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Lab 3

This document outlines the procedure and objectives for an experiment on drilling mud rheology. The experiment has two parts: 1) measuring viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of water-based and oil-based mud samples, and 2) determining the funnel viscosity of the mud samples. Based on the results, the water-based mud has a higher viscosity than the oil-based mud. Funnel viscosity testing also showed the water-based mud took longer to flow through the funnel. The document discusses key concepts like viscosity, gel strength, and yield point. Recommendations are made to reduce errors, like taking multiple readings and ensuring proper instrument use and maintenance.

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Muhammad Saifuddin
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54 views5 pages

Lab 3

This document outlines the procedure and objectives for an experiment on drilling mud rheology. The experiment has two parts: 1) measuring viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of water-based and oil-based mud samples, and 2) determining the funnel viscosity of the mud samples. Based on the results, the water-based mud has a higher viscosity than the oil-based mud. Funnel viscosity testing also showed the water-based mud took longer to flow through the funnel. The document discusses key concepts like viscosity, gel strength, and yield point. Recommendations are made to reduce errors, like taking multiple readings and ensuring proper instrument use and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Saifuddin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Abstract / Summary 1

2.0 Introduction

3.0 Aims / Objectives

4.0 Theory

5.0 Apparatus

6.0 Procedure

7.0 Results

8.0 Calculations

9.0 Discussion

10.0 Conclusion

11.0 Recommendation

12.0 References

13.0 Appendices
1.0 ABSTRACT / SUMMARY

The experiment contains two parts where the part A is done purposely to examine the
viscosity, yield point and gel strength of the given samples. While for the part B is to
determine funnel viscosity of drilling fluid. Rheology is defined as the deformation and flow
behaviour of all forms of mater which means how well the fluid will flow under a certain
conditions. The data from the rheology test can be a very helpful in designing the circulating
systems in order to accomplish certain requirement objectives in drilling operations. There
are given two samples which are water based mud and oil based mud.

Based on the result obtained from the experiment, the viscosity for water based mud
is higher than the oil based mud. Viscosity is defined as the resistance of a fluid which is
being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress where measured as the ratio of the
shearing stress to the rate of shearing strain. The mud rheology is achieved by using
viscometer.

The part B is where to measure the funnel viscosity of drilling mud which shows the
resistance of fluid to flow. Marsh Funnel usually is used on rig to provide an immediate test
on the viscosity of the mud. Based on the result, it can be said that the water based mud took
too much time to flow through the Marsh Funnel which means that the water based mud has
high viscosity than the oil water based mud. In order to achieve accurate and acceptable data
for the result, a few precaution is taken care by following the procedure given correctly.
4.0 THEORY

In this experiment, there are three main terms that need to understand; viscosity, gel
strength and yield point. Viscosity is defined as measure of the resistance of a fluid which is
being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. Viscosity can be measured by ratio of
the shearing stress to the rate of shearing strain. Basically, there are two types of fluid
characterization where Newtonian (true fluid) where the ratio of shear stress to shear rate or
viscosity is constant, and Non-Newtonian (plastic fluid) where the viscosity is not constant.
For this situation, drilling mud is one of the example of Non-Newtonian fluid where cannot
be described by a single number and has a variety of different correlations between shear
stress and shear rate.

Drilling fluid need to be designed that has long hinged on the balance between
providing sufficient viscosity and gel structure to suspend solids (both cuttings and barite)
and minimizing the rheological impacts on equivalent circulating density (ECD), pump
initiation pressures, and swab and surge pressures (Jason Maxey, 2011). Drilling mud has to
be tested to determine the mud quality and other rheological properties. Rheological
properties are used to design and evaluate the hydraulics and to assess the functionality of the
mud system. The rheological properties of mud such as Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point and Gel
Strengths are measured using rotational viscometer.

Drilling fluid in static condition has its internal structure strength that required
pressure to initiate its flow called as gel strength. This internal structure strength indicates the
ability of the drilling fluid to suspend cuttings when not circulating. By using the viscometer,
the rotor speed is set low speed after leaving at static condition for a specific time. If the mud
is left in static condition for 10 secs then it is reported as the initial or 10 second gel .The mud
can be reported also as 10 minutes and 30 minutes gel. The unit for gel strength is the same as
Yield Point, which is lbs/100ft2. Yield point in this situation is referred to the measure of the
elctro-chemical or attractive forces in the mud under flow condition.
11.0 RECOMMENDATION

In every single one of the experiments essentially will have errors and the practice to lessen
the error is present as follow:

1) The reading from the measuring cylinder should be read in a correct way which is
perpendicular to avoid parallex error in the reading.

2) The instrument needs to be in a good state all the time so that the reading always in
relevant value to avoid an instrument error. The equipment might require go through
maintenance for precise reading.

3) Perform the experiment at least 3 times and find the average reading for the relevant
result.
REFERENCE

Jason Maxey, Halliburton (2011). Viscosity and Gel Structure: The Unseen Results of Their
Manipulation. Houston, Texas.

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