Presenter:

Mary Lord Lalangan Casiano

This course introduces students to the contemporary world
by;
 examining the multifaceted phenomenon of globalization.
 Using the various disciplines of the social sciences, it
examines the economic, social, political, technological,
and other transformations that have created an
increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of
peoples and places around the globe.
 providing an overview of the various debates in global
governance, development, and sustainability. Beyond
exposing the student to the world outside the Philippines,
it seeks to inculcate a sense of global citizenship and
global ethical responsibility.
• The student will;
– analyse globalization in the
contemporary world.
– describe the cultural and
intellectual integration of
countries into the world
economy through the
development of television,
satellites, and computers.
• Globalization is a term used to describe
the changes in societies and the world
economy that are the result of
dramatically increased trade and cultural
exchange.
• In specifically economic contexts, it
refers almost exclusively to the effects of
trade, particularly trade liberalization or
"free trade".
• It is a process by which the people of the world are
unified into a single society and function together.
– This process is a combination of economic,
technological, sociocultural and political forces.
– Globalization is often used to refer to ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION, that is, integration of national
economies into the international economy
through TRADE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT,
CAPITAL FLOWS, MIGRATION, AND THE SPREAD
OF TECHNOLOGY.
• Globalization plays a role just at international levels
of trade and commerce, but the fact is that it has
played an important role in making our lives much
more comfortable.
– The phones, apparels, gadgets or accessories
that we use in our day-to-day life are be available
to us through globalization.
• Knowingly or unknowingly, we are all under the
impact of globalization, and more importantly it has
helped in bringing international peace and justice to
mankind.
• It is the formation of the so called “formation of a
global village” – which means “closer contact
between different parts of the world, with increasing
possibilities of personal exchange, mutual
understanding and friendship between” - WORLD
CITIZENS
• Economic globalization - "free trade" and increasing
relations among members of an industry in different
parts of the world (globalization of an industry), with
a corresponding erosion of National Sovereignty in
the economic sphere.
Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the
growth in the world economy.
Increase in international flow of capital including foreign
direct investment.
Greater transborder data flow, using such technologies
such as the Internet, communication satellites and
telephones.
Greater international cultural exchange, for example
through the export of Hollywood and Bollywood movies.
Terrorism. Terrorists now have attacked places all
over the world.
Multiculturalism. Spreading of multiculturalism and
better individual access to cultural diversity, with on
the other hand, some reduction in diversity through
assimilation, hybridization, Westernization,
Americanization or Sinosization of cultures.
Erosion of national sovereignty and national borders
through international agreements leading to
organizations like the WTO and OPEC.
Greater international travel and tourism
Greater immigration, including illegal immigration
Development of global telecommunications infrastructure
Development of a global financial systems
Increase in the share of the world economy controlled by
multinational corporations
Increased role of international organizations such as WTO,
WIPO, IMF that deal with international transactions
Increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g.
copyright laws
Anti Globalization and Pro Globalization
Many anti-globalism activists see globalization as the
promotion of a Corporatist agenda, which is intent on
constricting the freedoms of individuals in the name of
profit.
They also claim that increasing autonomy and strength of
corporate entities increasingly shape the political policy
of nation-states.
Globalization imposes credit based economics, resulting
in unsustainable growth of debt and debt crises.
Supporters of free trade point out that economic theories
such as comparative advantage suggests that free trade
leads to a more efficient allocation of resources, with all
those involved in the trade benefitting. In general, they
claim that this leads to lower prices, more employment
and better allocation of resources.
The country is taking part in the process of
globalization ever since the country signed
agreements with World Trade Organization
in 1995.
Now, globalization is very effective in the
Philippines, it has allowed major changes in
the nation like more labor, and more Filipino
and foreign companies has emerged in the
nation in order to help the country’s
developing economy.
Globalization can make the Philippines into a better nation if
the Philippine leaders to make their economy more advance
through global trading and allowing more foreign investors to
the help boost the economy. And by accomplishing those
goals, the Philippines should be able to reduce the poverty
level as well as increase labor force for job opportunities for
those that are in need for a living. However, since the poverty
level is still increasing, most Filipinos has managed to find
work overseas and they have managed to seek better living
than in the Philippines. The most effective factor in the
Philippines is education. The society’s mentality is to be
educated and it’s with education that people in the nation see
their opportunity for a better life in the future
Most of the countries have resorted to trade
relations with each other in order to boost
their economy, leaving behind any bitter past
experiences if any.
Employment Considered as one of the most
crucial advantages, globalization has led to the
generation of numerous employment
opportunities.
Companies are moving towards the
developing countries to acquire labor force.
A very critical advantage that has aided the
population is the spread of education. With
numerous educational institutions around the
globe, one can move out from the home country
for better opportunities elsewhere.
Product Quality The product quality has been
enhanced so as to retain the customers. Today
the customers may compromise with the price
range but not with the quality of the product.
Low or poor quality can adversely affect
consumer satisfaction.
Globalization has brought in fierce competition in the
markets.
Communication Every single information is easily
accessible from almost every corner of the world.
Circulation of information is no longer a tedious task,
and can happen in seconds.
The Internet has significantly affected the global
economy, thereby providing direct access to
information and products.
Considered as the wheel of every business organization,
connectivity to various parts of the world is no more a
serious problem. Today with various modes of
transportation available, one can conveniently deliver the
products to a customer located at any part of the world.
GDP Increase Gross Domestic Product, commonly known
as GDP, is the money value of the final goods and services
produced within the domestic territory of the country
during an accounting year.
 Free trade is a policy in which a country does
not levy taxes, duties, subsidies or quota on
the import/export of goods or services from
other countries.
There are countries which have resolved to
free trade in specific regions. This allows
consumers to buy goods and services,
comparatively at a lower cost.
Globalization has promoted tourism to great heights.
International trade among different countries also helps in
increasing the number of tourists that visit different
places around the world.
External Borrowing With the help of globalization, there is
opportunity for corporate, national, and sub-national
borrowers to have better access to external finance, with
facilities such as external commercial borrowing and
syndicated loans.
Globalization has given rise to more health risks and
presents new threats and challenges for epidemics. -
the dawn of HIV/AIDS.
Having its origin in the wilderness of Africa, the virus
has spread like wildfire throughout the globe in no time. -
Food items are also transported to various countries, and
this is a matter of concern, especially in case of
perishable items.
With large number of people moving into and out of a
country, the culture takes a backseat. People may
adapt to the culture of the resident country. They
tend to follow the foreign culture more, forgetting
their own roots. This can give rise to cultural
conflicts.
Uneven Wealth Distribution It is said that the rich are
getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. In
the real sense, globalization has not been able to
reduce poverty.
The industrial revolution has changed the outlook of the
economy. Industries are using natural resources by means
of mining, drilling, etc. which puts a burden on the
environment.
Disparity Though globalization has opened new avenues
like wider markets and employment, there still exists a
disparity in the development of the economies. Structural
unemployment owes to the disparity created. Developed
countries are moving their factories to foreign countries
where labor is cheaply available
It has given rise to terrorism and other forms of violence.
Such acts not only cause loss of human life but also huge
economic losses.
Cut-throat Competition Opening the doors of international
trade has given birth to intense competition. This has
affected the local markets dramatically.
The local players thereby suffer huge losses as they lack
the potential to advertise or export their products on a
large scale. Therefore the domestic markets shrink.