UIJRT | United International Journal for Research & Technology | Volume 01, Issue 03, 2019

ICT in Assessment: A Backbone for Teaching and

Learning Process
Ishfaq Majid
Research Scholar, School of Education, Central University of Gujarat, India
[email protected]

Abstract— Assessment is always considered a key recognizing, collecting and understanding information
component in the process of teaching and learning. A about the leaning of students. Assessment includes
major role is being played by ICT in making the using varied variety of means and tools to assess,
process of assessment easy for teachers. As the use of measure student learning. Assessment has a lot of
ICT is increasing, the assessment is made now in a new importance to improve the learning of the students in
and innovative manner. While employing ICT in class. The teacher sets direction for improving the
assessment, the recording of responses and providing ongoing teaching learning process. There are various
necessary feedback is likely to grow as virtual learning modes or types of Assessment. These kinds of
environments is growing day by day. Not only this the assessment can be undertaken as the need arises. The
students are being empowered to make use of online or various types of assessment can be elaborated in the
web-based assessments which in return help the below para as follows:
students to do self-assessment of their learning. This Formative assessment is that type of assessment where
paper is in support of applying ICT in conducting the assessment is made on a continuous basis. The
assessment for students. The paper analyses the students are given the feedback to improve their
concept of assessment with its types and explores learning which prepares them well. Integration of
various technological tools which will empower the teaching learning and assessment is followed in this
teachers to make assessment much more effective in a phase are integrated to enhance the process of teaching
class room situation. and learning. Next type of assessment is summative
assessment where assessment takes place at the end of
Keywords— Informational Communication and
the learning. The teaching learning process and
Technology, Assessment, Computer Assisted
assessment in this phase are not integrated. However,
Assessment (CAA), Computer Adaptive Testing, E -
at the end of any part of the curriculum, assessment
Portfolio.
takes place. After summative assessment, we have the
INTRODUCTION next type of assessment that is diagnostic assessment
Assessment is basically used to get an insight into a which is conducted well in advance of a learning
student's current knowledge. Current knowledge course. The knowledge of the student is analyzed
indicates that the student’s knowledge base is always before the start of the teaching learning process.
changing and judgements about a student’s current
ICT IN ASSESSMENT
knowledge will have to be made over a time interval. A
Technology is supposed to play in effective and
student’s grades, his promotion, placement as well as a
efficient assessment of learning. The technology in
suitable curriculum are all dependent on assessment.
modern times has reshaped the teaching learning
When used in a learning objective, the definition for
process as it offers various number of tools that can be
the behavioral verb to assess means to lay down the
used in the classroom to enhance the learning to a great
conditions under which the behavior specified in a
extent. Technology has the ability to support teachers
particular specific objective may be found. Assessment
by assessing students' learning in terms of their
is a wide term that comprises of testing. A test is a
performance in the classroom. The use of ICT in
distinct type of assessment. Assessment serves a
assessment is now common where it utilizes digital
variety of purposes for teachers, students,
devices which help in construction of assessment tasks
administrators, other school personnel, family
for students. It helps in delivery of assessment tasks.
members, policy-makers, business leaders, community
Not only construction or delivery, the ICT has the
members, and other establishments of higher
ability to give grades or feedback to students. It is
education.
essential for schools to encourage themselves to
Assessment is that process which is used for
strengthen their commitment to developing a better

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 UIJRT | United International Journal for Research & Technology | Volume 01, Issue 03, 2019

assessment practice which can support teachers,

students and other stakeholders (Marina, 2015). (b) Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT):
In the recent development in technology is the use of
Geoffrey (2011) in his Teacher's Handbook that was on computer adaptive testing which enhances the testing
e-Assessment stated that the assessment which is based process to a great extent. While a student is subjected
on ICT can be taken up with many technological to answer questions, the technology is capable of
devices. These devices include desktop or laptops, adjusting the level of the difficulty. The technology
smart phones, iPads etc. ICT based assessment has the accesses how a student is answering the questions and
capability to use various kind of formats like as text, how much mistakes the student is making, Based on
videos, images and sounds. that concept the technology will adjust the other
questions accordingly. If the student is making many
Teachers in teaching learning process can use these mistakes while answering the questions, the software
modern technologies to build their assessment, to will take the student back to the previous questions.
convey these tasks to those students for which it is Further, the technology is capable of putting questions
made. After that the teacher can assign the grades to from previous learned content as well. As the
the students based on the conducted assessment. technology is increasing its area, it became as the
Computers can also be helpful in analyzing the easiest method to use it in the educational contexts.
responses of the students. Not only analyzing the (Khoshsima and Toroujeni, 2017).
responses, it can give feedback to students as well as to
teachers regarding the quality of the questions asked. (c) E-Portfolio:
The assessment based on ICT is also used to test the Electronic portfolio is a process of gathering of e -
different types of capabilities in the students. There evidence collected and maintained by a person on the
strengths and weakness can also be analyzed. There are web. Such kind of e-evidence include written text,
various kinds of tasks which are not suitable for the files, multimedia, images and hyperlinks. The E-
computer to evaluate them but most of the time the portfolios is basically useful for assessing the abilities
technology becomes a powerful tool in carrying out the of the person. The person maintaining these kinds of
tasks which are very much tough for a common human portfolios online is having an eye on his strengths and
being to evaluate in a little spam of time. weaknesses.
An e-portfolio works as a learning record for the
(a) Computer Assisted Assessment (CAA): person where his achievements can be analyzed by the
Computer-assisted assessment is used to assess person himself or another person. These kinds of
learning and performance of the students. It includes records are related to learning of a person to a great
all types of assessments whether formative or extent. We are usually having two kinds of portfolios
summative assessment and which is then conveyed i,e. the traditional and e-portfolio. The main gape is
with the assistance of these modern technologies. that in the traditional and e-portfolio is only the sharing
Delivery of the assessment is made online as well as or making the progress or achievement available
offline. online. (Donaire et. al., 2010).

Computer Assisted Assessment follows the formative (d) Digital Rubrics:

assessment where it helps the students to check their A rubric is basically a criterion which is set for the
knowledge. It is basically done to know whether the work of the students. The rubrics has included
student has learned the task or not and to give timely descriptions in the subjective manner about the
feedback to the students which mainly teaches the performance of the students. Rubrics is mainly used to
teacher educator to know the best way to teach any have a look at the key constituents of an assignment.
subject. The initial hope of this study had been that Rubrics assume the expectation from students before
CAA yields better results for students and would also the start of the learning activity. They make students
engage them creatively on a stronger level and aware of the thing that learning is to make integrated
therefore increase satisfaction (Schoen and Keegan, with the necessary skills. After making the use of a
2016). Examples of computer assisted assessment are rubric, the student are able to access their weakness.
the OMR that is used to grade MCQs and various other The way of assessment in rubrics follows the formative
database programs that help in recording student type of assessment as student is able to know the
marks. weakness in any area where he/she needs to improve.

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 UIJRT | United International Journal for Research & Technology | Volume 01, Issue 03, 2019

Teachers in the schools can extend their support to practices. The Schools or the other institutions can find
students in the construction of a rubric. the most appropriate method that suits their context.
Therefore, it is now essential for schools to encourage
(e) Online Assessment: themselves to strengthen their commitment to
Online assessment is usually followed when any developing a better assessment practice which can
instructor needs any information pertaining to some support teachers, students and other stakeholders.
content. The assessment is made online where an
REFERENCES
instructor sets some sort of a questionnaire to get it
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[2] Geoffrey, C. (2011). Teacher's Handbook on e-
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CONCLUSION 6.0061
The discussions of this paper suggest that ICT based
technology can be bitterly used for assessment of the
students in classroom situations. Computer can be used
as the medium for testing, scoring tests and test score
analysis. Computer Based Testing and Computer
Adaptive Testing are the application of ICT in
assessment practice in which students perform the test
while sitting in forward-facing of a computer device. It
also supports students in completing their assessment
tasks such as the use of electronic portfolios and
project-based assessment. The teachers can be
empowered by providing them assess to the e-portfolio
and project with the help of a rubric that is capable of
assessing not only the process and product, but also the
use of technology by students.

There are uncountable methods of incorporating

Information Communication Technology in assessment

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