SIMPLE ECONOMIC MODEL - HOUSEHOLD SOLAR + BATTERY

Released by Chris Cooper 6/5/2015, under the Creative Commons Licence (CC BY-NC Attribution-Non Commercial).
The author offers no guarantees about the accuracy of this model, nor liability for its use.

PLEASE READ - MODEL ASSUMPTIONS + LIMITATIONS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT

1. All costs are $AU unless stated
2. Key inputs are in Yellow
3. Information on some of the key inputs is still unclear. Any uncertainty is discussed in the cell comments.
4. In the interests of keeping this model simple and easy to use:
a. Hourly demand intervals used
b. The battery is automatically topped up by grid between 2pm and 3pm unless already topped up. If a relatively small solar PV
charge rate which exceeds the Powerwall's continuous power rating during this time.
c. There is no assumed degradation of solar output or battery round-trip efficiency over time
d. The model calculates the impact of solar and battery on an average day of generation and consumption. YEARLY EXPRAPOL
'AVERAGE DAY' AND SHOULD THEREFORE BE USED ONLY AS AN 'UPPER BOUND' GUIDE OF THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS. Simulatio
variations in daily sunshine and electricity consumption as doing so would add signification complexity to the calculator.

KEY MODEL ASSUMPTIONS

Household load profile type (select) Morning/Evening peak with controlled day loads
Daily household energy use 12 kWh
Solar PV system size 4 kW
Battery size (select) 7 kWh
Location (select) Sydney

TECHNICAL + ECONOMIC INPUTS

ELECTRICITY PRICES Flat ToU
Tariff type Flat ToU is not yet active. If you want to add this to the m
Flat Electricity tariff 0.30 $/kWh
Solar export credit 0.08 $/kWh

SOLAR
Capital costs 2 $/W
Total installed cost 8000 $
Average Solar Generation/kWp 3.9 KWh/kWp (based on location)

BATTERY
Installed cost for 7kWh system ($US) 6640 CHECK COMMENT
$/kWh ($US) 949
US to AU mark-up 0% Insert markup if required
$/kWh ($AU) 1190 $/KWh
Total installed cost ($AU) 8331 Includes mark-up and exchange rate
Extended warranty cost $/kWh 200 $/kWh of capacity
Total extended warranty cost 1400 $
Annual maintenance cost 0 $/kWh/yr
Max Depth of Discharge 100% % CHECK COMMENT BEFORE SELECTING
Usable capacity 7 kWh
Minimum state of charge 0 kWh
Round trip efficiency 92%

ECONOMIC INPUTS
Interest/discount rate 4%
Levelised term / technology life 20
AUD/USD Exchange rate 0.797 As of 6/5/2015

Daytime charge (unconstrainted) Night-time use (unconstrained)

11.274 7.674
Battery size
7 14 21 28
Max depth of discharge
100% 70%
on-Non Commercial).

omments.

up. If a relatively small solar PV system is installed, this can lead to a

onsumption. YEARLY EXPRAPOLATIONS (IN GREY) ARE BASED ON THE

POTENTIAL BENEFITS. Simulations have not been conducted for
plexity to the calculator.

If you want to add this to the model, please do.

d exchange rate

T BEFORE SELECTING
OUTPUTS
*Please view Annual outputs (in grey) in light of the model limitations. They are kept here as a guide but may overestimate
All savings and benefits are relative to 100% grid power, unless stated

GRID ONLY (NO SOLAR, NO BATTERY)

Grid consumption 12 kWh/day
Daily Grid cost (excludes fixed costs) 3.60 $/day
Grid consumption 4380 kWh/year
Annual Grid cost (excludes fixed costs) 1314 $/yr

SOLAR ONLY SOLAR AND BATTERY

Solar energy used 4.3 kWh/day
Solar energy exported 11.3 kWh/day
Daily Indicators

Daily Indicators
Grid consumption 7.7 kWh/day
Energy savings 1.30 $/day
Export credits 0.90 $/day
Net benefit (exports + saving) 2.20 $/day
Grid cost (exc. fixed costs) 1.40 $/day
Annual benefit 803 $/yr
extrapolation*

extrapolation*
Annualised cost 589 $/yr
Annualised net benefit 214 $/yr
% cost reduction (annualised) 16%
Annual

Annual
Payback period of solar 10.0 years
Levelised cost 10.3 c/kWh

SOLAR ONLY - average household day SO

2.5 2.5 Gr
Solar ;
;
36.0 Grid; Sola 7.
2
5% 63.9
2 r; %
5% 92.1

Power fows (kWh/hr)

4%
1.5 1.5
Power fows (kW)

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
a m a m a m a m a m m a m a m a m a m a m a m pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm a m am am am am
a 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
12 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 2 3 4 5

Energy cons umption Sol a r generation E

Sol ar export Gri d cons umption G

PIE CHART CALCULATIONS

Solar only
Grid 64%
Solar 36%
Solar + battery
Grid 8%
Solar 92%
uide but may overestimate the real world benefits once accounting for daily variation in generation and demand.

SOLAR AND BATTERY BATTERY ONLY - marginal benefit of adding

Solar energy used 11.1 kWh/day
Solar energy exported 3.0 kWh/day

Daily Indicators
Grid consumption 0.9 kWh/day
Energy savings 3.32 $/day
Export credits 0.24 $/day
Net benefit (exports + savings) 3.56 $/day
Grid cost (exc. fixed costs) 0.04 $/day
Annual benefit 1299.5 $/yr

extrapolation*
Annualised cost 1305 $/yr
Annualised net benefit -5.2 $/yr
% annualised cost reduction 0%

Annual
Payback period of solar and battery 12.6 years
Levelised cost 30.1 c/kWh

SOLAR + BATTERY - average household day

2.5 Grid 100%
;
90%
Sola 7.86
2 r; % 80%
92.1 70%
Power fows (kWh/hr)

4%
1.5 60%
Battery Level

50%
1 40%
30%
0.5 20%
10%
0 0%
a m a m a m a m a m m a m a m a m a m a m a m pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm pm
a
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Energy consumption Sol ar generation Sol a r export

Grid cons umption Battery l evel
eration and demand.

BATTERY ONLY - marginal benefit of adding battery to an existing solar power system
Change in solar energy used 6.7 kWh/day
Change in solar energy exported -8.2 kWh/day
Change in grid consumption -6.7 kWh/day
Change in energy saving 2.02 $/day
Change in export credits -0.66 $/day
Change in net benefit (exports + savings) 1.36 $/day
Change in grid cost (exc. fixed costs) -1.36 $/day
Change in annual benefit 496.6 $/yr
Change in annualised cost 716 $/yr
Change in annualised net benefit -219.5 $/yr
Change in % annualised cost reduction -17%
Increase in payback period of entire system 2.6 years
Increase in levelised cost of energy 19.8 c/kWh
 Profiles Storage flows (unconstrained) Summary indicators (displayed in cha

Net
Battery
Net flow w/ Solar Energy
Consumption Solar generation battery efficiency generatio consump
Time load profile profile Charge Discharge flow loss n tion
% of total % of total kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh
Total 1.000 1.000 11.274 7.674 3.6 2.84208 15.6 12
12am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
1am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
2am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
3am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
4am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
5am 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
6am 10% 0 0 1.2 -1.2 -1.25 0 1.2
7am 10% 0.02 0 0.888 -0.888 -0.92 0.312 1.2
8am 3% 0.045 0.342 0 0.342 0.33 0.702 0.36
9am 1% 0.08 1.128 0 1.128 1.08 1.248 0.12
10am 1% 0.11 1.596 0 1.596 1.53 1.716 0.12
11am 8% 0.12 0.912 0 0.912 0.88 1.872 0.96
12pm 8% 0.125 0.99 0 0.99 0.95 1.95 0.96
1pm 1% 0.125 1.83 0 1.83 1.76 1.95 0.12
2pm 1% 0.12 1.752 0 1.752 1.68 1.872 0.12
3pm 1% 0.11 1.596 0 1.596 1.53 1.716 0.12
4pm 1% 0.08 1.128 0 1.128 1.08 1.248 0.12
5pm 7% 0.045 0 0.138 -0.138 -0.14 0.702 0.84
6pm 12% 0.02 0 1.128 -1.128 -1.17 0.312 1.44
7pm 12% 0 0 1.44 -1.44 -1.50 0 1.44
8pm 9% 0 0 1.08 -1.08 -1.12 0 1.08
9pm 5% 0 0 0.6 -0.6 -0.62 0 0.6
10pm 3% 0 0 0.36 -0.36 -0.37 0 0.36
11pm 1% 0 0 0.12 -0.12 -0.12 0 0.12
indicators (displayed in chart) Solar only indicators

Grid
Battery Grid power - Export -
flow Battery Battery consump Solar Import/ no no
(actual) level level tion export export battery battery
kWh kWh % kWh kWh kWh
4.441E-16 0.943231 3.982333 3.039103 7.674 11.274
-0.12 1.81456 26% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-0.12 1.68976 24% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-0.12 1.56496 22% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-0.12 1.44016 21% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-0.12 1.31536 19% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-0.12 1.19056 17% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
-1.19 0 0% 0.06 0.00 -0.06 1.2 0
0.00 0 0% 0.89 0.00 -0.89 0.888 0
0.33 0.32832 5% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.342
1.08 1.4112 20% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 1.128
1.53 2.94336 42% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 1.596
0.88 3.81888 55% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.912
0.95 4.76928 68% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.99
1.76 6.52608 93% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 1.83
0.47 7 100% 0.00 1.26 1.26 0 1.752
0.00 7 100% 0.00 1.60 1.60 0 1.596
0.00 7 100% 0.00 1.13 1.13 0 1.128
-0.14 6.85648 98% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.138 0
-1.17 5.68336 81% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.128 0
-1.50 4.18576 60% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 0
-1.12 3.06256 44% 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.08 0
-0.62 2.43856 35% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.6 0
-0.37 2.06416 29% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0
-0.12 1.93936 28% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0
 Morning/ 'Stay at
Evening home'
peak with steady
Morning/eve controlled daytime
ning peak day loads load SELECTED LOAD PROFILE Location
% energy used% energy used Adelaide
CHECK (=1) 100% 100% 100.00% Alice Springs
SELECT (=1) 0 1 0 Brisbane
12am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Cairns
1am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Canberra
2am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Darwin
3am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Hobart
4am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Melbourne
5am 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1% Perth
6am 10.0% 10.0% 8.00% 10% Sydney
7am 12.0% 10.0% 8.00% 10%
8am 3.0% 3.0% 5.00% 3%
9am 2.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
10am 2.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
11am 2.0% 8.0% 7.00% 8%
12pm 2.0% 8.0% 8.00% 8%
1pm 2.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
2pm 2.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
3pm 2.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
4pm 5.0% 1.0% 5.00% 1%
5pm 8.0% 7.0% 5.00% 7%
6pm 12.0% 12.0% 8.00% 12%
7pm 12.0% 12.0% 8.00% 12%
8pm 8.0% 9.0% 5.00% 9%
9pm 6.0% 5.0% 4.00% 5%
10pm 3.0% 3.0% 0.50% 3%
11pm 1.0% 1.0% 0.50% 1%
kWh/kW/
day
(average) SELECTED LOCATION
4.2 0
5 0
4.2 0
4.2 0
4.3 0
4.4 0
3.5 0
3.6 0
4.4 0
3.9 1