Scribd
Upload
87 views

Lecture2 10 PDF

Uploaded by

biruk1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
87 views

Lecture2 10 PDF

Uploaded by

biruk1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: TURBULENT FLOWS: FEATURES

Lecture 37
TURBULENT FLOWS: REYNOLDS AVERAGING

37.1 REYNOLDS DECOMPOSITION


Turbulent flows involve randomly fluctuating flow variables (velocity, pressure, temperature,
etc.). Osborne Reynolds suggested that a flow variable at a given spatial point at a given
instant can be represented as the sum of a mean value and a random fluctuation about this
mean value. Such decomposition is referred to as Reynolds decomposition and the process of
obtaining the average (or mean) value is referred to as Reynolds averaging. Thus, for any
flow variable  , its spatio-temporal variation can be expressed as

  xi , t     xi      x, t  (37.1)
where  is the mean value and   represents the fluctuating component. For statistically
steady turbulent flows,  is the time average defined as
T
1
 ( xi )  lim    xi , t  (37.2)
T  T
0
where T represents the averaging interval which must be large compared to the typical time
scales of fluctuations. For unsteady flows,  represents ensemble averaging defined as
N
1
  xi , t   lim
N  N
  x , t 
n 1
n i (37.3)

where N is the number of identical experiments. The Reynolds decomposition (37.1) and
averaging procedure (37.2) or (37.3) represent linear operators. Hence, the following
properties hold for algebra of averages and fluctuations of any two flow variables  and  :
 
   0   ,     , s s
 ,   ds    ds
(37.4)
     ,       ,    ,    0

37.2 REYNOLDS AVERAGED NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS


We can apply Reynolds averaging to the continuity and momentum equations for an
incompressible flow and use properties (37.4) to obtain the following set of equations
(usually called Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations):
   vi 
Continuity: 0 (37.5)
xi
   vi     vi v j  p   ij   ij 
R

Momentum:    (37.6)
xi x j xi x j
where  ijR    vivj is called the Reynolds stress tensor. Similarly, Reynolds averaged
transport equation for a scalar ϕ can be obtained as

Dr K M Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee NPTEL 37.1


COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: TURBULENT FLOWS: FEATURES

Scalar transport:
     v   
  j  
 
   
 q Rj  (37.7)
t x j x j  x j 
 
where qR    vj  is called the turbulent flux. Presence of Reynolds stress and turbulent flux
j

terms in conservation equations requires their modelling in term of averaged quantities to


ensure closure.

FURTHER READING
Ferziger, J. H. And Perić, M. (2003). Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics. Springer.
Lesieur, M. (2008). Turbulence. 4th Ed., Springer, Berlin.

Pope, S. B. (2000). Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Versteeg, H. K. and Malalasekera, W. M. G. (2007). Introduction to Computational Fluid


Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method. Second Edition (Indian Reprint) Pearson Education.

Dr K M Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee NPTEL 37.2

You might also like