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Kinematics

This document discusses equations of kinematics for constant acceleration and their applications. It defines key terms like displacement, average speed, average velocity, and average acceleration. It then presents four kinematic equations that can be used to calculate displacement, velocity, and time given constant acceleration. The document provides two sample problems demonstrating how to use the equations to calculate distance traveled and time to pass another vehicle.

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Sheila Marie Amigo
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114 views4 pages

Kinematics

This document discusses equations of kinematics for constant acceleration and their applications. It defines key terms like displacement, average speed, average velocity, and average acceleration. It then presents four kinematic equations that can be used to calculate displacement, velocity, and time given constant acceleration. The document provides two sample problems demonstrating how to use the equations to calculate distance traveled and time to pass another vehicle.

Uploaded by

Sheila Marie Amigo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP 5: SHEILA MARIE M.

AMIGO, REE
FREDELENE P. FERNANDEZ, RN

Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration and its Applications

Position – relative to frame of reference (x or y)


Displacement – change in position (meters) - x = x2-x1

Not distance!!
1. Distance – scalar (magnitude)

2. Displacement – vector (magnitude and direction)


Must give a direction - For example East/West, up/down

x
Average Speed – distance per unit time (scalar) v
Average Velocity – displacement per unit time (vector)(meters/second) t
x = displacement
t = change in time
 v v  v0
2
Average Acceleration – change in velocity per unit time (vector) (meters/second ) a 
t t  t 0
v is final velocity
v0 is initial velocity (or at time 0)
Sign of a indicates direction of vector
Deceleration is just negative acceleration

Motion at Constant Acceleration


The notion of acceleration emerges when a change in velocity is combined with the time during which the change
occurs.
Equations of Kinematics for
Constant Acceleration

We are limited to calculations when acceleration is a constant.
We will use the mathematical definition of displacement, velocity, and acceleration to derive 4 Kinematic equations.

Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration

v  vo  at x  vot  12 at 2
x  12 vo  v  t v 2  vo2  2ax
= x -x
2 1
Five kinematic variables:
1. displacement, x
2. acceleration (constant), a
3. final velocity (at time t), v
4. initial velocity, vo
5. elapsed time, t

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
A car slows down uniformly from a speed of 21.0 m/s to rest in 6.00s. How far did it travel in this time?
Given v0=21.0m/s
v=0m/s
t=6.00s

x  x0  12 (v  v0 )t
x  12 (0  21m / s)(6s)  63m
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:

A car is behind a truck going 25m/s on the highway. The car’s driver looks for an opportunity to pass, guessing that his
car can accelerate at 1.0m/s2. He gauges that he has to cover the 20 m length of the truck, plus 10 m clear room at the
rear of the truck and 10 m more at the front of it. In the oncoming lane, he sees a car approaching, probably also
traveling at 25 m/s. He estimates that the car is about 400 m away. Should he attempt to pass?

x  x0  v0t  12 at 2
x  12 at 2
2x 2(40m)
t 
a 1m / s 2
t  8.94 s

x  vt
x  (25m / s)(8.94)
x  223.5m

x  vot  12 at 2
 6.0 m s 8.0 s   12 2.0 m s 2 8.0 s    2

 110 m

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