Normality Primer Solutions
Normality Primer Solutions
Normality Primer Solutions
Acid‐ BaseTitrations
1. Convert the following to equivalents.
a. 0.12 mol H2SO4
for H2SO4 with 2 acidic protons (H+), 1 mol = 2 eq
0.12 mol x (2 eq/1 mol) = 0.12 eq
0.12 mol = 0.24 eq
b. 0.34 mol NaHCO3
for NaHCO3 which can accept one proton, 1 mol = 1 eq
0.34 mol = 0.34 eq
c. 0.56 mol Cr(OH)3
for Cr(OH)3 which can react with 3 protons, 1 mol = 3 eq
0.56 mol = 1.7 eq
2. Convert the following to moles.
a. 0.98 eq H2S
for H2S which has 2 acidic H+, 1 mol = 2 eq
0.98 eq x (1 mol/2 eq) = 0.48 eq
0.98 eq = 0.48 mol
b. 0.763 eq CH3COOH
acetic acid has one acidic proton (on the end) so 1 mol = 1 eq
0.763 eq = 0.763 mol
c. 0.5647 eq Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxide reacts with 2 protons, 1 mol = 2 eq
0.5647 eq = 0.2824 mol
3. Convert the following to normality.
a. 0.54 M NH3
1 mol = 1 eq
0.54 mol/L x (1 eq/1mol) = 0.54 eq/L
0.54 M = 0.54 N
b. 0.43 M H2C2O4
1 mol = 2 eq
0.43 M = 0.86 N
c. 0.32 M H3AsO4
1 mol = 3 eq
0.32 M = 0.96 N
4. Convert the following to molarity.
a. 0.211 N CH3NH2
1 mol = 1 eq
0.211 eq/L x (1 mol/1 eq) = 0.211 mol/L
0.211 N = 0.211 M
b. 0.1951 N Ca(OH)2
1 mol = 2 eq
0.1951 N = 0.09755 M
c. 0.334 N C6H5COOH
1 mol = 1 eq
0.344 N = 0.344 M
5. What is the equivalent weight of each of the following substances?
a. NH3
Molar mass = 14.01 + 3(1.01) = 17.04 g/mol
For ammonia, 1 mol = 1 eq
17.04 g/mol x (1 mol/1 eq) = 17.04 g/eq
b. Ca(OH)2
molar mass = 40.08 + 2(16.00 + 1.01) = 74.10 g/mol
for calcium hydroxide, 1 mol = 2 eq
74.10 g/mol x (1 mol/2 eq) = 37.05 g/eq
c. H3AsO4
molar mass = 3(1.01) + 74.92 + 4(16.00) = 141.95 g/mol
for arsenic acid, 1 mol = 3 eq
141.95 g/mol x (1 mol/3 eq) = 47.32 g/eq
d. H2S
molar mass = 2(1.01) + 32.07 = 34.09 g/mol
for hydrosulfuric acid, 1 mol = 2 eq
34.09 g/mol x (1 mol/2 eq) = 17.04 g/eq
6. How many milliliters of 0.341 N H2SO4 are required to react with 30.0 mL of 0.333 N Cr(OH)3?
NaVa = NbVb
(0.341 N)V = (0.333 N)(30.0 mL)
V = 29.3 mL
7. What is the normality of a solution of unknown base if 23.45 mL of 0.1236 N HCl are required to
neutralize 33.5 mL of it?
NaVa = NbVb
(0.1236 N)(23.45 mL) = N(33.50 mL)
[base] = 0.08652 N
8. To standardize a solution of HCl, 0.1423 g of Na2CO3 (eq wt = 53.00) was dissolved in 50 mL of
water and titrated with 27.82 mL of HCl. What is the normality of the HCl(aq)?
N = eq/L 27.82 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.02782 L HCl
0.1423 g Na2CO3 x (1 eq/53.00 g) x (1 eq acid/1 eq base) = 0.002684 eq
[HCl] = 0.002684 eq/0.02782 L = 0.09651 N
9. To standardize a solution of NaOH, 0.5531 g of KHP (eq wt = 204.23) was dissolved in 50 mL of
water. This solution required 31.11 mL of NaOH(aq) for neutralization. What is the normality of the
NaOH(aq)?
[NaOH] = eq/L 31.11 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.03111 L NaOH
0.5531 g KHP x (1 eq/204.23 g) x (1 eq base/1 eq acid) = 0.002708 eq
[NaOH] = 0.002708 eq/0.03111 L = 0.08705 N NaOH
10. A 0.9932 g sample of limestone was titrated with 15.67 mL of 0.113 N HCl, what is the percent of
calcium carbonate in the sample?
%CaCO3 = (g CaCO3/g limestone) x 100 g limestone = 0.9932 g
Eq wt CaCO3 = 100.09 g/mol x (1 mol/2 eq) = 50.04 g/eq
15.67 mL HCl x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.113 eq/1 L) x (1 eq CaCO3/1 eq HCl) x (2 mol/1 eq) x (100.09
g/1 mol) = 0.0886 g
Or 15.67 mL HCl x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.113 eq/1 L) x (1 eq CaCO3/1 eq HCl) x (50.04 g/1 eq) =
0.0886 g
%CaCO3 = 0.0886 g/0.9932 g x 100 = 8.92%
11. 27.44 mL of 0.222 N Ba(OH)2 was required to neutralize all the benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) in a 1.224
g sample of organic material. What was the percent benzoic acid in the sample?
BA = benzoic acid
% BA = (g BA/g sample) x 100 g sample = 1.224 g
Eq wt BA = 122.13 g/mol x (1 mol/1 eq) = 122.13 g/eq
27.44 mL Ba(OH)2 x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.222 eq/1 L) x (1 eq BA/1 eq Ba(OH)2) x (122.13 g/1 eq) =
0.744 g BA
% BA = (0.744 g/1.224g ) x 100 = 60.8%
12. The citric acid in a 0.541 g vitamin tablet was dissolved in 20.00 mL of 1.021 N NaOH. The excess
base was titrated with 9.21 mL of 0.223 N HCl. How many mg of citric acid (eq wt = 64.0) was in the
vitamin tablet?
CA = citric acid
Original amount of base = (0.02000 L)(1.021 eq/L) = 0.02042 eq base
Excess base = 9.21 mL HCl x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.223 eq/1L) x (1 eq base/1 eq acid) = 0.00205 eq
Base that reacted with CA = 0.02042 – 0.00205 = 0.01837 eq
0.01837 eq x (64.0 g/eq) x ( 1000 mg/1 g) = 1175 mg = 1.18 x 103 mg
13. A 1.113 g sample of antacid was dissolved in 50.00 mL of 0.555 N HCl. The excess HCl was titrated
with 10.2 mL of 0.033 N NaOH. What is the power of the antacid in meq/g?
Original equivalents of acid = (0.05000 L)(0.555 eq/L) = 0.0278 eq
Excess acid = 10.2 mL NaOH x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.033 eq/L) x (1 eq acid/1 eq base) = 0.00034 eq
Acid consumed = 0.0278 eq – 0.000336 eq = 0.0274 eq x (1000 meq/1 eq) = 27.4 meq
Power = 27.4 meq/1.113 g = 24.6 meq/g
14. A 0.1298 g sample of pure acid was titrated with 42.11 mL of 0.1234 N NaOH. What is the
equivalent weight of the acid?
Equivalent weight = grams per equivalent grams acid = 0.1298
42.11 mL NaOH x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.1234 eq/L) x (1 eq acid/1 eq base) = 0.005196 eq
Eq wt = 0.1298 g/0.005196 eq = 24.98 g/eq
15. A 0.3349 g sample of pure base was titrated with 33.33 mL of 0.1673 N H2SO4. What is the
equivalent weight of the base?
Equivalent weight = grams per equivalent grams base = 0.3349
33.33 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.1673 eq/L) x (1 eq base/1 eq acid) = 0.005576 eq
Eq wt = 0.3349 g/0.005576 eq = 60.06 g/eq
Redox Titrations
Refer to the following half‐reactions, as needed, to answer the questions below about redox
reactions.
5 e‐ + MnO4‐ + 8 H+ → Mn2+ + 4 H2O 3 e‐ + MnO4‐ + 2 H2O → MnO2 + 4 OH‐
12 H+ + 8 e‐ + 3 IO3‐ → I3‐ + 6 H2O I3‐ + 2 e‐ → 3 I‐
‐ ‐
F2 + 2 e → 2 F NO3‐ + 4 H+ + 3 e‐ → NO + 2 H2O
Zn2+ + 2 e‐ → Zn Fe3+ + e‐ → Fe2+
1. Convert the following to equivalents.
a. 0.222 mol IO3‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 3 mol IO3‐ = 8 eq electrons
0.222 mol x (8 eq/3 mol) = 0.592 eq
b. 0.045 mol Fe2+
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 1 eq
0.045 mol x (1 eq/1 mol) = 0.045 eq
c. 0.31 mol I‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 3 mol = 2 eq
0.31 mol x (2 eq/3 mol) = 0.21 eq
2. Convert the following to moles.
a. 0.55 eq MnO4‐ (acidic conditions)
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 5 eq
0.55 eq x (1 mol/5 eq) = 0.11 mol
b. 0.0781 eq Zn
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 2 eq
0.0781 eq x (1 mol/2 eq) = 0.0390 mol
c. 0.211 eq IO3‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 3 mol = 8 eq
0.211 eq x (3 mol/8 eq) = 0.0791 mol
3. Convert the following to normality.
a. 0.101 M Fe2+
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 1 eq
0.101 mol/L x (1 eq/1mol) = 0.101 N
b. 0.0056 M MnO4‐ (basic conditions)
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 3 eq
0.0056 mol/L x (3 eq/1 mol) = 0.017 N
c. 0.207 M I3‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 2 eq
0.207 mol/L x (2 eq/1 mol) = 0.414 N
4. Convert the following to molarity.
a. 0.440 N Mn2+
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 5 eq
0.440 eq/L x (1 mol/5 eq) = 0.0880 M
b. 1.03 N IO3‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 3 mol = 8 eq
1.03 eq/L x (3 mol/8 eq) = 0.386 M
c. 0.224 N NO3‐
using stoichiometric coefficients in half‐rxn above, 1 mol = 3 eq
0.244 eq/L x (1 mol/3 eq) = 0.0813 M
5. How many milliliters of 0.134 N permanganate ion is needed to titrate 25.00 mL of 0.223 N iron(II)
ion?
NV = NV
(0.134 N)V = (0.223 N)(25.00 mL)
V = 41.6 mL
6. What is the normality of an iodate solution if 35.44 mL of 0.0111 N thiosulfate is required to titrate
30.00 mL of the iodate solution?
NV = NV
(0.0111 N)(35.44 mL) = N(30.00 mL)
[iodate] = 0.0131 N
7. How many grams of zinc metal are needed to reduce 25.00 mL of 0.123 N nitric acid?
25.00 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.123 eq/L) x (1 eq Zn/1 eq HNO3) x (1 mol Zn/2 eq) x
(65.39 g/1 mol) = 0.101 g
8. What is the percent of iron in a 1.2299 g sample that requires 14.35 mL of 0.075 N acidic
permanganate to titrate it from iron (II) to iron(III)?
%Fe = (g Fe/g sample) x 100 g sample = 1.2299
14.35 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.075 eq MnO4‐/L) x (1 eq Fe/1 eq MnO4‐) x (1 eq/1 mol) x
(55.845 g/1 mol) = 0.060 g Fe
% Fe = (0.060 g/ 1.2299 g) x 100 = 4.8%
9. What is the normality of a basic solution of permanganate ion if 15.00 mL of the solution requires
16.43 mL of 0.143 N oxalate ion for a complete reaction?
N = eq/L 15.00 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.01500 L
16.43 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.143 eq/L) x (1 eq MnO4‐/1 eq C2O42‐) = 0.00235 eq
[MnO4‐] = 0.00235 eq/0.01500 L = 0.157 N
10. What is the normality of a solution of copper(II) ion that requires 21.33 mL of 0.236 N silver
nitrate to titrate 25.00 mL of the copper solution?
N = eq/L 25.00 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) = 0.02500 L
21.33 mL x (1 L/1000 mL) x (0.236 eq/L) x (1 eq Cu/1 eq Ag) = 0.00503 eq
[Cu2+] = 0.00503 eq/0.02500 l = 0.201 N