The Accounting Information System Answers To Questions

CHAPTER 3
The Accounting Information System
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. The system of collecting and processing transaction data and communicating financial informa-
tion to decision makers is known as the accounting information system. The basic steps in the
recording process are: (1) Analyze each transaction in terms of its effect on the accounts (2) Enter
the transaction information in a journal (book of original entry) (3) Transfer the information to the
appropriate accounts in the ledger (book of accounts).
2. Yes, a business can enter into a transaction in which only the left side of the accounting equation
is affected. An example would be a transaction where an increase in one asset is offset by a
decrease in another asset. An increase in the equipment account which is offset by a decrease in
the cash account is a specific example.
3. Accounting transactions are the economic events of the enterprise recorded by accountants
because they affect the basic accounting equation.
(a) The death of a major stockholder of the company is not an accounting transaction as it does
not affect the basic accounting equation.
(b) Supplies purchased on account is an accounting transaction because it affects the basic
accounting equation.
(c) An employee being fired is not an accounting transaction as it does not affect the basic
accounting equation.
(d) Paying a cash dividend to stockholders is an accounting transaction as it does affect the
basic accounting equation.
4. (a) Decrease assets and decrease stockholders’ equity.

(b) Increase assets and decrease assets.
(c) Increase assets and increase stockholders’ equity.
(d) Decrease assets and decrease liabilities.
5. An account consists of three parts: (a) the title, (b) the left or debit side, and (c) the right or credit
side. Because the alignment of these parts resembles the letter T, it is referred to as a T account.
6. Disagree. The terms debit and credit are synonymous with left and right, respectively.
7. Steve is incorrect. The double-entry system merely records the dual (two-sided) effect of a transac-
tion on the accounting equation. A transaction is not recorded twice; it is recorded once, with a
dual effect. In other words, for each transaction, debits must equal credits.
8. Marie is incorrect. A debit balance only means that debit amounts exceed credit amounts in an
account. Conversely, a credit balance only means that credit amounts are greater than debit
amounts in an account. Thus, a debit or credit balance is neither favorable or unfavorable.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kimmel, Financial Accounting, 5/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 3-1
Questions Chapter 3 (Continued)
9. (a) Asset accounts are increased by debits and decreased by credits.

(b) Liability accounts are decreased by debits and increased by credits.
(c) The common stock account is decreased by debits and increased by credits.
10. (a) Accounts Receivable—debit balance.

(b) Cash—debit balance.
(c) Dividends—debit balance.
(d) Accounts Payable—credit balance.
(e) Service Revenue—credit balance.
(f) Salaries Expense—debit balance.
(g) Common Stock—credit balance.
11. (a) Accounts Receivable—asset—debit balance.

(b) Accounts Payable—liability—credit balance.
(c) Equipment—asset—debit balance.
(d) Dividends—stockholders’ equity—debit balance.
(e) Supplies—asset—debit balance.
12. (a) Debit Supplies and credit Accounts Payable.

(b) Debit Cash and credit Notes Payable.
(c) Debit Salaries Expense and credit Cash.
13. (a) Cash—both debit and credit entries.

(b) Accounts Receivable—both debit and credit entries.
(c) Dividends—debit entries only.
(d) Accounts Payable—both debit and credit entries.
(e) Salaries Expense—debit entries only.
(f) Service Revenue—credit entries only.
14. Normal balances for accounts in Tootsie Roll’s financial statements: Accounts Receivable—debit;
Income Taxes Payable—credit; Sales—credit; Selling, Marketing, and Administrative Expense—
debit.
15. The basic steps in the recording process are:

(1) Analyze each transaction in terms of its effect on the accounts.
(2) Enter the transaction information in a journal (book of original entry).
(3) Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger (book of accounts).
16. (a) The debit should be entered first.

(b) The credit should be indented.
17. (a) Yes, debits and credits could be recorded directly in the ledger.
(b) The advantages of using the journal are:
(1) It discloses in one place the complete effect of a transaction.
(2) It provides a chronological record of all transactions.
(3) It helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts for each entry
can be readily compared.
18. (a) Cash........................................................................................................... 12,000

Common Stock................................................................................... 12,000
(Issued stock for cash)
3-2 Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kimmel, Financial Accounting, 5/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only)
Questions Chapter 3 (Continued)
(b) Prepaid Insurance ..................................................................................... 800

Cash .................................................................................................. 800
(Paid one-year insurance policy)
(c) Supplies .................................................................................................... 1,500

Accounts Payable.............................................................................. 1,500
(Purchased supplies on account)
(d) Cash .......................................................................................................... 7,500

Service Revenue ............................................................................... 7,500
(Received cash for services rendered)
19. (a) The entire group of accounts maintained by a company, including all the asset, liability, and
stockholders’ equity accounts, is referred to collectively as the ledger.
(b) The chart of accounts is important, particularly for a company that has a large number of
accounts, because it helps organize the accounts and identify their location in the ledger.
20. A trial balance is a list of accounts and their balances at a given time. The primary purpose of a
trial balance is to prove the mathematical equality of debits and credits after all journalized trans-
actions have been posted. A trial balance also facilitates the discovery of errors in journalizing
and posting. In addition, it is useful in preparing financial statements.
21. The proper sequence is as follows:

(b) Accounting transaction occurs.
(c) Information is entered in the journal.
(a) Debits and credits are posted to the ledger.
(e) Trial balance is prepared.
(d) Financial statements are prepared.
22. (a) The trial balance would balance.

(b) The trial balance would not balance since the debits would be $720 higher than the credits.
SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-1
Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity

(a) + + NE
(b) + NE +
(c) – NE –
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-2
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts Accounts Bonds Common Retained
Cash + Receivable + Supplies = Payable + Payable + Stock + Earnings
(1) +$60,000 +$60,000
(2) –9,000 –$9,000 Paid div.
(3) +17,000 –$17,000
(4) +$3,100 +$3,100
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-3

Property, Plant, Accounts Common Retained
Cash + Inventory + and Equipment = Payable + Stock + Earnings
(1) –$286,176 +$286,176
(2) +137,590 +$137,590 Issued stock
(3) +$77,662 +$77,662
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-4

Debit Credit Normal
Effect Effect Balance
(a) Accounts Payable Decrease Increase Credit
(b) Advertising Expense Increase Decrease Debit
(c) Service Revenue Decrease Increase Credit
(d) Accounts Receivable Increase Decrease Debit
(e) Retained Earnings Decrease Increase Credit
(f) Dividends Increase Decrease Debit
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-5
Account Debited Account Credited

June 1 Cash Common Stock
2 Equipment Accounts Payable
3 Rent Expense Cash
12 Accounts Receivable Service Revenue
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-6
June 1 Cash ...................................................................... 5,000

Common Stock ............................................. 5,000
2 Equipment ............................................................ 1,100

Accounts Payable ........................................ 1,100
3 Rent Expense ....................................................... 500

Cash............................................................... 500
12 Accounts Receivable ........................................... 700

Service Revenue........................................... 700
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-7
The basic steps in the recording process are:
1. Analyze each transaction. In this step, source documents are exam-

ined to determine the effects of the transaction on the accounts.
2. Enter each transaction in a journal. This step is called journalizing and

it results in making a chronological record of the transactions.
3. Transfer journal information to ledger accounts. This step is called

posting. Posting makes it possible to accumulate the effects of jour-
nalized transactions on individual accounts.
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-8
(a) Basic Analysis (b) Debit-Credit Analysis
Aug. 1 The asset Cash is increased; Debits increase assets:

the stockholders’ equity debit Cash $10,000.
account Common Stock is Credits increase stockholders’
increased. equity: credit Common Stock
$10,000.
4 The asset Prepaid Insurance Debits increase assets:

is increased; the asset Cash debit Prepaid Insurance $1,500.
is decreased. Credits decrease assets:
credit Cash $1,500.
16 The asset Cash is increased; Debits increase assets:

the revenue Service debit Cash $900.
Revenue is increased. Credits increase revenues:
credit Service Revenue $900.
27 The expense Salaries Debits increase expenses:

Expense is increased; the debit Salaries Expense $500.
asset Cash is decreased. Credits decrease assets:
credit Cash $500.
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-9
Aug. 1 Cash ....................................................................... 10,000

Common Stock .............................................. 10,000
4 Prepaid Insurance ................................................. 1,500

Cash................................................................ 1,500
16 Cash ....................................................................... 900

Service Revenue............................................ 900
27 Salaries Expense................................................... 500

Cash................................................................ 500
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-10
Cash Service Revenue

5/12 1,900 5/5 3,800
5/15 2,000 5/15 2,000
Accounts Receivable
5/5 3,800 5/12 1,900
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-11
TROWMAN COMPANY
Trial Balance
June 30, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash............................................................................. $ 5,400
Accounts Receivable ................................................. 3,000
Equipment................................................................... 15,000
Accounts Payable ...................................................... $ 3,000
Common Stock ........................................................... 18,000
Dividends .................................................................... 1,200
Service Revenue......................................................... 8,600
Salaries Expense........................................................ 4,000
Rent Expense.............................................................. 1,000
$29,600 $29,600
BRIEF EXERCISE 3-12
PETTENGILL COMPANY
Trial Balance
December 31, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash ............................................................................. $20,800
Prepaid Insurance....................................................... 3,500
Accounts Payable....................................................... $ 2,500
Unearned Revenue ..................................................... 1,800
Common Stock ........................................................... 10,000
Retained Earnings ...................................................... 6,400
Dividends..................................................................... 5,000
Service Revenue ......................................................... 25,600
Salaries Expense ........................................................ 14,600
Rent Expense .............................................................. 2,400
$46,300 $46,300
SOLUTIONS TO DO IT! REVIEW EXERCISES
DO IT! 3-1

Accounts Accounts Common Retained Earnings
Cash + Receivable = Payable + Stock + Revenues – Expenses – Dividends
(1) +$20,000 +$20,000
(2) +$20,000 –20,000
(3) +$2,000 –$2,000
(4) –5,000 –$5,000
DO IT! 3-2
Josh would likely need the following accounts in which to record the trans-
actions necessary to ready his photography studio for opening day:
Cash (debit balance) Photography Equipment (debit balance)

Photography Supplies (debit balance) Accounts Payable (credit balance)
Notes Payable (credit balance) Common Stock (credit balance)
DO IT! 3-3
Each transaction that is recorded is entered in the general journal. The

three activities would be recorded as follows:
1. Cash ........................................................................... 8,000

Common Stock.................................................. 8,000
2. Photography Supplies.............................................. 1,100
Cash ................................................................... 400
Accounts Payable ............................................. 700
3. No entry because no transaction has occurred.
DO IT! 3-4
Cash
4/1 1,600 4/16 600
4/3 3,400 4/20 300
4/30 4,100
EXERCISE 3-1
3-10
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Accounts Property, Plant, Accounts Bonds Common Retained Earnings
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
Cash + Receivable + Supplies + and Equipment = Payable + Payable + Stock + Revenues – Expenses – Dividends
(1) +$100,000 +$100,000 Issued Stock
(2) +45,000 +$45,000
(3) –60,000 +$60,000
(4) +16,000 +$16,000 Service Revenue

Kimmel, Financial Accounting, 5/e, Solutions Manual
(5) +$4,200 +$4,200
(6) –5,600 –$5,600 Rent Expense
(7) +$10,000 +10,000 Service Revenue
(8) –28,000 –28,000 Salaries Expense
(9) –11,000 –$11,000 Dividends

$ 56,400 + $10,000 + $4,200 + $60,000 $4,200 + $45,000 + $100,000 + +$26,000 – $33,600 – $11,000
$130,600 $130,600
(For Instructor Use Only)
EXERCISE 3-2

Accounts Office Accounts Common Retained Earnings
Cash + Receivable + Equipment = Payable + Stock + Revenues – Expenses
(1) +$30,000 +$30,000
(2) –$ 4,000 –$4,000 Rent Expense
(3) +12,000 –$12,000
(4) +5,000 +$5,000 Service Revenue

(5) –11,000 –11,000 Utilities Expense
(6) +40,000 +$40,000 Issued Stock
(7) –30,000 –30,000
(8) +1,000 –1,000 Advertising Expense
$12,000 + –$12,000 + $30,000 = $ 1,000 + $40,000 + $5,000 – $16,000
$30,000 $30,000
EXERCISE 3-3
(a)
3-12
Account Debited Account Credited

(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
Trans- Basic Specific Normal Basic Specific Normal
action Type Account Effect Balance Type Account Effect Balance
1. Asset Cash Increase Debit Stockholders’ Common Increase Credit
Equity Stock
2. Asset Equipment Increase Debit Asset Cash Decrease Debit
3. Asset Supplies Increase Debit Liability Accounts Increase Credit

Payable
4. Asset Accounts Increase Debit Stockholders’ Service Increase Credit

Receivable Equity Revenue
5. Stockholder’s Advertising Increase Debit Asset Cash Decrease Debit

Equity Expense
6. Asset Cash Increase Debit Asset Accounts Decrease Debit

Receivable
7. Liability Accounts Decrease Credit Asset Cash Decrease Debit
Payable
8. Stockholders’ Dividends Increase Debit Asset Cash Decrease Debit

Equity
EXERCISE 3-3 (Continued)
(b)
General Journal
Trans. Account Titles Debit Credit
1. Cash ................................................................... 15,000
Common Stock.......................................... 15,000
2. Equipment ......................................................... 8,000

Cash ........................................................... 8,000
3. Supplies............................................................. 300
Accounts Payable ..................................... 300
4. Accounts Receivable........................................ 3,600

Service Revenue ....................................... 3,600
5. Advertising Expense ........................................ 200

Cash ........................................................... 200
6. Cash ................................................................... 1,100

Accounts Receivable ................................ 1,100
7. Accounts Payable............................................. 300

Cash ........................................................... 300
8. Dividends........................................................... 400
Cash ........................................................... 400
EXERCISE 3-4
(a)
General Journal
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
Apr. 1 Cash ................................................................. 15,000
Common Stock ........................................ 15,000
4 Supplies ........................................................... 5,200

Accounts Payable ................................... 5,200
7 Accounts Receivable...................................... 3,400

Service Revenue ..................................... 3,400
(Billed clients for services
rendered)
12 Cash ................................................................. 700

Service Revenue ..................................... 700
(Received cash for revenue
earned)
15 Salaries Expense ............................................ 900

Cash ......................................................... 900
(Paid salaries)
25 Accounts Payable ........................................... 3,500

Cash ......................................................... 3,500
(Paid creditors on account)
29 Cash ................................................................. 800

Accounts Receivable .............................. 800
(Received cash in payment of
account)
30 Cash ................................................................. 600

Unearned Revenue.................................. 600
(Received cash for future
services)
(b) SUTTON GARDENING COMPANY, INC.

Trial Balance
April 30, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash ..................................................................... $12,700
Accounts Receivable.......................................... 2,600
Supplies ............................................................... 5,200
Accounts Payable ............................................... $ 1,700
Unearned Revenue ............................................. 600
Common Stock.................................................... 15,000
Service Revenue ................................................. 4,100
Salaries Expense ................................................ 900
$21,400 $21,400
EXERCISE 3-5
(a) Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts Stockholders’
Cash + Equipment = Payable + Equity
Sept. 1 +$20,000 +$20,000 Issued stock
5 –2,000 +$10,000 +$ 8,000
25 –5,000 –5,000
30 –500 –500 Dividends
$ 12,500 + $10,000 = $ 3,000 + $19,500
$22,500.. $22,500
(b)
General Journal J1
Date Account Titles Debit Credit
Sept. 1 Cash................................................................ 20,000
Common Stock....................................... 20,000
5 Equipment ...................................................... 10,000

Cash ........................................................ 2,000
Accounts Payable .................................. 8,000
25 Accounts Payable.......................................... 5,000

Cash ........................................................ 5,000
30 Dividends ....................................................... 500

Cash ........................................................ 500
(c)
Cash Common Stock
9/1 20,000 9/5 2,000 9/1 20,000
9/25 5,000 Bal. 20,000
9/30 500
Bal. 12,500
Dividends
9/30 500
Equipment Bal. 500
9/5 10,000
Bal. 10,000
Accounts Payable
9/25 5,000 9/5 8,000
Bal. 3,000
EXERCISE 3-6
(a)
Cash Notes Payable
Aug. 1 5,000 Aug. 12 1,200 Aug. 12 5,000
10 1,700 Bal. 5,000
31 600
Bal. 6,100
Common Stock
Aug. 1 5,000
Accounts Receivable Bal. 5,000
Aug. 25 3,100 Aug. 31 600
Bal. 2,500
Service Revenue
Aug. 10 1,700
Office Equipment 25 3,100
Aug. 12 6,200 Bal. 4,800
Bal. 6,200
(b) GIPSON INC.

Trial Balance
August 31, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash...................................................................... $ 6,100
Accounts Receivable .......................................... 2,500
Office Equipment................................................. 6,200
Notes Payable ...................................................... $ 5,000
Common Stock .................................................... 5,000
Service Revenue.................................................. 4,800
$14,800 $14,800
EXERCISE 3-7
(a) Oct. 1 Cash ................................................................ 7,000

Common Stock ....................................... 7,000
10 Cash ................................................................ 750

Service Revenue .................................... 750
(Received cash for services
provided)
10 Cash ................................................................ 8,000

Notes Payable......................................... 8,000
(Obtained loan from bank)
20 Cash ................................................................ 800

Accounts Receivable ............................. 800
(Received cash in payment of
account)
20 Accounts Receivable..................................... 920

Service Revenue .................................... 920
(Billed clients for services
provided)
(b) BRUMBAUGH CO.

Trial Balance
October 31, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash...................................................................... $15,600
Accounts Receivable .......................................... 920
Supplies ............................................................... 220
Furniture............................................................... 3,000
Notes Payable ...................................................... $ 8,000
Accounts Payable ............................................... 1,500
Common Stock .................................................... 9,000
Dividends ............................................................. 300
Service Revenue.................................................. 2,470
Store Wages Expense ......................................... 500
Supplies Expense................................................ 180
Rent Expense....................................................... 250
$20,970 $20,970
EXERCISE 3-8
(a) (b) (c)

Error In Balance Difference Larger Column
1. No $400 Debit
2. Yes — —
3. Yes — —
4. No 300 Credit
5. Yes — —
6. No 36 Credit
EXERCISE 3-9
(a) (b)
Normal Balance Balance Sheet or
Account Debit or Credit Income Statement
Accounts payable Credit Balance sheet
Accounts receivable Debit Balance sheet
Common stock Credit Balance sheet
Depreciation expense Debit Income statement
Interest expense Debit Income statement
Interest income Credit Income statement
Inventories Debit Balance sheet
Prepaid expenses Debit Balance sheet
Property and equipment Debit Balance sheet
Revenues Credit Income statement
EXERCISE 3-10
1. Financing activity
3. Investing activity
4. Operating activity
5. Non-cash event
7. Non-cash event
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM
PROBLEM 3-1A
PROBLEM 3-1A (Continued)
(b) Service Revenue ....................................................... $6,000

Expenses
Salaries Expense............................................... $3,400
Rent Expense .................................................... 1,400
Advertising Expense......................................... 500 5,300
Net income ................................................. $ 700
OR
Increase in retained earnings ($600 – $0)............... $600

Add: Dividends ....................................................... 100
Net income ................................................................ $700
TAKAHASHI CONSULTING INC.
3-24
(a) Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity

Accounts Office Notes Accounts Common Retained
Date Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Equipment = Payable + Payable + Stock + Earnings

November 1 $15,000 $15,000
2 –1,000 –$1,000 Rent Expense
3 $750 $ 750
5 –400 –400 Advertising Expense
PROBLEM 3-2A
9 800 800 Service Revenue
12 –100 –100 Dividends
15 $4,400 4,400 Service Revenue
17 –2,100 –2,100 Salaries Expense

20 –750 –750
23 1,800 –1,800
26 8,000 $8,000
29 –200 $3,500 3,300
30 –220 –220 Utilities Expense
$20,830 + $2,600 + $750 + $3,500 = $8,000 + $3,300 + $15,000 + $1,380
$27,680 $27,680
(b) TAKAHASHI CONSULTING INC.

Income Statement
For the Month Ended November 30, 2007
Revenues
Service revenue ($800 + $4,400) ................... $5,200
Expenses
Salaries expense ............................................ $2,100
Rent expense.................................................. 1,000
Advertising expense ...................................... 400
Utilities expense............................................. 220
Total expenses ....................................... 3,720
Net income ............................................................. $1,480
(c) TAKAHASHI CONSULTING INC.

Balance Sheet
November 30, 2007
Assets
Current assets
Cash ........................................................................ $20,830
Accounts receivable.............................................. 2,600
Supplies ................................................................. 750
Total current assets ....................................... $24,180
Office equipment ................................................... 3,500
Total assets .................................................... $27,680
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities
Notes payable ........................................................ $ 8,000
Accounts payable .................................................. 3,300
Total current liabilities................................... $11,300
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock....................................................... 15,000
Retained earnings ($0 + $1,480 – $100) ............... 1,380 16,380
Total liabilities and stockholders’
equity .......................................................... $27,680
(a) DIN LIU INC.
3-26
Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity

Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Equipment = Payable + Payable + Stock + Earnings
Mar. 31 Bal. $6,500 + $2,000 + $800 + $7,000 = $4,700 + $8,000 + $3,600
1. +1,300 –1,300
2. –3,200 –3,200
PROBLEM 3-3A
3. +4,000 +3,100 +7,100 Service Revenue
4. –200 +1,000 +800

5. –3,780 –2,700 Salaries Expense

–800 Rent Expense
–280 Advertising Expense
6. –400 –400 Dividends
7. +3,500 +$3,500
8. +320 –320 Utilities Expense
$7,720 + $3,800 + $800 + $8,000 = $3,500 + $2,620 + $8,000 + $6,200

$20,320 $20,320
(b) DIN LIU INC.

Income Statement
For the Month Ended April 30, 2007
Revenues
Service revenue................................................. $7,100
Expenses
Salaries expense ............................................... $2,700
Rent expense..................................................... 800
Utilities expense................................................ 320
Advertising expense ......................................... 280
Total expenses .......................................... 4,100
Net income ................................................................ $3,000
DIN LIU INC.

Retained Earnings Statement
For the Month Ended April 30, 2007
Retained earnings, April 1 ......................................................... $3,600

Add: Net income ....................................................................... 3,000
6,600
Less: Dividends ......................................................................... 400
Retained earnings, April 30 ....................................................... $6,200
DIN LIU INC.

Balance Sheet
April 30, 2007
Assets
Current assets
Cash.................................................................. $7,720
Accounts receivable........................................ 3,800
Supplies............................................................ 800
Total current assets................................. $12,320
Office equipment ............................................. 8,000
Total assets .............................................. $20,320

Current liabilities
Notes payable .................................................. $3,500
Accounts payable............................................ 2,620
Total current liabilities............................. $ 6,120
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock................................................. 8,000
Retained earnings ........................................... 6,200 14,200
equity .................................................... $20,320
PROBLEM 3-4A

May 1 Cash.................................................................. 80,000
Common Stock......................................... 80,000
3 Land .................................................................. 20,000

Buildings .......................................................... 30,000
Equipment ........................................................ 10,000
Cash .......................................................... 60,000
(Purchased BoardWorld)
5 Advertising Expense ....................................... 500

Cash .......................................................... 500
(Paid for advertising)
6 Prepaid Insurance ........................................... 6,000

Cash .......................................................... 6,000
(Paid for one-year insurance policy)
10 Equipment ........................................................ 4,600

Accounts Payable .................................... 4,600
(Purchased equipment on account)
18 Cash.................................................................. 1,500
Revenue .................................................... 1,500
(Received cash for revenue earned)
19 Cash (150 X $40) .............................................. 6,000

Unearned Revenue .................................. 6,000
(Received cash for coupon books
sold)
25 Dividends ......................................................... 300

Cash .......................................................... 300
(Payment of cash dividend)

May 30 Salaries Expense............................................. 1,280
Cash.......................................................... 1,280
(Paid salaries expense)

Cash.......................................................... 4,600
(Paid creditor on account)
31 Cash ................................................................. 1,100

Revenue ................................................... 1,100
PROBLEM 3-5A
(a)

Sept. 1 Cash.................................................................. 22,000
Common Stock......................................... 22,000
(Issued shares of stock for cash)
1 No entry—not a transaction.
2 Rent Expense ................................................... 1,500

Cash .......................................................... 1,500
(Paid monthly office rent)
3 Supplies............................................................ 1,150
Accounts Payable .................................... 1,150
(Purchased supplies on account
from Taliesin Company)
10 Accounts Receivable....................................... 1,700

Service Revenue ...................................... 1,700
(Billed clients for services rendered)
11 Cash.................................................................. 800
Unearned Revenue .................................. 800
(Received cash advance for future
service)
20 Cash.................................................................. 4,900
Service Revenue ...................................... 4,900
30 Salaries Expense ............................................. 1,640

Cash .......................................................... 1,640
(Paid monthly salary)
30 Accounts Payable............................................ 600

Cash .......................................................... 600
(Paid Taliesin Company on account)
(b)
Cash Salaries Expense
9/1 22,000 9/2 1,500 9/30 1,640
9/11 800 9/30 1,640 Bal. 1,640
9/20 4,900 9/30 600
Bal. 23,960
Rent Expense
9/2 1,500
9/10 1,700
Bal. 1,700
Supplies
9/3 1,150
Bal. 1,150
Accounts Payable
9/30 600 9/3 1,150
Bal. 550
Unearned Revenue
9/11 800
Bal. 800
Common Stock
9/1 22,000
Bal. 22,000
Service Revenue
9/10 1,700
9/20 4,900
Bal. 6,600
(c) CASTLE ARCHITECTS INC.

Trial Balance
September 30, 2007
Debit Credit
Cash ..................................................................... $23,960
Supplies ............................................................... 1,150
Accounts Payable ............................................... $ 550
Common Stock.................................................... 22,000
Service Revenue ................................................. 6,600
Salaries Expense ................................................ 1,640
Rent Expense ...................................................... 1,500
$29,950 $29,950
PROBLEM 3-6A
(a) & (c)

Cash Common Stock
5/1 Bal. 3,700 5/15 1,600 5/1 Bal. 12,000
5/5 1,600 5/20 1,500 Bal. 12,000
5/29 200
5/31 360
Bal. 1,640 Dividends
5/29 200
Bal. 200
Accounts Receivable
5/1 Bal. 3,200 5/5 1,600
5/10 4,900 Service Revenue
Bal. 6,500 5/10 4,900
5/17 400
Bal. 5,300
Supplies
5/1 Bal. 900
Bal. 900 Salaries Expense
5/15 1,600
Bal. 1,600
Equipment
5/1 Bal. 9,300
Bal. 9,300 Utilities Expense
5/31 360
Bal. 360
Accounts Payable
5/20 1,500 5/1 Bal. 3,400
Bal. 1,900
Unearned Revenue
5/17 400 5/1 Bal. 1,700
Bal. 1,300
(b)

May 5 Cash.................................................................. 1,600
Accounts Receivable............................... 1,600
(Received collections from
customers on account)
10 Accounts Receivable....................................... 4,900

Service Revenue ...................................... 4,900
(Billed customers for services
performed)

Cash .......................................................... 1,600
(Paid employee salaries)
17 Unearned Revenue .......................................... 400

Service Revenue ...................................... 400
(Performed services for cus-
tomers who paid in advance)
20 Accounts Payable............................................ 1,500

Cash .......................................................... 1,500
29 Dividends ......................................................... 200

Cash .......................................................... 200
31 Utilities Expense .............................................. 360

Cash .......................................................... 360
(Paid utilities)
(d) DOMINIC COMPANY

Trial Balance
May 31, 2007
Debit Credit
Cash...................................................................... $ 1,640
Supplies ............................................................... 900
Equipment............................................................ 9,300
Unearned Revenue.............................................. 1,300
Common Stock .................................................... 12,000
Dividends ............................................................. 200
Service Revenue.................................................. 5,300
Salaries Expense................................................. 1,600
Utilities Expense.................................................. 360
$20,500 $20,500
PROBLEM 3-7A
ARIAS CO.
Trial Balance
March 31, 2007
Debit Credit
Cash ($3,240 + $240 – $420)............................... $ 3,060
Accounts Receivable ($3,656 + $34 – $340) ..... 3,350
Supplies ($800 + $160) ....................................... 960
Equipment ($4,360 – $160) ................................. 4,200
Accounts Payable ($2,720 + $240 – $420)......... $ 2,540
Unearned Revenue ($1,200 + $900)................... 2,100
Common Stock ($7,100 + $400) ......................... 7,500
Dividends ($800 + $400) ..................................... 1,200
Service Revenue ($5,420 – $900)....................... 4,520
Office Expense ($660 + $130) ............................ 790
$16,660 $16,660
PROBLEM 3-8A
(a) & (c)

Cash Common Stock
4/1 Bal. 31,000 4/1 3,000 4/1 Bal. 160,000
4/8 11,400 4/13 19,400 Bal. 160,000
4/18 9,800 4/14 14,000
4/30 1,040 4/15 600
4/30 23,000 4/30 5,200 Admission Revenue
Bal. 34,040 4/8 11,400
4/18 9,800
4/30 23,000
4/30 1,040
Bal. 1,040
Concession Revenue
4/30 2,080
Land Bal. 2,080
4/1 Bal. 52,000
Bal. 52,000
Advertising Expense
4/15 600
Buildings Bal. 600
4/1 Bal. 64,000
Bal. 64,000
Film Rental Expense
4/1 15,000
Equipment 4/14 14,000
4/1 Bal. 35,000 Bal. 29,000
Bal. 35,000
Salaries Expense
Accounts Payable 4/30 5,200
4/13 19,400 4/1 Bal. 22,000 Bal. 5,200
4/1 12,000
Bal. 14,600
(b)

Apr. 1 Film Rental Expense ....................................... 15,000
Accounts Payable.................................... 12,000
Cash.......................................................... 3,000
(Rented films for cash and on
account)
8 Cash ................................................................. 11,400

Admission Revenue ................................ 11,400
(Received cash for admissions)
13 Accounts Payable ($12,000 + $7,400) ............ 19,400

Cash.......................................................... 19,400
14 Film Rental Expense ....................................... 14,000

Cash.......................................................... 14,000
(Paid film rental)
15 Advertising Expense....................................... 600

Cash.......................................................... 600
(Paid advertising expenses)
18 Cash ................................................................. 9,800

30 Salaries Expense............................................. 5,200

Cash.......................................................... 5,200

Apr. 30 Cash ................................................................. 1,040
Accounts Receivable...................................... 1,040
Concession Revenue (20% X $10,400) .... 2,080
(Received cash and balance on
account for concession revenue)
30 Cash ................................................................. 23,000

Admission Revenue................................ 23,000
(d) BIG SKY THEATER INC.

Trial Balance
April 30, 2007
Debit Credit
Cash................................................................... $ 34,040
Accounts Receivable ....................................... 1,040
Land................................................................... 52,000
Buildings ........................................................... 64,000
Equipment......................................................... 35,000
Accounts Payable ............................................ $ 14,600
Common Stock ................................................. 160,000
Admission Revenue ......................................... 44,200
Concession Revenue ....................................... 2,080
Advertising Expense........................................ 600
Film Rental Expense ........................................ 29,000
Salaries Expense.............................................. 5,200
$220,880 $220,880
PROBLEM 3-9A
Error (a) In Balance (b) Difference (c) Larger Column

1. No $900 Credit
2. Yes None N/A
3. No $270 Debit
4. No $250 Credit
5. No $500 Credit
6. Yes None N/A
7. Yes None N/A
8. Yes None N/A
3-42
(a) FLINT HILLS TRAVEL AGENCY INC.

Accounts Office Accounts Common Retained Earnings

Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Equipment = Payable + Stock + Revenues – Expenses – Dividends
1. +$25,000 +$25,000
2. –900 –$900 Rent Expense
3. –2,800 +$2,800
PROBLEM 3-1B
4. +$200 –200 Advertising Expense
5. –500 +$500
6. +1,000 +$9,000 +$10,000 Service Revenue
7. –400 –$400 Dividends
8. –200 –200
9. –1,200 –1,200 Salaries Expense
10. +9,000 –9,000
$29,000 + $ 0 + $500 + $2,800 = $ 0 + $25,000 + $10,000 – $2,300 – $400
$32,300 $32,300
PROBLEM 3-1B (Continued)
(b) Service Revenue ....................................................... $10,000

Expenses
Salaries Expense............................................... $1,200
Rent Expense .................................................... 900
Advertising Expense......................................... 200 2,300
Net income ................................................. $ 7,700
OR
Revenues................................................................... $10,000
Less: Expenses........................................................ 2,300
Net income ................................................................ $ 7,700
3-44
(a) SPEEDY SERVICE INC.


Accounts Delivery Notes Accounts Common Retained Earnings
Date Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Van = payable + Payable + Stock + Revenues – Expenses – Dividends
June 1 $15,000 $15,000
2 –2,000 +$15,000 +$13,000
3 –500 –$500 Rent Expense
5 +$2,400 +$2,400 Service Revenue
PROBLEM 3-2B
9 –300 –$300 Dividends
12 +$150 +$150
15 +750 –750
17 +200 –200 Gasoline Expense
20 +1,500 +1,500 Service Revenue
23 –800 –800
26 –250 –250 Utilities Expense
29 –150 –150
30 –750 –750 Salaries Expense
$12,500 + $1,650 + $150 + $15,000 = $12,200 + $200 + $15,000 + $3,900 – $1,700 – $300
$29,300 $29,300
(b) SPEEDY SERVICE INC.

Income Statement
For the Month Ended June 30, 2010
Revenues
Service revenue ($2,400 + $1,500) ................ $3,900
Expenses
Salaries expense ............................................ $750
Rent expense.................................................. 500
Utilities expense............................................. 250
Gasoline expense........................................... 200
Total expenses ....................................... 1,700
Net income ............................................................. $2,200
(c) SPEEDY SERVICE INC.

Balance Sheet
June 30, 2010
Assets
Current Assets
Cash ................................................................ $12,500
Accounts receivable ...................................... 1,650
Supplies .......................................................... 150
Total current assets ............................... $14,300
Delivery van............................................................ 15,000
Total assets .................................................... $29,300

Current Liabilities
Notes payable................................................. $12,200
Accounts payable .......................................... 200
Total liabilities ........................................ $12,400
Common stock ............................................... 15,000
Retained earnings*......................................... 1,900 16,900
equity................................................... $29,300
*($0 + $2,200 – $300)
3-46
(a) DICK REBER INC.


Cash + Receivable + Supplies + Equipment = payable + Payable + Stock + Earnings + Revenues– Expenses – Dividends
July 31 $4,000 + $2,500 + $500 + $5,000 = $4,200 + $6,200 + $1,600
Bal.
Aug. 1 +1,500 –1,500
2 –2,700 –2,700
3 +3,000 +2,400 +$5,400 Service Revenue
PROBLEM 3-3B
4 –400 +4,000 +3,600
5 –2,650 –$1,400 Salaries Expense
–900 Rent Expense
–350 Advertising Expense
6 –700 –$700 Dividends
7 +5,000 +$5,000
8 +450 –450 Utilities Expense

$7,050 + $3,400 + $500 + $9,000 = $5,000 + $5,550 + $6,200 + $1,600 + $5,400 – $3,100 – $700
$19,950 $19,950
(b) DICK REBER INC.

Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31, 2010
Revenues
Service revenue................................................. $5,400
Expenses
Salaries expense ............................................... $1,400
Rent expense..................................................... 900
Utilities expense................................................ 450
Advertising expense ......................................... 350
Total expenses .......................................... 3,100
Net income ................................................................ $2,300
DICK REBER INC.

Retained Earnings Statement
For the Month Ended August 31, 2010
Retained earnings, August 1 ..................................................... $1,600

Add: Net income....................................................................... 2,300
3,900
Less: Dividends ......................................................................... 700
Retained earnings, August 31 ................................................... $3,200
DICK REBER INC.

Balance Sheet
August 31, 2010
Assets
Current assets
Cash.................................................................. $7,050
Accounts receivable........................................ 3,400
Supplies............................................................ 500
Total current assets................................. $10,950
Office equipment ............................................. 9,000
Total assets .............................................. $19,950

Current liabilities
Notes payable .................................................. $5,000
Accounts payable............................................ 5,550
Total current liabilities............................. $10,550
Common stock................................................. 6,200
Retained earnings ........................................... 3,200 9,400
equity .................................................... $19,950
PROBLEM 3-4B

Apr. 1 Cash ................................................................. 70,000
Common Stock ........................................ 70,000
4 Land.................................................................. 50,000
Cash.......................................................... 50,000
(Purchased land for cash)
8 Advertising Expense....................................... 1,200

(Incurred advertising expense on
account)

Cash.......................................................... 2,700
(Paid salaries)
13 Prepaid Insurance ........................................... 6,000

Cash.......................................................... 6,000
(Paid for one-year insurance policy)
17 Dividends ......................................................... 600

Cash.......................................................... 600
20 Cash ................................................................. 5,000

rendered)
25 Cash (100 X $75).............................................. 7,500

Unearned Admissions............................. 7,500
(Received advance for future
services)

Apr. 30 Cash................................................................. 7,900
Admission Revenue................................ 7,900
provided)
30 Accounts Payable........................................... 500

Cash ......................................................... 500
(Paid creditor on account)
PROBLEM 3-5B
(a)

Apr. 1 Cash.................................................................. 15,000
Common Stock ........................................ 15,000
(Issued shares of stock for cash)
2 Rent Expense................................................... 900

Cash .......................................................... 900
(Paid monthly office rent)
3 Supplies ........................................................... 1,000

(Purchased supplies on account
from Spring Green Company)
10 Accounts Receivable ...................................... 1,500

Service Revenue ...................................... 1,500
(Billed clients for services rendered)
11 Cash.................................................................. 500
Unearned Revenue .................................. 500
(Received cash advance for future
service)
20 Cash.................................................................. 2,300
Service Revenue ...................................... 2,300

Cash .......................................................... 1,500
(Paid monthly salary)
30 Accounts Payable ........................................... 300

Cash .......................................................... 300
(Paid Spring Green Company
on account)
(b)
Cash Salaries Expense
4/1 15,000 4/2 900 4/30 1,500
4/11 500 4/30 1,500 Bal. 1,500
4/20 2,300 4/30 300
Bal. 15,100
Rent Expense
4/2 900
Accounts Receivable Bal. 900
4/10 1,500
Bal. 1,500
Supplies
4/3 1,000
Bal. 1,000
Accounts Payable
4/30 300 4/3 1,000
Bal. 700
Unearned Revenue
4/11 500
Bal. 500
Common Stock
4/1 15,000
Bal. 15,000
Service Revenue
4/10 1,500
4/20 2,300
Bal. 3,800
(c) SUNFLOWER ARCHITECTS INC.

Trial Balance
April 30, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash ..................................................................... $15,100
Supplies ............................................................... 1,000
Accounts Payable ............................................... $ 700
Common Stock.................................................... 15,000
Service Revenue ................................................. 3,800
Rent Expense ...................................................... 900
$20,000 $20,000
PROBLEM 3-6B
(a) & (c)

Cash Common Stock
7/1 Bal. 12,532 7/9 2,100 7/1 Bal. 35,000
7/8 5,189 7/14 10,750 Bal. 35,000
7/11 6,100 7/30 5,373
7/31 400
Bal. 5,198 Dividends
7/31 400
Bal. 400
Accounts Receivable
7/1 Bal. 10,536 7/8 5,189
7/22 4,700 Dry Cleaning Revenue
Bal. 10,047 7/11 6,100
7/22 4,700
Bal. 10,800
Supplies
7/1 Bal. 3,512
7/17 720 Repair Expense
Bal. 4,232 7/30 492
Bal. 492
Equipment
7/1 Bal. 25,950 Salaries Expense
Bal. 25,950 7/9 2,100
7/30 3,114
Bal. 5,214
Accounts Payable
7/14 10,750 7/1 Bal. 15,800
7/17 720 Utilities Expense
Bal. 5,770 7/30 1,767
Bal. 1,767
Unearned Revenue
7/1 Bal. 1,730
Bal. 1,730
(b)

July 8 Cash ................................................................. 5,189
Accounts Receivable .............................. 5,189
(Received cash on account)

Cash.......................................................... 2,100
(Paid salaries)
11 Cash ................................................................. 6,100

Dry Cleaning Revenue ............................ 6,100
provided)

Cash.......................................................... 10,750
(Paid creditors)
17 Supplies ........................................................... 720

Accounts Payable.................................... 720
22 Accounts Receivable ...................................... 4,700

Dry Cleaning Revenue ............................ 4,700
(Billed for services provided)

Utilities Expense ............................................. 1,767
Repair Expense ............................................... 492
Cash.......................................................... 5,373
(Paid for various expenses)
31 Dividends ......................................................... 400

Cash.......................................................... 400
(d) CAPALDO DRY CLEANERS

Trial Balance
July 31, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash...................................................................... $ 5,198
Supplies ............................................................... 4,232
Equipment ............................................................ 25,950
Unearned Revenue .............................................. 1,730
Common Stock .................................................... 35,000
Dividends ............................................................. 400
Dry Cleaning Revenue ........................................ 10,800
Repair Expense ................................................... 492
Salaries Expense ................................................. 5,214
Utilities Expense.................................................. 1,767
$53,300 $53,300
PROBLEM 3-7B
TITUS CO.
Trial Balance
June 30, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash ($3,090 – $590 + $950)............................... $ 3,450
Accounts Receivable* ........................................ 3,820
Supplies ($800 – $340)........................................ 460
Equipment ($3,000 + $340) ................................. 3,340
Accounts Payable ($3,666 – $206 – $260)......... $ 3,200
Unearned Revenue ............................................. 1,200
Common Stock.................................................... 9,000
Dividends ($800 + $600) ..................................... 1,400
Service Revenue ................................................. 3,480
Salaries Expense ($3,600 + $500 – $600) .......... 3,500
Office Expense .................................................... 910
$16,880 $16,880
*$3,460 + $590 – $950 – $80 + $800
PROBLEM 3-8B
(a) & (c)

Cash Accounts Payable
4/1 Bal. 6,300 4/2 800 4/10 1,200 4/1 Bal. 2,300
4/9 4,900 4/10 3,200 4/20 900
4/25 3,000 4/12 460 Bal. 2,000
4/30 170 4/29 1,900
4/30 1,000
Bal. 7,010 Mortgage Payable
4/10 2,000 4/1 Bal. 8,000
Bal. 6,000
Accounts Receivable
4/30 170
Bal. 170 Common Stock
4/1 Bal. 20,000
Bal. 20,000
Prepaid Rentals
4/30 1,000
Bal. 1,000 Admission Revenue
4/9 4,900
4/25 3,000
Land Bal. 7,900
4/1 Bal. 10,000
Bal. 10,000
Concession Revenue
4/30 340
Buildings Bal. 340
4/1 Bal. 8,000
Bal. 8,000
Advertising Expense
4/12 460
Equipment Bal. 460
4/1 Bal. 6,000
Bal. 6,000
Film Rental Expense Salaries Expense

4/2 800 4/29 1,900
4/20 900 Bal. 1,900
Bal. 1,700
(b)

Apr. 2 Film Rental Expense ....................................... 800
Cash.......................................................... 800
(Paid film rental)
9 Cash ................................................................. 4,900

10 Mortgage Payable ........................................... 2,000

Accounts Payable ........................................... 1,200
Cash.......................................................... 3,200
(Made payments on mortgage
and accounts payable)
12 Advertising Expense....................................... 460

Cash.......................................................... 460
(Paid advertising expenses)
20 Film Rental Expense ....................................... 900

Accounts Payable ................................... 900
(Rented film on account)
25 Cash ................................................................. 3,000


Apr. 29 Salaries Expense ............................................ 1,900
Cash ......................................................... 1,900
30 Cash................................................................. 170
Accounts Receivable ..................................... 170
Concession Revenue (17% X $2,000)...... 340
(Received cash and balance on
account for concession revenue)
30 Prepaid Rentals .............................................. 1,000

Cash ......................................................... 1,000
(Paid cash for future film rental)
(d) GRANADA THEATER INC.

Trial Balance
April 30, 2010
Debit Credit
Cash.................................................................. $ 7,010
Accounts Receivable ...................................... 170
Prepaid Rentals ............................................... 1,000
Land.................................................................. 10,000
Buildings .......................................................... 8,000
Equipment ........................................................ 6,000
Accounts Payable ........................................... $ 2,000
Mortgage Payable............................................ 6,000
Common Stock ................................................ 20,000
Admission Revenue ........................................ 7,900
Concession Revenue ...................................... 340
Advertising Expense ....................................... 460
Film Rental Expense ....................................... 1,700
Salaries Expense ............................................. 1,900
$36,240 $36,240
PROBLEM 3-9B
Error (a) In Balance (b) Difference (c) Larger Column

1. No $600 Debit
2. Yes None N/A
3. Yes None N/A
4. No $350 Credit
5. Yes None N/A
6. Yes None N/A
7. No $900 Debit
8. Yes None N/A
BYP 3-1 FINANCIAL REPORTING PROBLEM
(a) 1. Increase 2. Decrease 3. Normal

Account Side Side Balance
Common Stock Right/Credit Left/Debit Credit
Accounts Payable Right/Credit Left/Debit Credit
Accounts Receivable Left/Debit Right/Credit Debit
Selling, Marketing, and
Administrative Expenses Left/Debit Right/Credit Debit
Prepaid Expenses Left/Debit Right/Credit Debit
Property, Plant, and Equipment Left/Debit Right/Credit Debit
Net Sales Right/Credit Left/Debit Credit
(b) 1. Cash is increased.

2. Cash is decreased.
3. Cash is decreased.
(c) 1. Cash is decreased or Interest Payable is increased.

2. Cash is decreased or Notes (or Mortgage) Payable is increased.
BYP 3-2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PROBLEM
(a) Tootsie Roll Hershey Foods

1. Accounts Receivable: debit 1. Inventories: debit
2. Property, Plant, and 2. Provision for Income
Equipment: debit Taxes: debit
3. Accounts Payable: credit 3. Accrued Liabilities: credit
4. Retained Earnings: credit 4. Common Stock: credit
5. Net Sales: credit 5. Interest Expense: debit
(b) The following other accounts are ordinarily involved:
1. Increase in Accounts Receivable: Service Revenue or Sales Reve-

nue is increased (credited).
2. Decrease in Notes Payable: Cash is decreased (credited).
3. Increase in Machinery: Notes Payable is increased (credited) or

Cash is decreased (credited).
4. Increase in Interest Income: Cash or Interest Receivable is in-

creased (debited).
BYP 3-3 RESEARCH CASE
(a) There are 15 items listed in this section. Students ranking of the top
three will vary. Their explanations for giving particular items high rank-
ings should provide a basis for good classroom discussion. An addi-
tional activity would be to apply these criteria to an actual annual report.
(b) The answers to this question will vary depending on the year. In 2006
the companies with the highest ranked annual reports were: Tellabs,
Inc., Manitowoc Co., Inc., Tyson Foods, TD Bank Financial Group, MDU
Resources, Scotiabank, F. Hoffmann-La Roche.
(c) The annual report is the primary mechanism for a company to com-
municate its result and financial position to outsiders. If outsiders think
that the company has made its best effort to communicate this infor-
mation effectively they may have more confidence in the result, and
may feel more comfortable relying on it to make decisions. On the
other hand, if outsiders feel that the company did not do its best to
communicate its results in an understandable fashion, or even tried to
conceal things, then they will be reluctant to rely on the annual report
as an information source.
BYP 3-4 INTERPRETING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CHIEFTAIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(a) One of the primary advantages to Chieftain of having no long-term debt

is that there is room for growth through the use of debt and the
company’s financial risk is greatly reduced. Another advantage is that
profitability is enhanced when there is no interest expense. A possible
disadvantage is that the company could expand more and earn a
greater return if the growth had been financed with long-term debt.
(b) An advantage to Chieftain from having a large cash balance is that

cash is available to finance such things as the drilling of new wells and
the investment in new technology. New opportunities may be seized
and expansions may be undertaken at the time most advantageous for
the business. A disadvantage is that cash earns little or no interest. A
higher rate of return might be generated on excess cash by some other
type of investment.
(c) Accounts payable, as purchases on credit, represent interest-free loans.

Business enterprises don’t pay cash unless the supplier requires
immediate payment. Nearly all exchange transactions are conducted
on 30-day or more credit.
BYP 3-5
(a) One advantage of using U.S. GAAP is that the U.S. financial markets are
the largest in the world, and by reporting under U.S. GAAP a company
is making it easier for these investors to evaluate the company. Also,
U.S. GAAP is widely respected as being a well designed approach to
financial reporting. A disadvantage of using U.S. GAAP for a foreign
company is that converting to U.S. GAAP will be costly. It will normally
require that the company keep records using the standards of its home
country, as well as U.S. GAAP.
(b) While there are many similarities between U.S. and Canadian standards,
some differences do exist. Sometimes these differences can result in
materially different results. Often it is not possible for analysts to make
adjustments to convert from one reporting model to another because
financial reports don’t typically provide enough detail to make such a
conversion. Therefore, making comparisons of companies that use
different reporting models can be time consuming, costly, and risky.
(c) Even if companies report financial information using the same GAAP,
in this case Canadian, it is still possible that they will apply the rules
differently. The application of GAAP in any country requires considerable
judgment. One company might apply the rules in a way that tends to
result in higher net income, while the other company might apply the rules
in a way that results in lower net income. Thus, even if both companies
use Canadian GAAP, significant problems can still arise when comparing
the results of the two companies.
(d) Despite the issues raised in part (c), the reality is that it is much easier to
compare the results of companies that use GAAP of the same country;
e.g., if both use U.S. standards or both use Canadian standards. For
example, under U.S. GAAP companies can choose different ways to
account for inventory, but U.S. GAAP also requires disclosures that
make comparison of companies that choose different methods easier.
BYP 3-6 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ON THE WEB
(a) CPA stands for Certified Public Accountant. CPAs work in public
accounting, business and industry, government, and education.
(b) “Public accounting” is a term that describes accountants who provide

audit services. Auditors review company financial records for accuracy
and accountability.
Public accountants also provide advice to clients regarding taxation

laws, computer technology, and management operations.
(c) A CPA needs:

strong communication and leadership skills,
critical thinking and big-picture perspectives,
strong analytical and computer skills,
well-rounded academic background that combines liberal arts &
science courses with accounting and business curriculum,
strong sense of ethics and integrity,
a professional manner to interact well with a variety of people.
(d) Salary ranges are: $52,000 – $62,250 during the first three years for a
CPA at a large firm;
$252,500 – $358,750 for Chief Financial Officer (CFO) & Treasurer at a
large corporation.
BYP 3-7 GROUP DECISION CASE
(a) May 1 Cash ................................................................ 15,000

Common Stock ....................................... 15,000
5 Correct.
7 Cash ................................................................ 500

Unearned Revenue ................................. 500
9 Hay and Feed Supplies .................................. 1,500

Accounts Payable................................... 1,500
14 Office Equipment ........................................... 800

Cash......................................................... 800
15 Dividends ........................................................ 400

Cash......................................................... 400
20 Cash ................................................................ 154

Riding Revenue ...................................... 154
31 Veterinary Expense........................................ 75
Accounts Payable................................... 75
(b) The error in the entries of May 14 and May 20 would prevent the trial
balance from balancing.
(c) Net income as reported .......................................... $4,500

Add: 5/9, Hay and feed expense .......................... $1,500
5/15, Salaries expense (Dividends
declared and paid) ................................... 400 1,900
6,400
Less: 5/7, Unearned boarding revenue ................ 500
Correct net income ................................................. $5,900
(d) Cash as reported ..................................................... $12,475

Add: 5/9, Purchase on account............................ $1,500
5/20, Transposition error ............................. 9 1,509
$13,984
BYP 3-8 COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY
To: Accounting Instructor
From: Accounting Student
Re: Steps in Recording Process
In the first transaction, bills totaling $6,000 were sent to customers for
services provided. Therefore, the asset Accounts Receivable is increased
$6,000 and the revenue Service Revenue is increased $6,000. Debits increase
assets and credits increase revenues, so the journal entry is:
Accounts Receivable ............................................................. 6,000

Service Revenue ............................................................. 6,000
(Billed customers for services provided)
The $6,000 amount is then posted to the debit side of the general ledger
account Accounts Receivable and to the credit side of the general ledger
account Service Revenue.
In the second transaction, $2,000 was paid in salaries to employees. Therefore,

the expense Salaries Expense is increased $2,000 and the asset Cash is
decreased $2,000. Debits increase expenses and credits decrease assets, so
the journal entry is:
Salaries Expense .................................................................... 2,000

Cash ................................................................................. 2,000
(Salaries paid)
The $2,000 amount is then posted to the debit side of the general ledger
account Salaries Expense and to the credit side of the general ledger
account Cash.
BYP 3-9 ETHICS CASE
(a) The stakeholders in this situation are:
• Monica Geller, assistant chief accountant.

• Users of the company’s financial statements.
• BIT Company.
(b) By adding $1,000 to the Equipment account, that account total is inten-
tionally misstated. By not locating the error causing the imbalance,
some other account may also be misstated by $1,000. If the amount of
$1,000 is determined to be immaterial, and the intent is not to commit
fraud (cover up an embezzlement or other misappropriation of assets),
Monica’s action might not be considered unethical in the preparation of
interim financial statements. However, if Monica is violating a company
accounting policy by her action, then she is acting unethically.
(c) Monica’s alternatives are:
1. Miss the deadline but find the error causing the imbalance.
2. Tell her supervisor of the imbalance and suffer the consequences.
3. Do as she did and locate the error later, making the adjustment in
the next quarter.
BYP 3-10 ETHICS CASE
(a) Employees in the rail unit accelerated revenue in each of the fourth
quarters from 2000 to 2003. That is, revenue that should have been
reported in the first quarter of a year was instead reported in the fourth
quarter of the previous year.
(b) One possible motivation for engaging in this activity is that bonuses
are frequently based on annual results. If it appeared that the rail unit
was not going to meet the performance level required for bonuses, the
employees may have shifted the revenue recognition forward on these
sales in order to boost annual results to meet performance targets.
(c) The employees were fired. In addition, the matter was being investigated
by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
(d) To restate financial statements means to actually issue new financial

statements to replace those that were previously issued. We are told
that, for example, 2002 revenue was overstated by $158 million, and
net income was overstated by $22 million. While these numbers seem
large, to GE they are immaterial. $22 million was less than 0.2% of the
company’s net income. As a percentage of GE’s total results the errors
are not large enough to change investors’ evaluation of the company.
BYP 3-11 ALL ABOUT YOU ACTIVITY
We address the issue of contingent liabilities with greater precision in

Chapter 10. Our primary interest in this exercise is to engage students in a
discussion regarding the general nature of the financial statement elements
(assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses).
(a) By taking out the bank loan your friend has incurred a liability. You do
not have a liability unless your friend defaults, or unless it becomes
clear that he will default. The loan application may, however, require you
to disclose any guarantees that you have signed, since they represent
potential liabilities.
(b) Accounting standards have specific requirements regarding account-

ing for situations where there is uncertainty regarding whether a liability
has been incurred. Those standards require an evaluation of the pro-
bability of an amount being owed. Without going into detail regarding
those standards, the basic idea is that if it is probable that you will
owe money, then you should accrue a liability. If it is not probable, but
it is possible that you will owe money, then you should disclose facts
regarding the situation. The most important point is that this event has
the potential to materially impact your finances, and therefore you have
a responsibility to disclose it to the bank in some form.
(c) Losing your job would not create a financial liability, although it would
most certainly reduce your revenues. You are obviously concerned that
you might lose your job, but you don’t have specific information that
would suggest that it will happen. Therefore, you probably don’t have
an obligation to disclose this information to the bank. However, unless
you are relatively certain that you would be able to find suitable employ-
ment relatively quickly, you might want to wait until your job situation
has stabilized before pursuing a loan of this size.

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CHAPTER 3

The Accounting Information System

4. (a) Decrease assets and decrease stockholders’ equity.

9. (a) Asset accounts are increased by debits and decreased by credits.

10. (a) Accounts Receivable—debit balance.

11. (a) Accounts Receivable—asset—debit balance.

12. (a) Debit Supplies and credit Accounts Payable.

13. (a) Cash—both debit and credit entries.

15. The basic steps in the recording process are:

16. (a) The debit should be entered first.

18. (a) Cash........................................................................................................... 12,000

(b) Prepaid Insurance ..................................................................................... 800

(c) Supplies .................................................................................................... 1,500

(d) Cash .......................................................................................................... 7,500

21. The proper sequence is as follows:

22. (a) The trial balance would balance.

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-1

Assets Liabilities Stockholders’ Equity

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-2

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-3

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-4

Account Debited Account Credited

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-6

June 1 Cash ...................................................................... 5,000

2 Equipment ............................................................ 1,100

3 Rent Expense ....................................................... 500

12 Accounts Receivable ........................................... 700

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-7

The basic steps in the recording process are:

1. Analyze each transaction. In this step, source documents are exam-

2. Enter each transaction in a journal. This step is called journalizing and

3. Transfer journal information to ledger accounts. This step is called

(a) Basic Analysis (b) Debit-Credit Analysis

Aug. 1 The asset Cash is increased; Debits increase assets:

4 The asset Prepaid Insurance Debits increase assets:

16 The asset Cash is increased; Debits increase assets:

27 The expense Salaries Debits increase expenses:

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-9

Aug. 1 Cash ....................................................................... 10,000

4 Prepaid Insurance ................................................. 1,500

16 Cash ....................................................................... 900

27 Salaries Expense................................................... 500

Cash Service Revenue

BRIEF EXERCISE 3-11

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

Cash (debit balance) Photography Equipment (debit balance)

Each transaction that is recorded is entered in the general journal. The

1. Cash ........................................................................... 8,000

Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

(1) +$100,000 +$100,000 Issued Stock

(2) +45,000 +$45,000

(3) –60,000 +$60,000

(4) +16,000 +$16,000 Service Revenue

(5) +$4,200 +$4,200

(6) –5,600 –$5,600 Rent Expense

(7) +$10,000 +10,000 Service Revenue

(8) –28,000 –28,000 Salaries Expense