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Introduction To Data Comm

This document provides an introduction to data communications. It discusses the components of data communications systems including messages, senders, receivers, transmission mediums, and protocols. It also covers the types of data, effectiveness of systems, direction and mode of data transmission, and standards and protocols. The learning outcomes are to understand the components, effectiveness, data types, direction, transmission modes, and standards related to data communications.

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ikon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Introduction To Data Comm

This document provides an introduction to data communications. It discusses the components of data communications systems including messages, senders, receivers, transmission mediums, and protocols. It also covers the types of data, effectiveness of systems, direction and mode of data transmission, and standards and protocols. The learning outcomes are to understand the components, effectiveness, data types, direction, transmission modes, and standards related to data communications.

Uploaded by

ikon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Week 1

Introduction to Data
Communications

U Te M
CONTENTS

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Components
1.3 Types of Data
1.4 Effectiveness
1.5 Direction of Data Flow
1.6 Data Transmission Mode
1.7 Protocol and Standardization
1.8 Standard Organization

U Te M
Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lecture, you should be able to


 Elaborate the components of data
communications
 List the effectiveness of data communications
system
 Explain the types of data
 Elaborate directions and transmissions mode of
data
 Explain the standard and protocol

U Te M
Why study
data communications?

 ICT is the fastest growing technologies in our culture


today
 Data communications and networking are important
elements that enable information to be shared
 It is important to understand the concepts and
mechanisms of these technologies - what they do and
when to use

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1.1 Introduction

 Data communication is the exchange of data


between two devices via some form of
transmission medium
 data - concepts and instructions presented in whatever
form agreed upon by the parties creating and using the
data
 Transmission Medium – Wired or wireless
 The communicating devices are part of the
communication system made up of hardware and
software
 Hardware – Computer, Switch, Hub, Router etc.
 Software – Ms Outlook, Web Browser, Yahoo Messenger
and etc

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1.2 Components

 5 components of data communication

Sender Receiver
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 Message – the information (data) to be communicated;
text, numbers, pictures, sound, video, etc or combination
 Sender – the device that sends the message; computer,
workstation, telephone handset, video camera, etc
 Receiver – the device that receives the message; computer,
workstation, telephone handset, video camera, etc
 Medium – the physical path for the transmission; copper
wire, fiber-optic cable, laser, radio waves, etc
 Protocol – the set of rules that govern data
communications; agreement between the communicating
devices
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It’s Question Time

 Identify and explain the components of a


communications system.

 Write and sketch diagram to elaborate


your answer.

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1.3 Types of Data
 Text – Discrete, represented by bit patterns (1 or
0)
 Numbers – Discrete, represented by bit patterns
(1 or 0)
 Image – Discrete, represented by bit patterns,
composed of a matrix of pixels.
 Audio – Continues, recording or broadcasting
 Video – Continues or Continues + Discrete.

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1.4 Effectiveness
 Characteristics of effective Data Communication Systems
 Delivery
 The system must deliver data to the correct
destination
 Accuracy
 The system must deliver data accurately
 Timeliness
 The system must deliver data in a timely manner
 Easy Understanding
 The system must understand the data
 Noise
 The system must have method to prevent noise

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1.5 Data Transmission Flow
 Data Flow

 the direction of signal flow between two


linked devices.

Data Flow

Simplex Half-duplex Full-duplex

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 Simplex – the
communication is unidirectional – only
one of the two devices on a link can transmit, the
other is receive

Direction of Data

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 each device can both transmit and
half-duplex –
receive, but not at the same time.

Direction of Data at time 1

Direction of Data at time 2


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 Full-duplex (or duplex) – both devices can transmit and
receive simultaneously

Direction of Data

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It’s Question Time

 What is the difference between half-duplex and full-


duplex transmission mode?

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1.6 Mode of Data
Transmission

Data Transmission

Parallel Serial

Synchronous Asynchronous

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Serial transmission – ONE bit follows
another.
 Require one communication channel to send n bits at
one time.

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Asynchronous transmission - In asynchronous
transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning
and 1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte.
There may be a gap between each byte.

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Synchronous transmission - we send bits one after
another without start/stop bits or gaps.
It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the
bits.

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Parallel transmission – n communication
channels to send n bits at one time

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It’s Question Time

 What are the differences between parallel and


serial transmission?

 List TWO different techniques in serial


transmission and explain the differences?

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1.7 Protocol

 is a set of rules (conventions) that govern all aspects of


data communication
 Defines what is communicated, how it is communicated
and when it is communicated
 The key elements – syntax (structure/format);
semantics (meaning of the structure); timing (when to
send and how fast)

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1.8 Standard
• Provides a model for development that makes it possible for
a product to work regardless of manufacturers
• De jure – legislated by official bodies
• De facto – industry standard, proprietary & non-proprietary

Standard

De facto De jure
(by fact) (by law)

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Standard Organizations
• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) –
dedicated to a worldwide agreement on international standards

• ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union) –


related to the UN for telecommunications

• ANSI (American National Standards Institute) – US non-


profit org, representing US to ISO and ITU-T

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Continue…
• IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers) – largest professional society developing standards for
computing, communication, electrical engineering, electronics

• EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) - non-profit org,


promoting standards for electronics manufacturing

• Other government regulatory agencies, e.g. SIRIM

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Any Questions?
Learning Outcomes

 At the end of this lecture, you should be able to


 Elaborate the components of data communications
 List the effectiveness of data communications system
 Explain the types of data
 Elaborate directions and transmissions mode of data
 Explain the standard and protocol

U Te M

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