A PROJECT REPORT

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degreeOf

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
This project mainly focuses on the controlling of home
appliances remotely and providing security when the
user is away from the place. The system is SMS based
and uses wireless technology to revolutionize the
standards of living. This system provides ideal solution to
the problems faced by home owners in daily life. The
system is wireless therefore more adaptable and cost-
effective.This system provides security against intrusion
as well as automates various home appliances using SMS.
The system uses GSM technology thus providing
ubiquitous access to the system or security and
automated appliance control.
The aim of the paper is to investigate a cost effective
solution that will provide controlling of home appliances
remotely and will also enable home security against
intrusion in the absence of home owner.The motivation
is to facilitate the users to automate their homes having
ubiquitous access. The system provides availability due
to development of a low cost system. The home
appliances control system with an affordable cost was
thought to be built that should be mobile providing
remote access to the appliances and allowing home
security.Home security has been a major issue where
crime is increasing and everybody wants to take proper
measures to prevent intrusion. In addition there was a
need to automate home so that user can take advantage
of the technological advancement in such a way that a
person getting off the office does not get melted with
the hot climate. Therefore this paper proposes a system
that allows user to be control home appliances
ubiquitously and also provide security on detection of
intrusion via SMS using GSM technology.
All GSM is one of the most widely used cellular
technologies in the world . With the increase in the
number of GSM subscribers, research and development
is heavily supported in further investigating the GSM
implementation. Among the cellular technologies, GSM
network is preferred for the communication between the
home appliances and the user due to its wide spread
coverage which makes the whole system online for
almost all the time. Another advantage of using the GSM
network in home automation is its high security
infrastructure, which provides maximum reliability
whereby other people cannot monitor the information
sent or received. Hence, this research work implements
SMS based control for home appliances using the GSM
architecture without accessing the local network.
 The architecture consists of mobile phone and GSM
modem. In the proposed system design, incoming SMS
message is sent from the user phone to the GSM modem
as a text message via cellular network. The GSM modem
then sends the commands in text mode to the PIC
microcontroller using an RS232 interface. The RS232
voltage levels are at ±12V whereas both the
microcontroller input and output operates at 0V to +5V.
Since RS232 is not compatible with microcontroller,
MAX232 is utilized to enable the communication
between both the GSM modem and PIC microcontroller
by converting RS232 level signals to TTL level signal.
Outgoing message from the system containing the home
appliances status is delivered to the mobile phone
through GSM modem.
The 8-bit PIC16F887 microcontroller generally consists of
timers, Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs), and
Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (USART).In the proposed research work, the
microcontroller receives instructions and decodes them
to give device address and command, then sends
corresponding signals to the driver of the power circuit.
In addition, the microcontroller ensures dual
independent operation action to turn on the device or
switch it off. A feedback status of any devices under
control whether switched on or off will be provided by
the microcontroller. The RS-232 interface standard
defines the electrical and mechanical details of the
interface between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and
Data Communications Equipment (DCE), which employ
serial binary data interchange. The current version of the
standard refers to DCE as Data Circuit terminating
Equipment. Physically, interfacing between the
PIC16F887 and GSM modem was implemented using
RS232 standard installed on Max232.Since the system
design has not included a battery, an external power
supply is connected to the system to drive sufficient
amount of current through the circuit connections.Relays
had been connected to the output loads for a stable
electrical control because these relays can provide
feeding for different voltage level loads. Hence, the
output selection becomes easier at any voltage.
The PIC16F887 was simulated with the GSM modem by
connecting it to the physical ports on the PC. MAX232
was placed to ensure proper transmission of data
between the two terminals. Virtual terminal monitors the
text sent from, and to the PIC16F887 while checking the
transmission process and testing the algorithm. The
waveform of the transmitted and received messages is
monitored from the oscilloscope. While simulating the
GSM modem, the “COMPIM” clock physically tests the
response of the GSM modem by connecting it to a
physical port on PC.
Description
The AT89C51 provides the following standard features:
4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-
bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt
architecture,a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator
and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed
with static logic for operation down to zero frequency
and supports two software selectable power saving
modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the
RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to
continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the
RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all
other chip functions until the next hardware reset.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Pin Configuration
 PIN FUNCTION OF IC 89C51
1. volt regulated dc power supply to this pin. For this
purpose either we use step down transformer power
supply or we use 9 volt battery with 7805 regulator.
2. Ground Supply pin of this ic is pin no 40. Normally
we apply a 5 pin of this ic is pin no 20. Pin no 20 is
normally connected to the ground pin ( normally
negative point of the power supply.
3. XTAL is connected to the pin no 18 and pin no 19 of
this ic. The quartz crystal oscillator connected to
XTAL1 and XTAL2 PIN. These pins also needs two
capacitors of 30 pf value. One side of each capacitor
is connected to crystal and other pis is connected to
the ground point. Normally we connect a 12 MHz or
11.0592 MHz crystal with this ic.. But we use crystal
upto 20 MHz to this pins
4. RESET PIN.. Pin no 9 is the reset pin of this ic.. It is an
active high pin. On applying a high pulse to this pin,
the micro controller will reset and terminate all
activities. This is often referred to as a power on
reset. The high pulse must
be high for a minimum of 2 machine cycles before it is
allowed to go low.
5. PORT0 Port 0 occupies a total of 8 pins. Pin no 32 to
pin no 39. It can be used for input or output. We connect
all the pins of the port 0 with the pullup resistor (10 k
ohm) externally. This is due to fact that port 0 is an open
drain mode. It is just like a open collector transistor.
6. PORT1. ALL the ports in micrcontroller is 8 bit wide pin
no 1 to pin no 8 because it is a 8 bit controller. All the
main register and sfr all is mainly 8 bit wide. Port 1 is also
occupies a 8 pins. But there is no need of pull up resistor
in this port. Upon reset port 1 act as a input port. Upon
reset all the ports act as a input port
7. PORT2. port 2 also have a 8 pins. It can be used as a
input or output. There is no need of any pull up resistor
to this pin.
PORT 3. Port3 occupies a totoal 8 pins from pin no 10 to
pin no 17. It can be used as input or output. Port 3 does
not require any pull up resistor. The same as port 1 and
port2. Port 3 is configured as an output port on reset.
Port 3 has the additional function of providing some
important signals such as interrupts. Port 3 also use for
serial communication.
ALE ALE is an output pin and is active high. When
connecting an 8031 to external memory, port 0 provides
both address and data. In other words, the 8031
multiplexes address and data through port 0 to save pins.
The ALE pin is used for demultiplexing the address and
data by connecting to the ic 74ls373 chip.
PSEN. PSEN stands for program store eneable. In an 8031
based system in which an external rom holds the
program code, this pin is connected to the OE pin of the
rom.
EA. EA. In 89c51 8751 or any other family member of the
ateml 89c51 series all come with on-chip rom to store
programs, in such cases the EA pin is connected to the
Vcc. For family member 8031 and 8032 is which there is
no on chip rom, code is stored in external memory and
this is fetched by 8031. In that case EA pin must be
connected to GND pin to indicate that the code is stored
externally.
Introduction to ic
1.The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS
8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

2.The AT89C51 provides the following standard features:

4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-
bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt
architecture,a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator
and clock circuitry.

Advantages of ic
1.The low-voltage programming mode provides a
convenient way to program the
AT89C51 inside the user’s system, while the high-voltage
programming mode is compatible with conventional
third-party Flash or EPROM programmers

2.The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be

reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional
nonvolatile memory programmer.
The first relay was invented by Joseph Henry in
1835. The name relay derives from the French
noun relays that indicate the horse exchange place
of the postman. Generally a relay is an electrical
hardware device having an input and output gate.
The output gate consist in one or more electrical
contacts that switch when the input gate is power,
a negation, and on the base of the past relays had a
wide use, for instance the telephone switching or
the railway routing and crossing system. Relays are
usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many
more sets of switch contacts.This relay is used to control
a high-voltage with a low-voltage signal, as in some type
of modems, to control a high-current circuit with low-
current signal, as in the starter solenoid of an
automobile.
Virtually anything in the home/office that is powered by
electricity can be automated and/or controlled. We can
control our electrical devices. We can turn our porch
lights on automatically at dark or when someone
approaches and can see who is at the front door from
any nearby television, and talk to them or unlock the
door from any nearby telephone. Have the security
system turn off lights, close drapes and setback the
temperature when we leave and turn on the alarm
system. The possibilities are only limited by our
imagination.
Home appliance control system(HACS)(or home
automation system) is based on GSM network
technology for transmission of SMS from sender to
receiver. SMS sending and receiving is used for
ubiquitous access of appliances and allowing breach
control at home.The system proposes two sub-systems.
Appliance control subsystem enables the user to control
home appliances remotely whereas the security alert
subsystem provides the remote security monitoring. The
system is capable enough to instruct user via SMS from a
specific cell number to change the condition of the home
appliance according to the user’s needs and
requirements. The second aspect is that of security alert
which is achieved in a way that on the detection of
intrusion the system allows automatic generation of SMS
thus alerting the user against security risk.HACS system
consists of the following components
PC: This unit contains the software components such as
the HACS System through which the appliances are
controlled and home security is monitored.
GSM Modem: It is a hardware component that allows the
capability to send and receive SMS to and from the
system. The communication with the system takes place
via RS232 serial port. Cell phone can be attached at the
place of GSM hardware but it limits the hardware
functionality such as sending or receiving of SMS.
Mobile Device: Cellular phone containing SIM card has a
specific number through which communication takes
place. The device communicates with the GSM Modem
via radio frequency.Mobile user transmits SMS using
GSM technology.
Working
The working of HACS model is explained:-
PC: PC being the main module has HACS system installed
on it. The two subsystems; one being appliances control
is responsible for ubiquitous access of appliances and the
second subsystem being security alert is responsible for
security intrusion detection. Both subsystems work on
GSM technology for transmission of instructions from
sender to receiver.
GSM Modem: GSM modem is a plug and play device and
is attached to the PC which then communicates with the
PC via RS232 port. GSM modem is a bridge responsible
for enabling/disabling of SMS capability.
Cell Phone: Mobile device communicates with the GSM
Modem via radio waves. The mode of communication is
wireless and mechanism works on the GSM technology.
Cell phone has a SIM card and a GSM subscription. This
cell phone number is configured on the system. User
transmits instructions via SMS and the system takes
action against those instructions.
Methodology
The methodology followed in the HACS is given as:-
• GSM hardware tests are run in order to check the
hardware support. The system willcall GSM modem and
it will get activated.
• After activation the Modem will check for hardware
support. If the hardware is missing or some other
hardware problem there will be error, resulting in
communication failure and the application will be
terminated.
• If hardware responds then the serial port will be
opened for communication and GSM hardware will allow
transmission of SMS.
• The system will then connect and after connection
establishment the system will be able to detect intrusion
and will alert user about the breach and similarly the
system will update status of appliances by receiving SMS
from the pre-defined cell number.
• SMS will be silently ignored if cell number is
unauthorized.