A group of scientists suggest that rattlesnakes shake their rattles as a warning behavior.

The
previous statement would be best categorized as a:

Select one:
a. observation
b. hypothesis
c. theory
d. experiment
e. paradigm
A state of dynamic equilibrium in a system is called:

Select one:
a. homeostasis
b. dynamic balance
c. carrying capacity
d. set point
e. static balance
Question text

Animals that consume other organisms are called:

Select one:
a. prey
b. competitors
c. predators
d. parasites
e. herbivores
Question text

______________ are relatively stable ecosystems believed to be the end point of natural
succession.

Select one:
a. Pioneer communities
b. Intermediate communities
c. Climax communities
d. Immature ecosystems
e. Human ecosystems
Question text

Deflection of wind currents by the spin of the earth is known as:

Select one:
a. weather
b. climate
c. Coriolis effect
d. Ocean current
Question text

Ecology is:

Select one:
a. not a branch of science.
b. the same as environmental studies.
c. The study of living organisms and relationships that binds us together in nature.
d. All life in the biosphere.
Question text

Eustuaries are located at the mouths of rivers where fresh water and saltwater mix and are
often associated with coastal wetlands. They are classified as:

Select one:
a. coral reefs
b. coastal life zones
c. tidal pools
d. freshwater systems
e. a biome
Experiments are formulated to test which of the following components of the scientific
method:

Select one:
a. observation and measurement
b. hypothesis
c. experiment
d. theory formation
e. substantiated hypothesis
Humans can alter the carbon cycle by burning fossil fuels that release:

Select one:
a. water vapor
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen
d. oxygen
e. helium
Hypotheses are tested by performing:

Select one:
a. experiments
b. theories
c. inductive reasoning
d. deductive reasoning
e. paradigm shifts
In a biomass pyramid of a food chain, what happens?

Select one:
a. Biomass decreases from 1 trophic level to another.
b. Biomass increases from 1 trophic level to another.
c. Biomass stays the same.
d. Energy availability increases from one level to another.
e. There are equal amounts of energy available at each level of the pyramid.
In our biosphere, what comes from the outside?

Select one:
a. sun
b. carbon
c. water
d. waste
Introduction of alien species is an ecological concern because they can cause extinction of
native species by:

Select one:
a. migration
b. parasitism
c. competition
d. invasion
e. more than one of the above
Microscopic producers in aquatic ecosystems are called:

Select one:
a. zooplankton
b. phytoplankton
c. krill
d. kelp
e. lichens
Question text

The abiotic conditions in an organism's ecosystem determine:

Select one:
a. organism's range of tolerance
b. biotic components
c. an organism's habitat
d. biological improverishment
The biological community formed after the eruption of Mt. Saint Helens is a good example
of:

Select one:
a. climax communities
b. primary succession
c. secondary succession
d. zootic climax
e. speciation
The capacity to distinguish between beliefs and knowledge is a skill called:
Select one:
a. paradigm shift
b. values clarification
c. analysis
d. synthesis
e. critical thinking
The daily conditions in our surroundings, including temperature and rainfall are called:

Select one:
a. climate
b. weather
c. biome
d. climate zone
The earth's ability to support a limited number of organisms is called the:

Select one:
a. carrying capacity
b. biological infrastructure
c. ecological limit
d. greenhouse effect
e. competitive exclusion principle
The Industrial Revolution was made possible by new technologies but also by an abundant
source of:

Select one:
a. fuel
b. machines
c. capital
d. available goods
The taiga is another name for the ________ biome.

Select one:
a. tundra
b. northern coniferous forest
c. desert
d. tropical rain forest
e. grassland
The three major climatic zones are:

Select one:
a. tropical, subtropical and arctic
b. tropical, subarctic, and polar regions
c. tropical, temperate, and polar regions
d. subtropical, tropical, and temperate
e. subtropical, temperate and arctic
This stage of cultural development is characterized by planting crops and use of
domesticated animals:

Select one:
a. hunting and gathering societies
b. agricultural societies
c. industrial societies
d. advanced industrial societies
What is one of the two most common limiting factors associated with aquatic life zones?

Select one:
a. nutrients
b. precipitation
c. temperature
d. animals
e. continental shelf
When reading a research study about biological diversity on the internet, Rachelle noticed it
was written by a large housing developing group. Based on critical thinking rules what
might Rachelle do?

Select one:
a. question the conclusion
b. question the source of the information
c. understand all terms
d. gather all information
Which biome is Kentucky found in?

Select one:
a. tundra
b. grassland
c. temperate deciduous forest
d. tropical rain forest
e. coastal wetlands
Which biome would have the least precipitation?

Select one:
a. tundra
b. taiga
c. tropical rainforest
d. temperate deciduous forest
Which of the following responses lists the normal order of the scientific method?

Select one:
a. hypothesis, observation, experiment
b. hypothesis, experiment, observation
c. observation, experiment, hypothesis
d. observation, hypothesis, experiment
e. experiment, observation, hypothesis
Which of the following does NOT describe environmental science?

Select one:
a. Global ecology informs environmental science.
b. Environmental science focuses on solving environmental problems from a local
perspective.
c. Environmental science deals with problems humans cause to the environment.
d. Environmental science is the study of ecosystems.
Which of the following characteristics would not be a critical thinking skill?

Select one:
a. gathering all information
b. expect and tolerate uncertainty
c. examine the big picture
d. question the source of the information
e. accept all the information/facts
Which is an environmental effect of migration to new areas?

Select one:
a. Strains on existing healthcare systems
b. Sprawl of urban areas into undeveloped land
c. Low cost of housing
d. Increased job opportunities
Which of the following population control strategies are more appropriate for the more
developed countries?

Select one:
a. Development of a national plan to educate and provide birth control
b. Change cultural norms about birth control and about large families
c. Restrict immigration
d. Educate and provide opportunities for women
e. Integrate population control policies with economic and land-use policies
Which of the following food chains begins with dead material:

Select one:
a. grazer
b. decomposer
c. producers
d. consumers
Which of the following accounts for naturally occurring genetic differences of organisms in
a population that may give advantage to some members?

Select one:
a. ecosystem disturbance
b. speciation
c. genetic variation
d. adaptation
Which of the following factors would favor the growth of a population?
Select one:
a. high reproductive rate
b. ability to migrate to new habitats
c. ability to defend territories
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
Which of the following is not a biotic factor?

Select one:
a. availability of water
b. competition
c. predation
d. parasitism
Which of the following is a factor contributing to the loss of species?

Select one:
a. habitat alteration
b. commercial harvesting
c. introduction of alien species
d. pest and predator control
e. all of the above
Which of the following would be a possible habitat for a bird?

Select one:
a. North America
b. coniferous forest
c. leaves of a maple tree
d. seed
Which of the following would have an advantage for food production for the world?

Select one:
a. Humans eating more plants and grain, but less meat.
b. Humans killing all rabbits in a certain area of Kentucky.
c. Adding more fresh water ponds.
d. Cutting down the trees in the rainforest
In which of these would you study mountain terrain?

Select one:
a. estuary
b. littoral zone
c. grassland biome
d. altitudinal biome
According to Chiras, humans can affect nature's carbon cycle.

Select one:
True
False
Animals are generally well adapted to the biome in which they live.

Select one:
True
False
Biological communities consist of numerous food chains.

Select one:
True
False
England was a leader in the Industrial Revolution.

Select one:
True
False
In coevolution, each species serves as an agent of natural selection that affects the evolution
of the other.

Select one:
True
False
Most Hunter-gatherer societies stayed in one place for long periods of time.

Select one:
True
False
The Agricultural societies did little damage to the land where they lived.

Select one:
True
False
The first trophic level of a food web is the grazers.

Select one:
True
False
The hypothesis never changes once an experiment is designed.

Select one:
True
False
The process of succession is nature's way of restoring itself.

Select one:
True
False
CH20&21

As ozone decreases in the stratosphere, humans will show increases in:

Select one:
a. birth defects
b. property damage
c. asthma
d. skin cancer rates
Increased ozone in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) can be attributed to which of the
following?

Select one:
a. release of refrigeration/cooling components (Freon)
b. release of sulfur and nitrogen dioxide emissions
c. increased use of fossil fuels
d. none of the above are correct
Sediment comes into the water from:
Select one:
a. sewage treatment plants
b. construction sites of roads and houses
c. acid mine drainage
d. paved streets
The leading water pollutant in the U.S. in terms of volume is:

Select one:
a. fertilizer
b. phosphates
c. sediment
d. sewage
The legislation that led to the Clean Water Act was first passed in:

Select one:
a. 1972
b. 1987
c. 1990
d. 2001
Water pollution that arises from identifiable sources such as factories is called ________
pollution.

Select one:
a. point source
b. nonpoint source
c. industrial
d. chemical
What contributes to a specific area being adversely affected by acid rain?

Select one:
a. local residents use very high amounts of fossil fuels
b. wind patterns come from areas with high sulfur oxide emissions
c. alkaline pH of soil in the local area
d. local residents are employed by fossil fuel industry
When you test for pH, we are actually measuring:
Select one:
a. hydrogen ions
b. hydroxyl ions
c. oxygen content
d. amount of algae
Which of the following does NOT play a role in water shortages?

Select one:
a. supply exceeds demand for water
b. rainfall patterns
c. population growth
d. politics
Which of the following types of water pollution is a problem for eastern Kentucky?

Select one:
a. run-off from paved streets
b. run-off from agriculture
c. acid mine drainage
d. fertilizer
Which of the following is the most important greenhouse gas in respect to quantity?

Select one:
a. methane
b. nitrous oxide
c. carbon dioxide
d. chlorofluorocarbons
Which of the following is NOT true concerning ozone?

Select one:
a. It is an UV filter in the stratosphere.
b. It is a cancer-causing agent.
c. It is a greenhouse gas in lower atmosphere.
d. It is composed of oxygen.
Which of the following would reduce atmospheric pollution and reduce environmental
pressures?
Select one:
a. encourage developing countries to industrialize with the Western techniques
b. build smaller smokestacks for industrial emission purposes
c. use coal as the main fossil fuel
d. curb human population growth

Which of the following is NOT associated with acid rain?

Select one:
a. damage to forests and plants
b. damage to cars and buildings
c. damage to aquatic life
d. increase in human skin cancer rates
Which of the following would NOT be a likely effect if the earth undergoes a climatic
temperature increase?

Select one:
a. The coastline of countries would move inward covering many coastal cities.
b. Rain patterns would shift.
c. Some island countries would be totally lost due to flooding.
d. A decrease in refugees would occur.
Which of the following would be the correct interpretation for a water sample with a pH of
6?

Select one:
a. slightly acidic
b. very acidic
c. slightly alkaline
d. very alkaline
Which of the following greenhouse gases would increase greatly with the building of more
electrical power plants that use coal for energy?

Select one:
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Methane
c. Nitrous oxide
d. CFCs

Which of the following pH values would indicate that rain water was normal or okay?

Select one:
a. 6.0
b. 3.2
c. 4.0
d. 2.8
Which of the following would aid the efforts to modify ozone depletion?

Select one:
a. banning coolants like Freon
b. banning spray can propellants
c. limiting use of high flying/supersonic aircraft
d. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a result of riparian (streamside) buffers?

Select one:
a. reduce flood damage
b. reduce stream bank erosion
c. preserve historic and cultural resources
d. encourage the return of birds and wildlife
e. maintain the "well-kept lawn" appearance