
 shock tube

g1 1.4 g4 1.4 a1/a4 1

c1 0.14286 p4/p1 50
c2 0.85714
c3 7.0 Dp 0.01
pold f f(p+Dp) f(p-Dp) df/dp pnew
2.00000 21.03105 20.87650 21.18696 -15.52281 3.35485
3.35485 7.72947 7.66697 7.79230 -6.26662 4.58828
4.58828 1.84580 1.80926 1.88246 -3.65990 5.09261
5.09261 0.15297 0.12219 0.18385 -3.08291 5.14223
5.14223 0.00119 -0.02911 0.03159 -3.03503 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263
5.14263 0.00000 -0.03030 0.03039 -3.03466 5.14263

Page 12
 Rayleigh flow

Rayleigh flow calculations

Given M, find the property ratio g
Given: p/p* T/T* r/r* T0/T0* p0/p0* (g+1)
0.1000 2.3669 0.0560 42.2500 0.0468 1.2591 (g-1)
0.5000 1.7778 0.7901 2.2500 0.6914 1.1141 1/ g
2.0000 0.3636 0.5289 0.6875 0.7934 1.5031 (g+1)/(2g)
Given the property ratio, find M (g+1)/(g-1)
p/p* T/T* r/r* T0/T0* p0/p0* (g-1)/(g+1)
Given: 2.3669 0.0560 42.2500 0.7934 1.1141 (g)/(3g-1)
M 0.1000 0.1000 0.1000 0.5774 0.4999 Subsonic
7.1429 1.9999 1.4845 Supersonic

p0/p0* 1.1141
M<1
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 0.2000 0.0583 -0.1366 0.6267
2 0.6267 -0.0274 -0.2053 0.4932
3 0.4932 0.0015 -0.2223 0.4999
4 0.4999 0.0000 -0.2222 0.4999
5 0.4999 0.0000 -0.2222 0.4999 Answer
M>1
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 3.0000 1.5369 1.6830 2.0868
2 2.0868 0.3679 0.8757 1.6667
3 1.6667 0.0779 0.5061 1.5128
4 1.5128 0.0102 0.3739 1.4854
5 1.4854 0.0003 0.3507 1.4845
6 1.4845 0.0000 0.3500 1.4845 Answer

Page 13
 Rayleigh flow

1.4
2.4
0.4
0.7143
0.8571
6.0000
0.1667
0.4375
Mcritical
0.845154

Page 14
 Isothermal flow

Isothermal flow calculation g

Given M, find the property ratio (g+1)
Given: p/p* T0/T0* r/r* p0/p0* fLmax/D (g-1)
2.0000 0.4226 1.5750 0.4226 2.0720 0.9013 1/ g
0.4880 1.7319 0.9167 1.7319 1.2772 0.9010 (g+1)/(2g)
Given the property ratio, find M (g+1)/(g-1)
p/p* T0/T0* r/r* p0/p0* fLmax/D (g-1)/(g+1)
Given: 0.4226 1.5750 0.4226 2.0720 0.9013 (g)/(3g-1)
M 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 0.2688 0.4880 Subcritical
2.0000 2.0000 Supercritical

p0/p0* 2.0720
Subcritical
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 0.2000 0.1514 -2.5037 0.2605
2 0.2605 0.0164 -1.9973 0.2687
3 0.2687 0.0002 -1.9426 0.2688
4 0.2688 0.0000 -1.9418 0.2688
5 0.2688 0.0000 -1.9418 0.2688 Answer
Supercritical
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 3.0000 1.5578 2.0150 2.2269
2 2.2269 0.2714 1.3052 2.0190
3 2.0190 0.0208 1.1044 2.0002
4 2.0002 0.0002 1.0859 2.0000
5 2.0000 0.0000 1.0857 2.0000
6 2.0000 0.0000 1.0857 2.0000 Answer

fLmax/D 0.9013
Subcritical
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 0.2000 -0.7321 2.1189 0.5455
2 0.5455 0.1569 2.7141 0.4877
3 0.4877 -0.0007 2.7325 0.4880
4 0.4880 0.0000 2.7325 0.4880
5 0.4880 0.0000 2.7325 0.4880 Answer
Supercritical
Iteration Mold F(M) dF/dM Mnew
1 4.0000 -28.0530 -24.7265 2.8655
2 2.8655 -7.2143 -12.3607 2.2818
3 2.2818 -1.6202 -6.9327 2.0481
4 2.0481 -0.2305 -4.9833 2.0019
5 2.0019 -0.0086 -4.6147 2.0000
6 2.0000 0.0000 -4.6000 2.0000 Answer

Page 15
 Isothermal flow

1.4
2.4
0.4
0.7143
0.8571
6.0000
0.1667
0.4375
Mcritical
0.845154

Page 16