A Project On

The Study Tour Report

On Gokarna and GOA

Kumari swati
Gcu0718pgpt944
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss. KUMARI SWATI of 1st year 2 semester of

Post Graduate Program in Travel and Tourism has completed the Project
on the study report on Gokarna and Goa for the Academic year 2018-2020
For awarding the Master Degree in Garden City University

Date: Mrs. Sibi Saji

Place: Principal
 INDEX

CHAPTER TITLE PAGES

NUMBER

Chapter 1 Introduction of tourism

Chapter 2 About Gokarna and Goa

Chapter 3 SWOT Analysis

Goa swot analysis
Gokarna swot analysis

Chapter 4 Development of the

Places

Chapter 5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION OF TOURISM

Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for leisure, business or other purposes for not more than one
consecutive year.

Tourism is a dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt
constantly to customers' changing needs and desires, as the customer’s satisfaction,
safety and enjoyment are particularly the focus of tourism businesses.

There are a number of ways tourism can be defined, and for this reason, the United
Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) embarked on a project from 2005 to
2007 to create a common glossary of terms for tourism. It defines tourism as follows:

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement
of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or
business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either
tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their
activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure (United Nations World Tourism
Organization, 2008).

Using this definition, we can see that tourism is the movement of people for a number
of purposes (whether business or pleasure).

DEFINITION OF TOURISTS
Building on the definition of tourism, a commonly accepted description of a tourist is
“someone who travels at least 80 km from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for
business or leisure or other reasons”.

The United Nations World Tourism Organization (1995) helps us break down this
definition further by stating tourists can be:

1. Domestic (residents of a given country travelling only within that country)

2. Inbound (non-residents travelling in a given country)
 3. Outbound (residents of one country travelling in another country)

The scope of tourism, therefore, is broad and encompasses a number of activities.

TYPES OF TOURITS

Following are some types of tourism:

1. Recreational tourism:
Tourism is an often activity for recreational purpose. Most tourism took for a change
and rest; this is the reason why package tours have become so popular and
Zoroastrianism etc. has co-existed in India.

India has fascinated people from all over the world with her secularism and her
culture.

2. Environmental tourism:
Rich and affluent tourists are preferred to spend more visits to remote places where
they get pollution free airs to breath.

3. Historical Tourism:
Tourist is interested to know how our forefather lived and administered in a particular
area. They visit heritage locations, temples, churches, museums, forts etc.

4. Ethnic tourism:
This refers to people traveling to distance places looking to their routes and attending
to family obligations.

Marriage and death bring people together to their native places. Persons who are
settled overseas during later part of life visit place of their birth for giving boost to
ethnic tourism.

5. Cultural tourism:
Some people are interested to know how other people or communities stay, survive
and prosper.

The kind of culture they practice their art and music is different from ours. So in
order to acquire knowledge, understands culture well, to become familiar with the
culture.

6. Adventure tourism:
There is a trend among the youth to take adventure tour. They go for trekking, rock
climbing, rafting etc. They organized camp fire and stay under the blue sky. This
tourism is meant for people with strong nerves who can tolerate stress.

7. Health tourism:
In recent years, health tourism has become highly popular. People visit nature cure
centers and hospitals providing specialist treatment river. Many foreigners visit
India for treatment because similar services in their country are costly.

8. Religious tourism:
India represents multi-religious composition of population. Various package tours are
organized to enable people to attend the religious duties and visit places of religious
importance.

9. Music tourism:
It can be part of pleasure tourism as it includes moment of people to sing and listen
music and enjoy.

10. Village tourism:

It involves traveling and arranging tours in order to popularize various village
destinations.

11. Wild life tourism:

It can be an Eco and animal friendly tourism. Wild life tourism means watching wild
animals in their natural habitat.
Importance of Tourism

1. Economic Progress – The tourism industry aids and supports the foreign
exchange reserves. It benefits our country in generating foreign currency. Every
year a large number of tourists visit India and other places. They visit places; stay
and shop in our country. All this contributes to a significant amount of foreign
currency generation. Despite global recession, Indian tourism grew 6.9 % to
approximately $42 billion in the year 2010.

2. Source of Income – Tourism is a continual source of income for the public &
private income. The government charges various forms of tax that is called
government revenue. The income generated through these taxes is the public
income. The profit earned by a seller, by selling items like local artifacts,
handicraft items, etc, to the tourists is called private income. Tourism also helps in
employment generation. It created jobs specifically in hotel industry, hospitality
industry, service sector, entertainment and transportation industry.

3. Development of Infrastructure – Have you ever noticed how the look and
status of a place changes when it is declared a tourist place? Actually, tourism aids
and encourages infrastructure development by making way for dams, roads,
connectivity, airport improvements, and any other activity that helps a tourist in
visiting a place in a much better way!

4. Societal Progress – Tourism is a wonderful method for cultural exchange. It

also encourages societal progress as tourists learn to show respect, tolerance and
love for each other when they visit new places.

Cultural Heritage
Tourism helps explain beauty, art, history and culture of our country. Different
people visiting any country take beautiful cultural concepts along with them and
spread those concepts to others while visiting other places of the world. Similarly, the
local skills, languages and art get a wide exposure. Tourism as an industry has been
travelling with the wild pace of technological advancements and aboard are people
from different places and cultures interacting with increasing ease….since, the globe
had been shrunk into a village.

Unlike our predecessors, we can affordably and in a shorter time travel across the
world in large numbers comparatively safe. Tourism being one of the biggest and
fastest growing industries globally, its benefits and the challenges, keenly observed
by governments affects the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational
resources of nations.

The positive effects of tourism on a country’s economy include the growth and
development of various industries directly linked with a healthy tourism industry,
such as transportation, accommodation, wildlife, arts and entertainment. This brings
about the creation of new jobs and revenue generated from foreign exchange,
investments and payments of goods and services provided. Though improvements in
the standard of living of locals in heavily visited tourist destinations is usually little or
non-existent, inflation of the prices of basic commodities, due to visiting tourists, is a
constant feature of these areas.

The nature of the world economy dictates that it’s mostly people from developed
nations who travel as tourist to the developing ones, much more than do people from
developing nations visit as tourist the developed ones. This results in a downward
stream of cultural influences that in cases have proven to be detrimental, as they were
not in cohesion with the environment, economy and culture of these hosts, who
cannot in that same capacity exchange influences. For example, it is common
knowledge that most tourist destinations are plagued with prostitution; this has had
dire consequences for the culture, economy and health of these tourist coveted
nations, but is reported to be a major boost for tourism.

The environment can be greatly affected by tourism in cases where the attraction is a
vista of nature’s beauty, visits of people in large numbers could mean huge amounts
of treading and pollution of materials such as plastic waste, bottles, which in the long
run could be disruptive to the habitats of both faunal and floral life. Assessments into
the capacity of people an area can safely bear environmentally, security and facility-
wise are important in the protection and preservation of these vistas beaming with
nature’s beauty. The responsibility falls on hosts, who must make it a point to inform
and educate visitors on acceptable behaviors and dangers posed by going against the
advised codes of conduct, such as disposing waste haphazardly.

In the quest to provide facilities for tourists the environment has been affected in
other ways, large hotels and other facilities for tourists and likes consume large
amounts of power in their quest to provide a long list of patrons with all the ‘hip’
electronic comforts.

The tourist themselves face several difficulties in their quest for, journey and stay in
these foreign lands, such as the sometimes tiring search for visas and the duration of
stay permitted by the host country. Another is security; most places because of
frequent tourist visits have become targets for criminal activities such as kidnapping
and terrorism.

When we talk about hospitality, it would be relevant to know what makes it so

important in the world economic map. As per World Travel and Tourism Council
(WTTC) Travel & Tourism continues to be one of the world’s largest industries. The
total impact of the industry means that, in 2011, it contributed 9% of global GDP or a
value of over US$6 trillion, and accounted for 255 million jobs. Over the next ten
years this industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually, taking it to
10% of global GDP, or some US$10 trillion. By 2022, it is anticipated that it will
account for 328 million jobs or 1 in every 10 jobs on the planet. (World Travel and
Tourism Council (WTTC), 2012) On the other hand, it commands an important role
in the economic map of India as well.

The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was INR1,689.8bn (1.9% of
total GDP) in 2011, and is forecast to rise by 7.6% in 2012, and to rise by 7.7% pa,
from 2012-2022, to INR3,805.2bn in 2022 (in constant 2011 prices). The total
contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was INR5,651.0bn (6.4% of GDP) in
2011, and is forecast to rise by 7.3% in 2012, and to rise by 7.8% p.a to
INR12,891.2bn in 2022.In 2011 Travel & Tourism directly supported 24,975,000
jobs (5.0% of total employment).

This is expected to rise by 3.0% in 2012 and rise by 1.6% p.a to 30,198,000 jobs
(5.1% of total employment) in 2022 (World Travel and Tourism Council
(WTTC).Above figures gives us enough idea about why this industry has a major
importance in the world economic map.

Obviously, for every industry to sustain its growth, it is imperative that they embrace
and implement the latest technology available in the world. That’s where they
improve and increase their profits, while attract more customers and increase their
margins. No matter how and what they implement, as long as it is acceptable for the
customer, the provider would sustain, else he gets lost in the race.

Technology adoption
Technology adoption has not been so slow in hospitality industry. Accounting and
financial systems were introduced in the industry during the 1960s, but these were
exclusively used by large hotels as mainframe-based systems. Systems oriented to
property management were introduced later in the 1970s. During the 1980s, systems
were ported to mini-computer and micro-computer based platforms. Accounting,
financial and property management systems finally became available even to the
smallest operators.

Sales and marketing applications were developed to provide a competitive advantage

for properties. (Lars Hansen & M Owen, 2012)The 1990s was marked as the decade
of integration, driven by powerful networking capabilities offered by client server
technology. This technology brought no less than the dismantling of the management
information system (MIS) paradigm as we have known it. Guest services also
changed with introduction of televisions in every room, availability of in-room
television sets having suite of interactive programs and services. Guests were given
option to navigate through videos which could narrate the facilities available in the
property. Smart cards for access to rooms and for other services available in the
property were introduced for customer conveniences as well are increasing security at
the same time reducing the cost.

As per Ted Horner, an Australia based hospitality technology consultant who chaired
the Hotel Technology Middle East conference in Dubai, "in the hotels business the
biggest difficulty it faces is the speed at which technology evolves, making it
impossible for hotels to keep up with the latest developments" (AME Info, 2010).
Customer – The king – Requirements varied
Every customer should be seen as special and unique, there lies the success, as the
customer expects personalized service. This can be achieved with the help of
technology – the customer requirements can be gathered by giving options for him to
list down them at the time of reservation – for example pick up from the airport, sea
facing rooms, non smoking rooms, food requirements, business meeting requirements
and so on. (Anand, 2011)

With the advent of technology, the customer behavior also has changed. During the
1970’s customers used to write their complaints in a polite manner and they were
ready to wait in long queues, the trends changed in 1990’s and the customers became
more demanding, required better and personalized services at ease. The scenario has
completely changed today. Customers are socially connected and not shy of speaking
their mind online and they require instant gratification. (Doshi, 2011)

Interdependence
Hospitality industry is not a standalone industry. It is part of the "larger picture"
called Travel and Tourism industry. It cannot survive on its own, as the customer for
this industry gets generated from other industry as well. So, for example passenger
flying in an airline landing up at an airport is getting picked up by the car rental
company who then drops him at the hotel and so on. Here in this small example we
can see the synchronization of three different parties. A close link and a good
interlink makes it all possible and that brings business for all the parties. (Deloitte,
2010) Adoption of technology has made it all possible for the industry to make it
easier for this interaction or rather it has made it possible for bundling the services
and reaps the benefits together.

Social Media and its effects

With the emergence of the internet revolution, social media has caught up. It is now a
great "influencer ", among customers for hospitality industry. People tend to do so
much of research prior to utilizing the services of properties through social media.
In a way, the services of social media could be listed as below

Helping to grow, growing to help – Social media growth at a rapid pace. They grow
in their own sphere while it helps various industries to prosper and utilize its benefits.
Multiple purposes – Purpose of social media is to build a net based "society" who
interacts and transacts on a daily basis. People use social media for varied purposes
which cannot be listed in few words and they are numerous.

Feedback mechanism – If utilized properly, for hospitality industry, social media

could be used as a feedback mechanism. We could track as to what people think
about the business and what value do they give. These feedbacks could turn
destructive as well. It would be the role of the relevant department to track these
feedbacks and take necessary steps to rectify.

Marketing opportunity – Social media could be used as a marketing opportunity

which would address a bigger group than what you could reach otherwise. It works in
a similar manner as the word-of-mouth publicity. In short, it is "contagious" – news
carried from one person to another and reaching a larger group.

Credibility and Trust factor for travelers – Information received from certain social
media are treated as worthwhile by customers. For example Trip Advisor is one such
social media which travelers – the general public visits, prior to planning a trip. They
get details on properties, places and activities available in a particular country, city
and so on.

Helps in decision making – As mentioned earlier, most techno savvy travelers rely on
the information received from social media to derive at a decision.

Growing number of internet users adds scope – The information explosion happens
beyond leaps and bounds. As per Internet Stats, a website that publishes data from
reliable sources like Nielsen Online, International Telecommunications Union, and
GfK, there were an estimate of 6,930,055,154 internet users by end of December
2011 which was an increase of 528.1% over December 2010 figures when there were
360,985,492 internet users worldwide. (Stats: Internet World Stats, 2012)

There has to be proper follow ups to reap the benefit that the social media offers
today. If not handled properly, it could turn disastrous for a business. In the social
media world, there are certain groups who take active participation. 1) Sharers who
gets the joy from sharing their experiences, irrespective of whether they are good or
bad. 2) Ranters’ whose main aim is to crib on others 3) Suggesters who writes with
the sole aim of providing a solution. 4) Influencers who are very critical to brand
building. (Either a ranter or a suggester may turn out to be an influence. 5) Followers
simply follow the above four and try to maximize their gains by listening to the right
netizen. Followers are the real executers and hence are critical to boosting sales. It
would be imperative for a business to influence the influencers and to grab the
opportunity from the followers.

As per Jake Hird, E-consultancy Australia's Director of Research and Education,

taking 50

Million as the benchmark, radio achieved this number of listeners in 38 years.

Television took 13 years to reach , internet took four years and iPod only required
three years to reach that same number of users while it look less than nine months for
Facebook to reach 100 million users, while 1 billion iPod applications were
downloaded in same time frame. (Hird, 2009) This shows the importance of social
media as a player in reaching out to customers.

According to reports from Nielsen, 100million Indians are online and the number is
growing rapidly, 45000 new users getting connected to social network sites each day.
Indians spend more time on social media than they do checking personal email. India
has world's 3rd largest Facebook community. 67% of Indians on the web use online
reviews to make purchase decisions. Social media was key force in galvanizing
recent anti-corruption movement. 60% of social media users in India are open being
approached by brands.

Journey before the trip

Virtual reality has changed the way the world looks and books. Today, customer
knows much more than the provider can offer. The moment a customer lands up at
the hotel, the customer has a list of requirements which he has gathered from various
sources. It is no more possible for the provider to take the traveler for a royal ride.

Travelers spend weeks contemplating their holiday options and typically book
months in advance of their trips. This has certainly been the trend in developed
markets. In the U.S., the average discretionary traveler spends 21 days selecting a
destination, and this selection is made 87 days before departure.

This U.S. discretionary traveler will then spend 17 days choosing travel components
like airline tickets and hotel rooms, and make his first booking 64 days before
departure. In emerging markets, however, the planning cycle is much shorter and
varies substantially by country. Brazil looks most similar to the developed markets
overall, but Brazilians spend more time weighing both their destination (30 days) and
product purchases (25 days) before committing. Indian travelers have the shortest
destination lead time (starting 50 days out), partly because they most often travel to
domestic destinations.

Success of adoption depends on how well someone adopts technology and places it
for his benefit. For example a wrongly built web site could lead to more looks than
books. The look to book ratio would be higher while the money and effort spent
would mean just a waste and hence, how well technology is used and utilized would
have a direct impact on its success.

Just because latest technology has been adopted, doesn’t mean that the success can be
ensured. Trend setters in the field have tweaked the technology in their favor, placed
it at the right place and at the right time.

Hospitality is one of the first few industries who realized the value of websites and
most importantly the value of search engine optimization (SEO). This, in a way led
them to explore the possibilities of social media. Even today, the opportunities
available using social media is underutilized.

Social Media has to be seen as an opportunity to sell and a marketing tool to reach
out to customers and generate interests which turns to business. Relationship built
and maintained with customers will make them ambassadors and they would lead the
marketing arm of an organization. To keep in touch and to keep linked with the
customers; social media could be utilized as a tool. While a marketing plan is made,
the property needs to ensure that they make social media an integral part in it, in
order to ensure that they reap the benefits of social media.

With globalization and its effects, the actual market that needs to be focused has
increased multifold. The reach of customers across the globe is more with the
emergence of internet. Customers get generated from various parts of the world and
to capitalize this, you need to differentiate to survive.

Technology tools available today, gives an opportunity for the providers to be

different from what the rest do – in short standing out in the crowd and get noticed.
So tomorrow we may see the hotels having alarm clocks which doesn’t make noise,
rather it increases the light in the room to wake up the guest, giving a calmer start to
the day. We might see televisions working based on voice recognition and so on.

When technology reaches new heights, the users also get to upgrade their knowledge.
Like in every industry, the customers for the hospitality industry are also not the
same as they were before. Today we face the well informed traveler/customer who
has more avenues and options to grab more knowledge on what he wants and what
exactly is he looking at. Thanks to information technology boom.

Today’s customer is a well informed well planned customer who would not be
satisfied by a plain simple explanation. The "why" factor would pop up in his mind
since he has more information than what you could give. Personal touch or personal
charisma or the personal factor hasn’t still been eradicated from the industry, but the
customer is well aware of how much he has to pay for each service. He comes well
studied to enjoy your services.

During the earlier years, selling a hotel room was purely through direct traveler
contact or through travel agent. Direct sale used to happen mostly by word of mouth.
Gone are those days, now customer gets generated from various sources. Like
discussed earlier, an airline could be a business partner or a car rental company could
be a partner who would generate business for a hotel and vice versa.

With use of technology and so called "bundling" of services, all parties involved in
the chain gets benefitted. Hospitality is about interfacing and interacting with
customers and other fellow providers within the industry. Technology can aide with
the necessary tools to make this interaction smoother. In short, keeping the business
up to date with technology is not optional for hospitality industry, they are
inseparable.
ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM
The key benefits of tourism are economic, socio-cultural and environmental.

Economic benefits - Tourism can provide direct jobs to the community, such as tour
guides or hotel housekeeping. Indirect employment is generated through other
industries such as agriculture, food production, and retail.

Visitors' expenditure generates income for the local community and can lead to the
alleviation of poverty in countries which are heavily reliant on tourism.

Economic diversification is important to areas where there may be a concentration of

environmentally damaging industries such as mining or manufacturing.

Infrastructure development such as airports, roads, schools, hospitals, and retail areas
have the potential to benefit the local community and can aid economic development
by allowing more trade and better flow of goods and services.

Social benefits - Tourism can bring about a real sense of pride and identity to
communities. By showcasing distinct characteristics of their ways of life, history and
culture, tourism can encourage the preservation of traditions which may be at risk of

Environmental benefits - Tourism provides financial support for the conservation of

ecosystems and natural resource management, making the destination more authentic
and desirable to visitors. It also adds more value to the local tourism business.

TOURISM IN INDIA
Tourism in India is economically important and is growing rapidly. The World
Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹14.02 lakh crores
(US$210 billion) or 9.6% of the nation's GDP in 2016 and supported 40.343 million
jobs, 9.3% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate
of 6.8% to ₹28.49 lakh crores (US$420 billion) by 2027 (10% of GDP). In October
2015, India's medical tourism sector was estimated to be worth US$3 billion. It is
projected to grow to $7–8 billion by 2020. In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients traveled
to India to seek medical treatment.
About 88.90 lakh (8.89 million) foreign tourists arrived in India in 2016 compared to
80.27 lakh (8.027 million) in 2015, recording a growth of 10.7%. Domestic tourist
visits to all states and Union Territories numbered 1,036.35 million in 2012, an
increase of 16.5% from 2011. In 2014, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh
were the most popular states for tourists. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Agra and Jaipur
have been the five most visited cities of India by foreign tourists during the year
2015. Worldwide, Delhi is ranked at 28 by the number of foreign tourist arrivals,
while Mumbai is ranked at 30, Chennai at 43, Agra at 45, Jaipur at 52 and Kolkata at
90.

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks India 40th out of 136
countries overall. The report ranks the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector
10th out of 136 countries. It mentions that India has quite good air transport (ranked
32nd), particularly given the country’s stage of development, and reasonable ground
transport infrastructure (ranked 29th).

The country also scores high on natural and cultural resources (ranked 9th). Some
other aspects of its tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped however.
The nation has very few hotel rooms per capita by international comparison and low
ATM penetration. The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts
from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific
countries.

The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and
promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with
other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state
governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private sector.
Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural,
cruise, medical and eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains the Incredible India
campaign.

India has a composite culture. There is a harmonious blend of art, religion and
philosophy. Thought India has been subjected to a serious of invasions, she has
retained her originality even after absorbing the best of external influences. Religions
like Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism
etc. has co-existed in India. India has fascinated people from all over the world with
her secularism and her culture.

The diverse geographical locales of India delight the tourists. The monuments,
museums, forts, sanctuaries, places of religious interest, palaces, etc. offer a treat to
the eyes. Every region is identified with its handicrafts, fairs, folk dances, music and
its people. Some of the places that attract a huge number of tourists are Agra, Jaipur,
Jhansi, Hyderabad, Nalanda, Mysore, Delhi, Mahabaleshwar, Aurangabad etc.
Hardwar, Ujjain, Shirdi, Varanasi, Allahabad, Puri, Ajmer, Amritsar, Vaishno Devi,
Badrinath, Kedarnath, Rameshwaram etc. are places of religious importance.
Srinagar, Kullu, Manali, Dehradun, Nainital, Darjeeling, Ooty etc. are famous hill
resorts.

The Department of Tourism was formed to promote international and domestic

tourism in the country. It provides infrastructure and carries out publicity campaigns.
It provides information aimed at promotion of tourist sites in the world market. It
formulates policies and programmes for the promotion of tourism in India. It has
officers in India and abroad. The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel
Management, The National Council for Hotel management and Catering technology
etc. provide professionally trained personnel to the industry.

TYPES OF TOURISM IN INDIA

Tourism in India has emerged as the fastest growing industries in the last decade and
is still in its growth phase. The diverse flora and fauna, climatic conditions, historical
heritages and cultural diversity in India have made it the first choice of the tourists
across the world.

The major reason behind the success of tourism industry in India is the availability of
all aspects of tourism at a single country, whether it be nature, wildlife, cultural
diversity, ecological biodiversity, adventure and many more. In addition to that, the
hospitality of India is famous worldwide giving it an additional edge to attract the
tourists from different countries.
There are various types of tourism branches in India that can be enjoyed at different
tourist destinations of India. The major of them are:

Adventure Tourism
Adventure tourism has shown phenomenal growth in the recent years in India.
Adventure tourism involves exploration of various exotic areas and doing various
adventurous activities over there including trekking, skiing, water rafting, paragliding
and much more. The most exotic and adventurous destinations of India include
Ladakh, Sikkim, and Himalaya. Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.

Wildlife Tourism in India

India is rich in forest reserve and the tourist can really experience the beauty of
nature in many parts of the country. The ecological biodiversity of India enables the
tourists see a number of species some of which are rare to find and are endangered.
Some of the top destinations for wildlife tourism in India are: Sariska Wildlife
Sanctuary, Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Ranthambore National Park, Kaziranga
National Park, Sundarbans and Corbett National Park.

Medical tourism
In last few years India has gained the attention of the people across the world medical
tourism destinations. The highly effective medicinal system like Ayurveda and other
alternative medicinal practices is attracting people from every part of the globe for
the treatment of many various chronic ailments in a cost effective way. The favorite
spot for medical tourism in India is Kerala.

Pilgrimage Tourism
India has always been for its temples and religious places and attracts a huge number
of pilgrims from every part of the world for visiting various religious places and
temples. The major pilgrimage of India is Vaishno Devi, Kailash Mansarovar, Sun
temple, Jagannath Temple, Golden temple, Char Dham, Balaji Temple, Meenakshi
Temple and Mathura Vrindavan.
Eco tourism
Eco-tourism is one of the most fascinating forms of tourism that has emerged
significantly these days. This includes the travel of various naturally endowed area or
region such as national parks, forest reserves, and sanctuaries. India is rich in ecology
and hence attracts a large number of tourists every year for ecotourism. Kaziranga
National Park, Gir National Park, and Kanha National Park are some of the favorite
eco-tourism spots of India.

Cultural tourism
India is very rich in its cultural heritage and is culturally very diversed too. The
ancient monuments, fair and festivals held in India are the major point of attraction
for the tourists. The Durga puja, Ganpati puja, Pushkar fair, Kumbh mela, Taj
Mahotsav, and Suraj Kund mela are some of the major festivals and fairs attracting
the tourists.
CHAPTER 2
 ABOUT GOKARNA AND GOA

Tourism in Gokarna
Gokarna is a town on the Arabian Sea, in the southwestern Indian state of Karnataka.
A popular pilgrimage destination for Hindus, it’s known for sacred sites like
Mahabaleshwar Temple, which has a shrine dedicated to the deity Shiva. Nearby,
Koti Teertha is a temple tank where devotees wash in the holy waters. The town is
also home to beaches such as palm-lined Gokarna, in the center, plus Kudle and Om
farther south.

History of Gokarna
The name Gokarna is made of two words, gau meaning cow and karna meaning ear,
translating to cow’s ear. The reason for such a name is associated with its roots in
mythology and also its geography. According to one story, the reason for naming
this place Gokarna is because it is at the confluence of two rivers Gangavati and
Aghanashini and this looks like a cow’s ear. The other, more interesting legend
takes us back to mythology. According to this one, Shiva was sent to Patal Lok
(under the earth) by Brahma. He later emerged from the earth out a cow’s ear and
that is why the name. Being a temple town, Gokarna has many mythological tales
associated with it. It is also holds mention in the Shrimad Bhagavata Purana. When
you visit the place, you will hear more stories and legends about Gokarna and how it
came to be. Whether you believe them or not, they surely make for a good story.

Tourist attractions in Gokarna

1. Hoysaleswara temple
Hoysaleswara temple, also referred simply as the Halebidu temple, is a 12th-century
Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva. It is the largest monument in Halebidu, a town in
the state of Karnataka, India and the former capital of the Hoysala Empire. The
temple was built on the banks of a large man-made lake, and sponsored by King
Vishnuvardhana of the Hoysala Empire. Its construction started around 1121 CE and
was complete in 1160 CE. During the early 14th century, Halebidu was twice sacked
and plundered by the Muslim armies of the Delhi Sultanate from northern India, and
the temple and the capital fell into a state of ruin and neglect. It is 30 kilometers (19
mi) from Hassan city and about 210 kilometers (130 mi) from Bengaluru.

2. Sri Mahabaleshwar Temple

The Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna is a 4th-century CE Hindu temple located in
Gokarna, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka state, India which is built in the
classical Dravidian architectural style. It is a site of religious pilgrimage. The temple
faces the Karwar city beach on the Arabian Sea in which Hindu pilgrims cleanse
before visiting the temple for worship. The temple is considered as holy as the Shiva
temple at Varanasi or Kāśi (Kashi) in North India on the banks of the Ganges River.
Hence, the Mahabaleshwar temple, Gokarna is known as the Dakshin Kasi ("Kasi of
the south"). The temple deifies the Pranalinga ("the reality of God which can be
captured by the mind") also called Atmalinga or Shiva Linga In legend, it is said that
the deity of the temple will bestow immense blessings to devotees, even to those
who only glimpse it. Currently the administrative charge of the temple is with Sri
Ramachandrapura Mutt, as per the guidance of Adiguru Shankaracharya during the
establishment of the Matha.
3. Gokarna beach

Gokarna's main attraction is its beaches, where people come to chill and soak up the
sun for months at a time. As Gokarna is one of the most sacred holy towns for Hindus
in south India, there are also some important temples to see. Unfortunately, they're
off limits to non-Hindus but you can grab a glimpse inside. The Mahabaleshwar
Temple houses a huge lingam (symbol) of Lord Shiva. Make sure you check out the
huge chariots near the Ganpati Temple, which carry a Shiva idol through the streets
while people throw bananas at it for good luck during the Shivaratri Festival in
February or early March.
4. Om beach
Om Beach is shaped as two semi crescents joined together forming the shape of Om
(Hindu Symbol) hence the name Om beach. Tourists can enjoy the banana boat,
surfing, jet skiing etc. on this beach. The beach has a breathtaking view of the
sunset. For someone who loves the beach, Om beach is a must visit. The long
stretch of white sandy beach adjoining the rocky terrain is excellent and appealing to
the eyes.

The beach is not always crowded yet for those who love to spend their precious lone
time can find the place intimidating. The various sports and entertainment activities
keep the people engaged here on the beach. The beach is perfect toindulge in
parasailing, and other adventure sports to chill the vacation time.
5. Paradise beach
Another beach in the land of beaches, the Paradise beach is also known as the full
moon beach. It can be accused by three different ways, since there is no road
connectivity one can board a motor boat from Om beach or Half-moon beach.
Another way is to hike from the Half-moon beach. It is a 20 minutes hike and
walking on the big rocks and going around the hill is enjoyable.

The beach stretches over 150 meters in length and 70% of the beach is rocks. The
remaining portion has clean white sand. This beach was a popular hippie spot in the
past years and famous for the weed that was sold there. Weather: Summer 22°C to
40°C Winter 12°C to 23°C.
 Tourism in Goa
The state of Goa, in India, is famous for its beaches and places of worship, and
tourism is its primary industry. Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of
Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. Foreign tourists, mostly from Europe,
arrive in Goa in winter whilst the summer and monsoon seasons see a large number
of Indian tourists. Goa handled 2.29% of all foreign tourist arrivals in the country in
2011. This relatively small state is situated on the western coast of India, between
the borders of Maharashtra and Karnataka and is better known to the world as a
former Portuguese enclave on Indian soil. Tourism is said to be the backbone of
Goa's economy.

Influenced by over 450 years of Portuguese rule and Latin culture, Goa presents a
somewhat different representation of the country to foreign visitors. Major tourist
attractions include: Bom Jesus Basilica, Fort Aguada, a wax museum on Indian
culture and a heritage museum. The Churches and Convents of Goa have been
declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

As of 2013 Goa was the destination of choice for Indian and foreign tourists,
particularly Britons, with limited means who wanted to party. The state was hopeful
that changes could be made which would attract a more upscale demography.

Tourist attractions in Goa

1. Aguada fort
The fort was constructed in 1612 to guard against the Dutch and the Marathas. It was
a reference point for the vessels coming from Europe at that time. This Old
Portuguese fort stands on the beach south of Candolim, at the shore of the Mondovi
River. It was initially tasked with defense of shipping and the nearby Bardez sub
district.
A freshwater spring within the fort provided water supply to the ships that used to
stop by. This is how the fort got its name: Aguada, meaning Water. Crews of passing
ships would often visit to replenish their fresh water stores. On the fort stand a four-
storey Portuguese lighthouse, erected in 1864 and the oldest of its kind in Asia. Built
in 1612, it was once the grandstand of 79 cannons. It has the capacity of storing
2,376,000 gallons of water, one of the biggest freshwater storages of the time in
whole of Asia. This fort is divided in two segments: the upper part acted as fort and
watering station, while the lower part served as a safe berth for Portuguese ships.
Whereas the upper part has a moat, underground water storage chamber, gunpowder
room, light house and bastions, it also has a secret escape passage to use during time
of war and emergency. The lighthouse at initial stage is used to emit light once in 7
minutes. In 1834 it was changed to emit light creating eclipse every 30 seconds;
however it was abandoned in 1976.
 2. Baga beach
Baga Beach is a popular beach and tourist destination in North Goa. Baga is located
at the north end of the contiguous beach stretch that starts from Sinquerim, Candolim,
leads to Calangute, and then to Baga.

The beach contains rows of shacks and fishing boats, and at high tide the beach is
narrow.

The beach is named after the Baga Creek, which empties into the Arabian Sea at the
north end of the beach.

Baga Beach is also famous for water sports, such as parasailing and banana rides, and
dolphin cruises. In Baga Beach, new parking has been constructed for around 800
cars or more, and there is baga Creek Bridge which connects northern part like
Arpora & Anjuna.
 3. Basilica of Bom Jesus

The Basilica of Bom Jesus or Borea Jezuchi Bajilika (Portuguese: Basílica do Bom
Jesus) is located in Goa, India, and is part of the Churches and convents of Goa
UNESCO World Heritage Site. The basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis
Xavier. The church is located in Old Goa, which was the capital of Goa in the early
days of Portuguese rules.

'Bom Jesus' (literally, 'Good (or Holy) Jesus') is the name used for the Ecce Homo in
the countries of Portuguese colonization. The Jesuit church is India’s first minor
basilica, and is considered to be one of the best examples of baroque architecture in
India.
 4. Boat cruises de goa
The Santa Monica takes you on a leisurely cruise along the Mondovi River. While
the boat sails down the river, local boys and girls perform folk dances and sing
mandos. Their performance is followed up a live band. The Santa Monica then takes
you past the Panjim riverfront to Miramar to witness a spectacular sunset.

This cruise is generally included in the North Goa Tours arranged by the GTDC. This
is an hour-long cruise on the Santa Monica which takes guests out on a leisurely sail
down the River Mondovi from the Santa Monica jetty in Panaji. While the vessel
sails serenely down the river past the beautiful Adil Shah Palace that was once the
first building in Panjim City. This was the summer palace of the Sultan which was
then used by the Viceroy of Portugal and finally by the government of Goa as its
Secretariat. Now that a new Secretariat is in use on Porvorim Hill across the river
Mondovi, the Adil Shah Palace will be turned into a cultural center with art galleries
and concert halls, etc.

While you sail down the river local boys and girls treat you to some Goa's best-
known folk dances, the dekhni and the fugdi. They sing mandos and finally give over
center stage to live musicians or a DJ and the guest can then sing and dance and
generally make merry. This cruise is a huge success with people of all ages, men,
women and children.

The Santa Monica then takes you past the Panjim riverfront past the jetty and old
colonial buildings on past the Promenade with its lovely tree lined avenues past
Miramar where you sit and watch one of Goa's spectacular sunsets. You can see the
spread of the Mormugao Port and the mass of the Aguada Fort and as the shadows
lengthen you find yourself transported back in history to the time when all visitors
who landed on these shores loved Goa so much, they wanted to possess her.
CHAPTER 3
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or
organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to
business competition or project planning.

STRENGTHS OF GOA TOURISM:

The strengths of Goa tourism are natural as well as manmade. Important strengths are

1. 105 kms. Long fabulous beaches.

2. Pleasant climate during most part of the year ranging between 24°C - 35°C in
summer and 21°C - 32°C in winter.
3. Rich cultural heritage - celebration of many Christian and Hindu festivals.
4. Beautiful mountains and serene rivers (the Western Ghats and Mandovi and
Zuari).
5. Heritage monuments, churches and temples, etc.
6. Accessibility by all modes of transport from the cities in India and flights to
Sharjah and Kuwait and chartered flights from Europe.
7. Fairly developed tourism related industries like hotel and restaurant, banking
etc.

WEAKNESSES
The following weaknesses have been identified in Goa tourism:

1. Narrow roads and shortage of transport facilities round the clock.

2. Inadequate marketing of tourism products of Goa in the national and
international markets.
3. Lack of sufficient awareness among local residents regarding the economic,
social and cultural benefits of tourism.
4. Lack of coordination among the different departments and agencies of tourism.
5. Lack of adequate professional training facilities for human resource
development and quality of service.

OPPORTUNITIES
Goa has a large potential for the development of new areas as tourist spots. These are:

1. HEALTH TOURISM: Western tourists have great regard for Indian ancient
practices of treatment like Ayurveda, Yoga and Nature Cure, etc., which can be
exploited.
2. EDUCATIONAL TOURISM: Goa has a reputed university which was
awarded four stars by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council
(NAAC) and has medical, engineering, law colleges and other educational
institutes. Development of residential public schools and professional institutes
will bring more domestic and foreign tourists.
3. BUSINESS TOURISM: The state can serve as a destination for conventions,
conferences and industrial trade fairs etc.
4. ADVENTURE TOURISM: Water sports and paragliding can be developed as
adventure tourism items.
5. Cultural tourism can also be developed in a better way, if, all the cultural
events of Goa are marketed properly to the national and international markets.
This can help to attract more tourists.

THREATS
The following threats are identified to Goa tourism:

1. Negative publicity by some organizations against the development of tourism.

2. Social problems like drugs, sexual abuse and AIDS etc.
3. Inadequate Infrastructural facilities like roads, electricity, water, etc., are
threats to Goa tourism.

STRENGTHS OF GOKARNA
1. Rich and preserved resources base for city tourism development.
2. Pleasant climate, clean sea and clean air.
3. Good traffic connections and easy access.
4. Recognizability on traditional tourist generating markets (Slovenia, Austria,
Italy, Germany, etc.)
5. Kindness of the population and employees in tourism.
OPPORTUNITIES

1. Development of selective forms of tourism within the city tourism offer

possibility of achieving greater recognizability on traditional tourist generating
markets (Slovenia, Austria, Italy, Germany, etc.)
2. Creating of a brand of city tourism.
3. Development of new experiences based on unique tourist offer of Rijeka.
4. Sustainable development of tourism.
5. Raising of general quality of the facilities.
6. Creation of synergy between culture and tourism.

WEAKNESS
1. Insufficiently profiled offer.
2. Lack of innovation.
3. Lack of organization.
4. Insufficient value for money.
5. Insufficient recognizability on the new market niche.

THREATS
1. Pollution of the environment.
2. Uncoordinated development.
3. Rapid growth of new markets.
4. Creation of new competitive destinations and products.
CHAPTER 4
 Development of the Gokarna and Goa tourism

Goa development:
Goa is located in the western region of India. The state shares its borders with the
Arabian Sea to the west, Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the south and the
east. It is traditionally known as a tourist paradise for its natural scenery, unique
beaches and cultural diversity.

Goa is one of the fastest growing states in the country. The Gross State Domestic
Product of Goa at current prices increased at a Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of 8.78 per cent from 2011-12 to 2016-17. Goa’s net state domestic product
(NSDP) was Rs 587.71 billion (US$ 8.76 billion) in 2016-17. Goa's economic growth
is driven by the strong performance of industrial sectors such as mining, tourism and
pharmaceuticals.

As of September 2018, Goa had a total installed power generation capacity of 549.41
MW. Goa is also one of the few states in India to achieve 100 per cent rural
electrification.

Goa has a well-developed social, physical and industrial infrastructure and virtual
connectivity. It has an international airport that is in line with its importance as a
globally-recognized leisure destination. It also has significant port infrastructure. The
state has an established base for the pharmaceuticals industry and an emerging
destination for knowledge-based industries such as biotechnology and IT.

According to the Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP), FDI inflows
into the state of Goa, during April 2000 to June 2018, were US$ 970 million.

Recent Developments:

 A second Greenfield international airport is being developed in Mopa, Goa with

an annual capacity to handle 30 million passengers by phase IV. The first phase
of the airport is expected to start by September 2020.
  A new export policy for the state is also being prepared in order to promote
exports for manufactured goods and surplus agriculture produce.
 Goa government has approved the Rs 981 core (US$ 144.1 million) proposal
for Panaji Smart City which will have a major focus on eco-mobility, public
transport system and improvement of conservation zones.
 For the development of ‘Ease of doing business’ and ‘investor friendly
ecosystem’ initiatives in the state, the state government has proposed to
establish an EMS (Electronic Monitoring).

Gokarna Development
The town is popular among Hindu pilgrims as Gokarna has one of the few Shiva's
holy temples with what is claimed to be original image of the god (a lingam). It is also
the home of several religious celebrations, and some of them denote a good sense of
dramaturgy. The most famous is the colorful "Shiva Ratri" festival at the end of
February. If you are averse to massive crowd, unfamiliar with local culture, it is
advisable to keep away during that time. Tourists arriving to Gokarna will stop at a
check-point at the entrance of the town to allow the police to search their luggage.
Even in the middle of the night if they come with the Matsyagandha express from
Mumbai.

European backpackers originally visited the place for its warm winter climate and the
not-so-crowded atmospheric beaches. An increasing number of foreigners have visited
the area over the last 10 years. Additionally, it has become popular with young
wealthy Indians coming from Bangalore and Mumbai.

Gokarna is no longer a place for backpackers looking for a basic hut on the beach.
Most establishments have upgraded to concrete guest houses with attached bathrooms,
and several 4 star resorts have opened up shop.

Moreover, Gokarna is an Eldorado for the police officers, who want to fulfill their
bank accounts and whose main occupation is to hunt the smoker. Think of that: it's
20000 rps for a spliff...THEY CAN VISIT YOU NIGHT AND DAY IN YOUR
ROOM ON MAIN BEACH. Traditional disrespect from the locals and the police
harassment have sent many foreigners to greener pastures or just back to Goa, where
the beaches are nicer and the people incomparably more friendly. People looking for
spirituality should move south to Udupi for its non-commercial and pristine
atmosphere. There are four beaches in Gokarna. Internet and travel booking are
available on Kudle and Om beach, but there are no ATM facilities.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Tourism and travel service is a major industry attention in the world. Many countries
by realizing the significance of this sector are trying to strengthen it. Many developing
as well as developed countries are making serious efforts to reshape the tourism
sector. Since the tourism has capacity to generate foreign exchange through attracting
thee foreign tourist. India is expected to be the second fastest growing tourism nation
in the world over the period 2005-2014.In 2007 around 5.08 million tourists arrived in
India and they spent nearly US 11 million dollars. It contributes significantly to the
creation of employment opportunities, income and harmony. India has taken many
steps to improve tourism in the last 50 years. Though there an increase in the absolute
numbers of tourist arrivals but share of India to total world tourism arrivals and
earning is very low this is due to factors which affect the tourism demand in India.
Central government and State government should encourage rural tourism by
providing financial support to start the project. Because it will create employment in
rural areas and it will also help in flow of fund from urban to rural. It can help in
preventing the migration of people from rural area to urban areas. Lack of Trained
Manpower especially in hotel management may not be interested to go to rural area to
work. The rural people who will be appointed are required to be trained for
discharging their duties. Decorating the cottages or suites and maintain them. Serving
foods to the visitors, to understand the taste of the customers, either it should be local
cuisine or different type of India cuisine or continental dishes. They may get the jobs
of unskilled worker. The rural people need to develop the knowledge and skill to have
an elevated contribution in rural tourism. The basic concept behind rural tourism is to
emphasize on participation of rural people. But in practice local people are hardly ever
involved in decision making, planning and implementing policies. Most of the rural
people do not have much knowledge of tourism, and are misled by outside investors
who hope to take most of the economic benefits from rural areas. Consequently, local
people become confused about what kind of tourism they want to establish in their
own area. Thus, there is an ample scope for enhancing the India’s share in world
tourism once we minimize these determinant factors through expansion of world class
infrastructure facilities. There is need to develop a policy protection force in almost all
the tourist destinations. This will certainly be helpful for improvement of economic
conditions of our Indian people besides earning foreign exchange.
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