QuadcopterFinalReport PDF
QuadcopterFinalReport PDF
QuadcopterFinalReport PDF
Information
● Project Name: Quadcopter
● Logo: NA
● Group Member:
a. Sagar Patel.
Work: Schematic and PCB layout checking. PCB soldering. Fabrication.
b. Tonghua Li
Work: Schematic and PCB design. Firmware development. Report drafting.
Description
Quadcopter project is a summer PCB design class project. We are going to learn how to make
a PCBbased quadcopter from scratch. A 4.2V lithium battery that can supply 4A current is used
to power the quadcopter; including microcontroller power, mpu6050 sensor power and the
motors. STM32F4 microcontroller on this board runs at 168MHz, with its FPU(Float Point Unit)
module, it could easily process data from mpu6050 to get board orientation with complementary
filter. A RTOS named ChibiOS is running on STM32F4, it is compact, fast and well
documented; it is written in C, so many C libraries could be used, or ported. For wireless
communication, we used XBee module; this module only need simple setup with provided
software, and only 4 pins are enough for our purpose, it is communication protocol (UART) is
also made it easy to use.
Quadcopter includes the following main parts.
● Quadcopter PCB board.
● STM32F4 microcontroller.
● 4.2V LiBattery + case.
● 2 LDO power supply modules.
one for microcontroller, the other one for mpu6050. The reason to separate power supply
for this two chips is to reduce mpu6050 power line noise, to get better data.
● 4 Motors
● 4 Motor blades
● XBee2 module
● wires or cable connectors that connects to the PCB circuit board to the motors.
● LED indicator.
Schematic Design
● Overall
● MCU
● Power Supply
This section is power supply for quadcopter. First LDO chip supply power for MCU and
XBee, second LDO supply power for MPU6050. Two LDOs reduce power line noise for
MPU6050. The last part of this section is battery connection circuit; 3 capacitors are used
to eliminate mcu power surge when motors are operating.
● Motor Drive Circuit
This section is motor drive circuit for 4 motors. A diode is used for each motor is used to
prevent current backflow. Each MOSFET transistor coupled with a 10K pull down
resistor, ensure the PWM signal quality.
● Boot Mode Configuration
Boot mode configuration is used for bootloader purpose. We left BOOT1 grounded, and
only control BOOT0, because here we either boot from Main Flash Memory or System
Memory.
● MPU6050
MPU6050 use I2C communication protocol, 2 4.7K pull up resistors are used on I2C
lines. Its AD0 pin is connected to ground to make its address is low address. Power
supply for this chip is VCCA, from isolated LDO.
● Debug Connector
STM developed SW debug protocol, only two lines are needed for debugging. In order to
save space and weight, we give up JTAG.
● XBee Module
XBee use serial communication (UART) with MCU. Its TX pin is connected to RX pin on
MCU, RX pin is connected to TX pin on MCU. But to make it safer, we add two 0 ohm
resistors to TX, RX lines. So we can swap connection in case it is wrong.
● Power Indicator LED
Just a indicator, but the resistor’s value is important to control lightness.
PCB Layout
1. Overall
The overall layout is based on module. Each module’s components are put together.
This would help on hardware debugging, and reduce layout error rate.
2. Motor Drive Circuit
Since four motors require 4A at the maximum, the power supply and ground traces
should be as wide as possible. So we make a power supply plane for motors.
3. MPU6050
This sensor is sensitive, motor driver circuit could produce a lot of noise, so we move it
as far as possible away from the drive circuit. Also, its datasheet said it could not be
placed under XBee, and no traces are allowed to go through its bottom.
4. Oscillator
It is placed as close as possible to mcu, and no vias is prefered.
5. XBee
XBee’s antenna is oriented so it is far away from MPU6050 chip, to reduce interference.
● Top Layer
● Bottom Layer
● Both Layers
Part Cost
Subto $68.22
tal
Shipp Estimate
ing
Sales unknown
Tax
Total $68.22
PCB Control Board
PCB Quadcopter Board
Redesign
1. Connect one more pair of UART for debugging.
2. Remove swap resistors for XBee TX, and RX line. Since we know connection.
3. Separate components more to leave space for hand soldering.
Final Thoughts
Quadcopter is a nice project for learning PCB design. Including power, motor driving, signal
processing. Design schematic and layout PCB require detail work, need to pay attentions to
datasheet for each chip, it is easier than physical work (soldering) since PC software could point
out most of problems. Fabrication and soldering are challenges, a little careless would result
solder touch each other and it is hard to notice. But all these are solvable once we have more
experience on PCB design, like math problems, do more practise.