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Hassan Kamran: Assignment No. 1 Sap: 70067865 Section: S CCN

The document discusses differences between various networking concepts: - TCP is connection-oriented and reliable while UDP is connectionless and unreliable. TCP provides error checking and sequencing while UDP only provides basic error checking. - Nyquist theorem deals with sampling rates while Shannon's theorem predicts maximum data throughput based on noise levels. - Synchronous transmission requires synchronized clocks while asynchronous transmission adds parity bits and uses start/stop bits. - Spatial sharing allows simultaneous device access to the link while temporal sharing requires devices to take turns accessing the link. - Periodic signals repeat at regular intervals while non-periodic signals do not have a repeating pattern.

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44 views4 pages

Hassan Kamran: Assignment No. 1 Sap: 70067865 Section: S CCN

The document discusses differences between various networking concepts: - TCP is connection-oriented and reliable while UDP is connectionless and unreliable. TCP provides error checking and sequencing while UDP only provides basic error checking. - Nyquist theorem deals with sampling rates while Shannon's theorem predicts maximum data throughput based on noise levels. - Synchronous transmission requires synchronized clocks while asynchronous transmission adds parity bits and uses start/stop bits. - Spatial sharing allows simultaneous device access to the link while temporal sharing requires devices to take turns accessing the link. - Periodic signals repeat at regular intervals while non-periodic signals do not have a repeating pattern.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Hassan Kamran

Assignment No. 1
Sap: 70067865
Section: S
CCN

10-9-2019
Q1: Difference between TCP and UDP.

Ans 1: The main difference between TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User
Datagram Protocol) is as fallow:

TCP UDP
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is the Datagram oriented protocol. This
Connection-orientation means that the is because there is no overhead for opening a
communicating devices should establish a connection, maintaining a connection, and
connection before transmitting data and terminating a connection. UDP is efficient for
should close the connection after transmitting broadcast and multicast type of network
the data. transmission.
TCP is reliable as it guarantees delivery of The delivery of data to the destination cannot
data to the destination router. be guaranteed in UDP.
TCP provides extensive error checking
mechanisms. It is because it provides flow UDP has only the basic error checking
control and acknowledgment of data. mechanism using checksums.
Sequencing of data is a feature of
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). this There is no sequencing of data in UDP. If
means that packets arrive in-order at the ordering is required, it has to be managed by
receiver. the application layer.
UDP is faster, simpler and more efficient than
TCP is comparatively slower than UDP. TCP.
Retransmission of lost packets is possible in There is no retransmission of lost packets in
TCP, but not in UDP. User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
TCP has a (20-80) bytes variable length
header. UDP has a 8 bytes fixed length header.
TCP is heavy-weight. UDP is lightweight.
TCP doesn’t support Broadcasting. UDP supports Broadcasting.

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Q 2: Difference b/w Nyquist theorem and Shannon’s theorem.

Ans 2: The difference b/w Nyquist theorem and Shannon’s theorem are as fallow:

Nyquist Theorem Shannon’s Theorem


Deals with the concept of sampling rates. Has to do with throughput. Keep in mind
This is extremely important, since the that no cable or signal is perfectly clean.
measurement tool that you are using needs There is a lot of interference from other
to be able to sample faster than the source sources that cause noise on the line.
of data. The general rule of thumb is that What Shannon's theorem does is
your sampling rate must be at least two predicts the speed of the data that you
times the rate of the data you are can push through the cable before noise
sampling. becomes a factor

Q 3: Difference b/w synchronous and asynchronous.

Ans 3: The difference between synchronous asynchronous transmission is as fallow:

Synchronous Transmission Asynchronous Transmission

One of the major differences is that in


Synchronous Transmission, the sender and Asynchronous Transmission does not require
receiver should have synchronized clocks a clock, but it adds a parity bit to the data
before data transmission. before transmission.
asynchronous method employs start/stop bits,
in order to alert the modem when data are
being sent and when are these transmissions
Synchronous transmission uses are completed are known as message
synchronization characters characters.
Sends data in the form of blocks or frames Sends 1 byte or character at a time

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Q 4: Differentiate b/w spatial shared capacity and temporal sharing.

Ans 4: Spatial Shared Capacity:


If several devices can share the link simultaneously, it’s called Spatially shared line
configuration.

Temporal Shared Capacity:


If users must take turns using the link, then it’s called Temporally shared or Time-Shared Line
Configuration – Temporal Shared Capacity.

Q 5: Difference b/w periodic and non-periodic signal.

Ans 5: The main difference b/w periodic and non-periodic signal is as fallow:

Periodic Signal Non-Periodic Signal


A signal which repeats itself after a specific A signal which does not repeat itself after a
interval of time is called periodic signal specific interval of time is called aperiodic
signal.
A signal that repeats its pattern over a period A signal that does not repeats its pattern over
is called periodic signal a period is called aperiodic signal or non-
periodic.
Continuous time signals are said to be Get over in limited time called aperiodic or
periodic non-periodic
They can be represented by mathematical They cannot be represented by mathematical
signals. signals.
Their value can be determined at any point of Their value cannot be determined with
time. certainty at any given point of time.
They are deterministic signals They are random signals.
E.g.: graph of sine cosine square sawtooth. E.g.: Sound signal from radio, all types of
sound signals, etc.

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