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    Pre-Socratic Philosophers Chart

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    liscob15
    1. The document summarizes the beliefs of several pre-Socratic philosophers regarding the fundamental nature or origin of reality. 2. Thales of Miletus believed water was the fundamental substance of all things. Anaximander proposed the infinite or unlimited (the apeiron) as the origin. Anaximenes believed air was the fundamental substance that could change forms through rarefaction and condensation. 3. Other philosophers discussed include Anaxagoras, who proposed nous (mind) and matter; Empedocles and his theory of four elements; Leucippus and Democritus and their theory of indivisible atoms; Pythagoras and his view that numbers constitute

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    Pre-Socratic Philosophers Chart

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    liscob15
    518 views3 pages
    1. The document summarizes the beliefs of several pre-Socratic philosophers regarding the fundamental nature or origin of reality. 2. Thales of Miletus believed water was the fundamental substance of all things. Anaximander proposed the infinite or unlimited (the apeiron) as the origin. Anaximenes believed air was the fundamental substance that could change forms through rarefaction and condensation. 3. Other philosophers discussed include Anaxagoras, who proposed nous (mind) and matter; Empedocles and his theory of four elements; Leucippus and Democritus and their theory of indivisible atoms; Pythagoras and his view that numbers constitute

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    Pre-socratic Philosophers Chart - Belief/Explanation

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    Pre-socratic Philosophers Chart

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    1. The document summarizes the beliefs of several pre-Socratic philosophers regarding the fundamental nature or origin of reality. 2. Thales of Miletus believed water was the fundamental substance of all things. Anaximander proposed the infinite or unlimited (the apeiron) as the origin. Anaximenes believed air was the fundamental substance that could change forms through rarefaction and condensation. 3. Other philosophers discussed include Anaxagoras, who proposed nous (mind) and matter; Empedocles and his theory of four elements; Leucippus and Democritus and their theory of indivisible atoms; Pythagoras and his view that numbers constitute

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    518 views3 pages

    Pre-Socratic Philosophers Chart

    Uploaded by

    liscob15
    1. The document summarizes the beliefs of several pre-Socratic philosophers regarding the fundamental nature or origin of reality. 2. Thales of Miletus believed water was the fundamental substance of all things. Anaximander proposed the infinite or unlimited (the apeiron) as the origin. Anaximenes believed air was the fundamental substance that could change forms through rarefaction and condensation. 3. Other philosophers discussed include Anaxagoras, who proposed nous (mind) and matter; Empedocles and his theory of four elements; Leucippus and Democritus and their theory of indivisible atoms; Pythagoras and his view that numbers constitute

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
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    The early Greek philosophers, known as the pre-Socratic philosophers, proposed various theories about the basic substance or principle of all things. Some believed it was water, air, fire, or a combination of elements like earth, air, fire and water. They were among the first to use reason to understand the natural world.

    Thales believed it was water, Anaximander said it was the apeiron or infinite, Anaximenes thought it was air, Anaxagoras proposed a combination of nous and matter, and Empedocles suggested the four basic elements of earth, air, fire and water.

    Pythagoras believed that the world is made up of numbers, and that numbers constitute the essence of reality. He thought that all things have shape and their shape can be related to numbers.

    PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS

    ACTIVITIES:
    1. Read and study the chart. Studying means that you look up the meaning of new words, analyze the
    info, and try to understand it. Go over the chart as needed. Studying does not mean to memorize the
    chart without understanding its info.
    2. Transcribe the chart into your notebooks – on the first section (not the Questionnaire section).
    Note: You will have an evaluation based on the info from this chart.
    PHILOSOPHERS BASIC STUFF BELIEF / EXPLANATION

    Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus:

    (ca. 624 - 546 B.C.) - was a mathematician, astronomer and politician from
    the Greek city of Miletus in Ionia (modern-day
    Turkey).
    WATER
    -held that “The first principle and basic nature of all
    things is water.”
    - said water was the archē maybe because water has
    properties that can be experienced in three different
    states: liquid, solid and gas.

    Anaximander Anaximander:

    (ca. 612-545 B.C.) THE APEIRON = -said the APEIRON was infinite and without a
    THE INFINITE OR beginning.
    THE UNLIMITED

    Anaximenes Anaximenes:

    (585-528 B.C.) - probably concluded air was the archē because all
    living beings need air for breathing.
    AIR -observed, “Air undergoes substantial changes
    through rarefaction and condensation.” By
    rarefaction, air is transformed into fire and wind. By
    condensation air becomes clouds; then it becomes
    water, then earth, and then stones.

    Anaxagoras:
    Anaxagoras
    (500-428 B.C.) - perhaps taught that all that exists is a
    combination of NOUS and MATTER. The
    NOUS and MATTER universe of matter was set into its form and motions
    by Nous or MIND. This mind is immortal,
    homogeneous, omnipotent, omniscient and orders all
    phenomena.

    Empedocles Empedocles:
    (450 B.C.) THE FOUR BASIC
    ELEMENTS: -held that everything is composed of the simplest
    part of the four elements or “roots”: Fire, Air,
    EARTH, AIR, FIRE Earth, and Water.
    and WATER.

    Leucippus (450 Leucippus and Democritus:


    B.C.) and Democritus (460-
    370 B.C.) -described atoms as an infinite number of
    indivisible units. These are imperceptible. They are
    ATOMS infinite in number and move without force, so they
    give rise to the movement and multiplicity of the
    world of senses.

    Pythagoras Pythagoras:
    -studied the origin of reality and the origin of life.
    (580-496 B.C.) -developed spiritualism in contrast to the materialist
    schools of his time. He was a mathematician,
    NUMBERS spiritualist, mystic, musician and leader of a cult.
    -held that the world is made up of
    NUMBERS. Numbers are things and in some way
    constitute the essence of reality. All things are,
    despite appearances, made up of numbers. The
    original number, the ONE, being as with fire, is in
    motion and set all else into being. Numbers relate to
    shapes and all that exist has or takes on shape.

    Heraclitus Heraclitus:
    (535-475 B.C.) -affirmed that everything is in constant flux
    (change), or, “everything changes.
    -considered fire as the archē: “This world, as well as
    FIRE all other worlds, was not made by the gods or by
    men. It always was, is, and will be, an ever living
    fire.”
    -held that fire, more than any other archē, reflects
    the constant change and harmony that lies at
    the root of reality.

    Parmenides CHANGELESS Parmenides:


    (540-470 B.C.) REALITY = -held that reality never changes. Changelessness is
    the nature of all reality. This is not at all obvious to
    BEING our senses.
    -trusted in his reason over his senses.

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