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Data Model

A data model organizes data by capturing cardinality and referential integrity rules to ensure data quality. It is used to get data in and out of applications and integrate data, as well as communicate how data is organized within and between teams. There are several types of data models including entity-relationship models, geographic data models, and semantic data models. Entity-relationship models produce conceptual data models top-down using relationships between entities and attributes. Geographic data models represent geography using points, lines, polygons, raster cell matrixes, or triangular irregular networks. Semantic data models define meaning of data within its relationships.

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55 views3 pages

Data Model

A data model organizes data by capturing cardinality and referential integrity rules to ensure data quality. It is used to get data in and out of applications and integrate data, as well as communicate how data is organized within and between teams. There are several types of data models including entity-relationship models, geographic data models, and semantic data models. Entity-relationship models produce conceptual data models top-down using relationships between entities and attributes. Geographic data models represent geography using points, lines, polygons, raster cell matrixes, or triangular irregular networks. Semantic data models define meaning of data within its relationships.

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Arun_Prasath_1679
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data model

A data model is used to organize data. A data model captures the cardinality and referential
integrity rules needed to ensure that the data is of good quality for the users.

A data model has 3 uses in an application which are getting data in, integrating data and getting
data out.

A data model is also used as a communication tool for teams to communicate within the team on
how data is organized and between teams.

Types of data models

Entity-relationship model

An entity-relationship model is an abstract conceptual data model (or semantic data model) used
in software engineering to represent structured data. Entity relationship models (ERMs) produce
a conceptual data model of a system, and its requirements in a top-down fashion. There are
several notations for data modeling. The actual model is frequently called "Entity relationship
model", because it depicts data in terms of the entities and relationships described in the data.

Geographic data model

A data model in Geographic information systems is a mathematical construct for representing


geographic objects or surfaces as data. For example,

 the vector data model represents geography as collections of points, lines, and polygons;
 the raster data model represent geography as cell matrixes that store numeric values;
 and the Triangulated irregular network (TIN) data model represents geography as sets of
contiguous, nonoverlapping triangles.[10]

Semantic data models.[9]

A semantic data model in software engineering is a technique to define the meaning of data
within the context of its interrelationships with other data. A semantic data model is an
abstraction which defines how the stored symbols relate to the real world.[9] A semantic data
model is sometimes called a conceptual data model.

Information systems differ in their business needs. Also depending upon different levels in
organization information systems differ. Three major information systems are

1. Transaction processing systems


2. Management information systems
3. Decision support systems
Transaction Processing Systems

TPS processes business transaction of the organization. Transaction can be any activity of the
organization. Transactions differ from organization to organization. For example, take a railway
reservation system. Booking, canceling, etc are all transactions. Any query made to it is a
transaction. However, there are some transactions, which are common to almost all
organizations. Like employee new employee, maintaining their leave status, maintaining
employees accounts, etc.

This provides high speed and accurate processing of record keeping of basic operational
processes. These include calculation, storage and retrieval.

Transaction processing systems provide speed and accuracy, and can be programmed to follow
routines functions of the organization.

Management Information Systems

These systems assist lower management in problem solving and making decisions. They use the
results of transaction processing and some other information also. It is a set of information
processing functions. It should handle queries as quickly as they arrive. An important element of
MIS is database.

A database is a non-redundant collection of interrelated data items that can be processed through
application programs and available to many users.

Decision Support Systems

These systems assist higher management to make long term decisions. These type of systems
handle unstructured or semi structured decisions. A decision is considered unstructured if there
are no clear procedures for making the decision and if not all the factors to be considered in the
decision can be readily identified in advance.

These are not of recurring nature. Some recur infrequently or occur only once. A decision
support system must very flexible. The user should be able to produce customized reports by
giving particular data and format specific to particular situations.
Assignment
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Information Technology
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Management

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