Information Search and Analysis Skills

(ISAS)

“Information Architecture”

Faculty:
Devi Afrilia Sinikite

Written by:
Bening Karina
Muhammad Ilyas Dayfullah
Raden Erie Tricahyo

Class:
3SC4

CCIT Faculty of Engineering-University of Indonesia

Depok, University of Indonesia, Recent Campus 16424
 PREFACE

We’d like to thank God because for the blessing of His grace, our ISAS finally done in
presentasion and paper on time. Also, we’d like to thank to our Faculty Mrs. Devi Afrilia
Sinikite and another faculty who always help us. We’d like to thank to our friends that can
make this paper done. Also, thanks for being with us in our journey for studying at CCIT-
Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia.
This ISAS, with ‘Information Architecture’as a title, we submit as ISAS’s task
requirements in 2019.
The purporse of writing this paper is to give the information that will help someone to do
what inside this ISAS.
By reading this paper, hopefully, it can be useful for everyone, so it can add some new
knowledge and insight. We understand that our paper still far from excellence. Therefore, we
really expect constructive suggest and critics for this paper perfection.

Last but not least, we hope our paper is really useful for the reader.

Depok, Septemer 2019

Author

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE .............................................................................................................. I
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... II
TABLE OF FIGURES ....................................................................................... III
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1
I.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 1
I.2 WRITING OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................ 1
I.3 PROBLEM DOMAIN ........................................................................................... 1
I.4 WRITING METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 1
I.5 WRITING FRAMEWORK .................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER II. BASIC THEORY ......................................................................... 3
II.1 DEFINITION OF BINARY SEARCH ................................................................... 3
II.2 DEFINITION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE .................................................. 3
II.3 WHAT IS JAVA .............................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER III. PROBLEM ANALYSIS ............................................................. 4
III.1 HOW BINARY SEARCH WORK ....................................................................... 4
III.2 IMPLEMENTATION BINARY SEARCH IN JAVA ................................................. 7
III.3 FLOWCHART BINARY SEARCH ...................................................................... 9
III.4 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF BINARY SEARCH ............................. 10
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................... 11
IV.1 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................... 11
IV.2 SUGGESTION ............................................................................................... 11
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................. 12

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Binary Search 1 ..................................................................................................... 4

Figure 3.2 Binary Search 2 ..................................................................................................... 4

Figure 3.3 Binary Search 3 ..................................................................................................... 5

Figure 3.4 Binary Search 4 ..................................................................................................... 5

Figure 3.5 Binary Search 5 ..................................................................................................... 6

Figure 3.6 Binary Search 6 ..................................................................................................... 6

Figure 3.7 Binary Search 7 ..................................................................................................... 6

Figure 4.1 Flowchart .............................................................................................................. 9

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1. BACKGROUND
Information architecture is the practice of deciding how to arrange the parts of something
to be understandable.

I.2. Writing Objective

We write this paper to make the readers understand about information architecture
especially history, model, design, and characteristic.

I.3. Problem Domain

In this ISAS’ paper, In this issue we discuss examples of implementing information
architecture in business .

I.4. Writing Methodology

We are using research methodology, collect all data from every reliable source and
combine it using observation technique.

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I.5. Writing Framework

For making this report easy to read, we organize our writing methodology and divide it
into several section as follows :

 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
In ‘INTRODUCTION’ section, we will discuss about background, writing
objective, problem domain, writing methodology, and writing framework.

 CHAPTER II BASIC THEORY

In ‘BASIC THEORY’ section, we will discuss about history of information
architecure, definition of information architecure, model of information
architecture, design of information architecture, and characteristic of information
architecture.

 CHAPTER III PROBLEM ANALYSIS

In ‘PROBLEM ANALYSIS’ section, we will explain about implementation
information architecture in business.

 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

In ‘CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION’ section, we will conclude what we’ve
got and give suggestion for making the best decision.
 CHAPTER II

BASIC THEORY

II.1. Definition of Information System Architecture (ISA)

An information system architecture is a formal definition of the business processes

and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product technologies for a business or
organizational information system. An information system architecture usually consists of
four layers: business process architecture, systems architecture, technical architecture, and
product delivery architecture

The architecture of an information system encompasses the hardware and software

used to deliver the solution to the final consumer of services. The architecture is a description
of the design and contents of a computerized system. If documented, the architecture may
include information such as a detailed inventory of current hardware, software and
networking capabilities; a description of long-range plans and priorities for future purchases,
and a plan for upgrading and/or replacing dated equipment and software.

II.2. Definition of Information Architecture (IA)

Information architecture (IA) focuses on organizing, structuring, and labeling content

in an effective and sustainable way. The goal is to help users find information and complete
tasks. To do this, you need to understand how the pieces fit together to create the larger picture,
how items relate to each other within the system.

Information architecture aims at organizing content so that users would easily adjust to
the functionality of the product and could find everything they need without big effort. The
content structure depends on various factors. First of all, IA experts consider the specifics of
the target audience needs because IA puts user satisfaction as a priority. Also, the structure
depends on the type of the product and the offers companies have. For example, if we compare
a retail website and a blog, we will see two absolutely different structures both efficient for
accomplishing certain objectives. Information architecture has become the fundamental study
in many spheres including design and software development.

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II.3. A Brief History of Information Architecture

Information architecture, as we know it today, began around the 1970s, far before the
rise of web and mobile apps or the popularization of user experience design. It has roots in
numerous fields and methodologies that UX practitioners still draw on today, including
library science, cognitive psychology, and architecture.

Even though its modern use, strictly related to the design of information, goes back no
farther than the mid-1970s and Richard Saul Wurman’s famous address at the American
Institute of Architecture conference of 1976, use of the term information together with the
term architecture has been around for a little bit longer and in quite a few different settings. In
an IBM research paper written in 1964, some 12 years before Wurman, and entitled
“Architecture of the IBM System/360” (Amdahl et al 1964), architecture is defined as the
conceptual structure and functional behavior, distinguishing the organization of data flows
and controls, logical design, and physical implementation.
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CHAPTER III

PROBLEM ANALYSIS

III.1. Model of Information Architecture

There are a number of different IA design patterns for effective organization of website
content. Understanding these IA models will help you pick the most appropriate starting point
for a site’s information structure, which will eventually lead to less headaches while optimizing
your website.
a. Single Page Model

Figure 3.1 Single Page Model (REF : https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/information-

architecture-101-techniques-and-best-practices/)

The first pattern is the single page model. Single page sites are best suited for projects
that have a very narrow focus and a limited amount of information. These could be for a
single product site, such as a website for an iPhone app, or a simple personal contact info site.

b. Flat Structure Model

Figure 3.2 Flat Structure Model (REF : https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/information-

architecture-101-techniques-and-best-practices/)

This information structure puts all the pages on the same level. Every page is just as
important as every other page. This is commonly seen on brochure-style sites, where there are
only a handful of pages. For larger sites with a lot more pages, the navigation flow and
content findability gets unwieldy.
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c. Index Page Model

Figure 3.3 Index Page Model (REF : https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/information-architecture-

101-techniques-and-best-practices/)

A main page with subpages is probably the most commonly seen website IA pattern.
This consists of a main page (we know this more commonly as a “homepage” or “front
page”), which serves as a jump-off point for all the other pages. The subpages have equal
importance within the hierarchy.

d. Strict Hierarchy Pattern

Figure 3.4 Strict Hierarchy Pattern Model (REF : https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/information-

architecture-101-techniques-and-best-practices/)
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Some websites use a strict hierarchy of pages for their information design. On these
sites, there will be an index page that links to subpages. Each subpage (parent page) has its
own subpages (child pages). In this pattern, child pages are only linked from its parent page.

e. Co-Existing Hierarchy Pattern

Figure 3.5 Co-Existing Hierarchy Pattern Model (REF : https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-

design/information-architecture-101-techniques-and-best-practices/)

As an alternative to the strict hierarchy, there’s also the option of co-existing

hierarchies. There are still parent and child pages, but in this case, child pages may be
accessible from multiple parent pages/higher-level pages. This works well if there’s a lot of
overlapping information on your site.
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III.2. Implementation of Binary Search in Java

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Explanation

In hire we aim to find the value of the index in the array, we use scanner to input the data
that will be searched from the user. Then we create the method for binary search in public
classes, the method use to find the midde value in array and then remve the number that no
needed anymore. For example if the middle value in array is greater than the value that we
searching for the we remove all of value greater than middle value and vice versa.Then we
have the remaining value the we search again the middle value and so on till we find the value
that we need.
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III.3. Flowchart Binary Search

Figure 4.1 Flowchart

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III.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Binary Search

Advantages
1. One of the main advantages of a binary search is that it is much quicker than a
serial search because the data that needs to be searched half with each step. For
example, it is possible to search through 1024 values and find the one you want
within 10 steps, every time.[3]
2. Binary search uses the result of each comparison to eliminate half of the list
from further searching.[5]
3. Binary is significantly better than linear search for large lists of data.[5]
4. Binary search maintains a continuous subsequence of the starting sequence
where the largest value is surely located.[5]

Disadvantages

1. The biggest problem with a binary search is that you can only use this if the data
is sorted into an order.[5]
2. Binary search algorithm employs recursive approach and this approach requires
more stack space.[5]
3. Binary search can interact poorly with the memory hierarchy (i.e. caching),
Because of its random-access nature.[5]
 CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION

IV.1. CONCLUSION
So, in Java we can use the binary search to facilitate users in terms of searching, and you
can develop your on binary search.

IV.2. SUGGESTION
We suggest to use Binary Search algorithm based on your need. If it’s not really needed,
you don’t have to use it. However, if your code requires Binary Search to search large amount
of data and its imposible to search one by one, then use it.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Technopedia, Binary Search. Accessed from:

th
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/14270/binary-search at May 16 2019.

[2] Tutorialpoint, Data Structure–Binary Search Tree. Accessed from:

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_structures_algorithms/binary_search_algorithm.
htm at May 16th 2019.

[3] Bitesize, Searching, binary search. Accessed from:

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zgr2mp3/revision/4 at May 16th 2019.

[4] Techopedia, Java. Accessed from:

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3927/java at May 16th 2019.

[5] Slideshare, Data-structure. Accessed from:

https://slideshare.net/mobile/EmertxeSlides/data-structures-algorithm-design-using-c
at May 20th 2019.

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