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Mass Transfer Formulae

This document provides equations for mass transfer phenomena involving momentum, heat, and mass transport by analogy. It also provides equations for estimating diffusion coefficients in gases and liquids, as well as equations of continuity, flux relationships, and equations for mass transport in solids, gases, and liquids. The key equations relate flux to concentration gradients using diffusion coefficients and describe mass transport phenomena using concepts like molar, mass and diffusion fluxes.

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Marisa Kirisame
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
308 views9 pages

Mass Transfer Formulae

This document provides equations for mass transfer phenomena involving momentum, heat, and mass transport by analogy. It also provides equations for estimating diffusion coefficients in gases and liquids, as well as equations of continuity, flux relationships, and equations for mass transport in solids, gases, and liquids. The key equations relate flux to concentration gradients using diffusion coefficients and describe mass transport phenomena using concepts like molar, mass and diffusion fluxes.

Uploaded by

Marisa Kirisame
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR

MASS TRANSFER PHENOMENA


2

ANALOGY FOR MOMENTUM, HEAT AND MASS TRANSPORT

Newton's, Fourier's and I. Fick's Law

d u x   qz d  c p T  dCA
 zx   ;   ; J AZ  DAB
dz A dz dz

   / 

FLUXES FOR BINARY SYSTEMS

Mass Flux Molar Flux


nA=AVA NA=CAVA
jA*=A(VA-V*) JA*=CA(VA-V*)
jA=A(VA-V) JA=CA(VA-V)

Relationships Between Fluxes

NA+NB=CV* ; JA+JB=C(V*-V) ; JA* +JB*=0


nA+nB=V ; jA+jB=0 ; jA*+jB*=(V-V*)

ESTIMATION OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR BINARY GASES

Fuller, Schettler and Giddings Equation; Gilliland Equation;

0.001 T 1.75 1/M A  1/M B  0.0043 T 3 / 2 1 / M A  1 / M B 


1/ 2 1/ 2

D AB  D AB 
V  
;
P
1/ 3
A
  V B
1/ 3 2

P V A1 / 3  VB1 / 3 
2

0.001858 T 3 / 2 1 / M A  1 / M B 1 / 2
Chapman-Enskog Theory; D AB 
P 2
AB  AB,D

  5 1/ 3
 0. 75 Tc ;  1. 21 Tb ;   Vc ;   1.18 Vb1/ 3
k k 6

STEADY-STATE MULTICOMPONENT DIFFUSION OF GASES

NA  
D AM P dPA
RTPi dz
D
 AM
P
RTzPi Lo
PA1  PA2  
n
N A  X A  Ni
1  xA ;
DAB  DAM  n
i A
xB x x
 C  D  ...... 
1
 X i N A  X A Ni 
DAB DAC DAD i  A DAi

D AB,T2 ,P2  D AB,T1 ,P1 P1 / P2 T2 / T1 3 / 2 T1 / T2  


3

GENERAL EQUATION FOR DIFFUSION PLUS CONVECTION AT STEADY-STATE

P D AB N R  y A 2 NA
NA  NR ln ; NR 
z R T N R  y A1 NA  NB

Ci
Ni  J*i 
C
N i

N A  CD AB
dx A CA
 N A  N B 
dz C

Diffusion of A Through Stagnant B (DASB) Equimolar Counterdiffusion of A and B(ECD)


PB2  PB1
NA 
D AB P PB2
RTz
ln
PB1
; ln
PB2
PB1

PB Lo
; NA  
D AB
RTz

PA2  PA1 

MASS TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN LIQUIDS

x B2  x B1
NA 
D AB C AV
z x BM

x A1  x A2  DASB ; x BM 

ln x B2 / x B1 

NA 
D AB C AV
z

x A1  x A2  ECD

Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients for Liquids

DAB  7.4.10 8  B M B  T
1/ 2
   V  
B
0.6
A Wilke-Chang Equation

DAB  14.10 5  1.1


B VA0.6  Othmer-Thakar Equation

DAM 0k.8  xB DAB 0B.8  xC DAC 0C.8

EQUATIONS OF CONTINUITY FOR A BINARY MIXTURE

 CA  2 CA
 D AB II.Fick's Law
t z 2

 CA 
 . N A  RA ;  .n A   rA
t t

 CA
t
  
 C A .v  v .C A  D AB 2 C A  R A
4

MASS TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN SOLIDS

D AB(C A1  C A 2 ) PA1  PA 2 1
NA  ; NA  .
(z 2  z1) 22.4 L1 /PM1  L 2 /PM 2  ......
D ABS(PA1  PA 2 )

N A  D AB C A1  C A 2  ln2rπL/r  ; NA 
2 1 22.4(z 2  z1)

PM L S  C A  C A2
D AB  ; CA  PA ; NA  D AB 1
SΔΔA 22.4 2
kt z 2  z1

 D ABP  1   y A2 

D AM  D AB ; Molecular Diffusion NA  ln
k 2t  RTL  1   y A1 

Knudsen Diffusion NA 
D KAP
RTL

x A1  x A2 

D ABP  1  α yA 2  D AB/D KA 
Transition Region Diffusion NA  ln
α RTL  1  α yA1  D AB/D KA 

1/ 2
N 3.2μ RT λ  T  NB MA
α 1 B ; λ ; N KN  ; D KA  48.5 d  ; 
NA P 2π MA d  MA  NA MB

Mass Transfer Coefficients

kx  C kL  k x x B Lo  C k L x B Lo  kc C  kL  / M For Liquids


ky PB Lo
ky  Pkc / RT  PkG  PB Lo k G  PB Lo  kc C  k c For Gases
P RT

ky  k c y B Lo C  k G y B Lo P

Mass Transfer Coefficients in Turbulent Flow

L L L
N Sh  k c  k G RT  k y RT
D AB D AB PD AB

Lv Lvρ cpμ
N Pe  N Re N Sc  ; NRe  ; NPr 
D AB μ k

k k y
2
N Sh hl g L3 ΔΔ  ρ  μ
N St   c  ; NNu  ; N Gr    ; N Sc 
N Re N Sc v GM k ρ μ ρD AB
5

f h k y k h N 2P/r3 k  P NSc
2/ 3
   c  JH   JD  G
2 c p G G M v ort cpG GM

G  v ortρ ; GM  v ortρ /Mort

k c N Sc
2/3
k  P NSc
2/3
JD   G  N Sh / N Re N Sc 
1/ 3

v GM

INTERPHASE MASS TRANSPORT

ECD ; N A  k x x A  x A   Kx x A  x A  
   
i L L

N A  k y y AG  y Ai  Ky y AG  y A
ky
DASB ; NA 
1  yA i Lo
yA  yA   1  kyG  PA  PA   1  ykc  CA  CA 
1 2 1 2 1 2
A i Lo A i Lo

 y 
k y k y
NA  y A  y Ai    y A
1  y A i Lo G
1  y A i Lo
AG

k x
NA 
1  x A i Lo
x A1  x A 2   k L
C C
1  x A i Lo A1 A2
  

1  x A i Lo 
1  x A   1  x A 
L i
; 1  y A i Lo 
1  y A   1  y A 
i G

1  x AL 1  y Ai
ln ln
1  x Ai 1  y AG

1  y   1  y 

1  x   1  x  

1  y A  
 Lo
A AG
; 1  x  
AL

1  x AL
A

1  y A
A * Lo

ln ln
1  y AG 1  x A

k x k L k y
kx  ; kL  ; ky 
1  x A i Lo 1  x A i Lo 1  y A i Lo

1 1 m 1 1 1
  ;  
Ky k y k x Kx m k y k x

k x / 1  x A i Lo y AG  y Ai k x y AG  y Ai
  ;  
k y / 1  y A i Lo x AL  x Ai k y x AL  x Ai
6

DESIGN OF A TOWER IN TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS

x2 y x y
Operation Equqtion for DASB ; L  V  1  L 1  V  2
1 x2 1 y1 1 x1 1 y2

Minimum Liquid Flow in a Tower ;


x2 y x1 max y

Lmin  V  1  Lmin
 V  2
1 x2 1 y1 1 x1 max 1 y2

Calculation of a Tower Height


y2 x2 y2
Vdy Ldx Vdy
DASB ; z   k y a S
  k x a S
  Ky a
y1
1  yy  y  x1 1  x x i  x  y1 S(1  y)(y  y * )
1  yi Lo 1  x i Lo (1  y) *Lo

y x y x
V 1 dy L 1 dx V 1 dy L 1 dx
ECD ; z        
S y k y a y  y i  S x k x a x  x i  S y K y a y  y  S x K x a x  x i  
2 2 2 2

Tower Height Using Transfer Units

1  y i Lo dy
y2 x2
1  xi Lo dx
DASB ; z  H G N G  H G  ; z  HL NL  HL 
y
1  y  y  yi 
1 x1
1  xxi  x

y1 x1
dy dx
ECD ; z  HG NG  HG  ; z  HL NL  HL  x i  x 
y
y  y i 
2 x2

y1
1  y*Lo dy
DASB ; z  H OG N OG  H OG 
y2 1  yy  y  

x1
1  x *Lo dx
DASB ; z  H OL N OL  H OL 
x2 1  x x   x 
y1
dy
ECD ; z  H OG N OG  H OG 
y2 y  y* 
x1
dx
ECD ; z  H OL N OL  H OL 
x2 x 
x 
7

V V V
HG   
k y a S k y a 1  y i Lo S k G a P1  y i Lo S

L L L
HL   
k x a S k x a 1  x i Lo S k L a c1  x i Lo S

V V V
H OG   
K y a S K y a 1  y Lo S K G a P1  y Lo S

L L L
H OL   
K x a S K x a 1  x  Lo S K L a c1  x Lo S

1  yi Lo mV 1  x i Lo
H OG  H G  HL
1  yLo L 1  yLo

1  x i Lo L 1  yi Lo
H OL  H L  HG
1  x Lo mV 1  x Lo

V 1  y i Lo dy 1  yi Lo dy
y1 1 y
z  k y a S 1  yy  y i  G  1  yy  yi 
 H
y2 y 2

L1  x i Lo dx 1  x i Lo dx
x1 1 x
z   HL 
k  a S1  x x i  x 
x x x
1  x x i  x 
2 2

V1  y Lo dy 1  yLo dy


y1 y1
z  
a S1  y  y  y    H OG  1  yy  y 
y 2 K y y 2

L1  x Lo dx 1  x Lo dx


x1 x1
z  K 
a S1  x  x   x   H OL 
1  x x   x 
x2 x x2

 G  0.5
H G   G y G x N Sc
0.5
; H L    x  N Sc
 L 
8

Kremser Equations

 x 0  (y N 1 /m ) 
log  (1  A)  A
 x N  (y N 1 /m) 
For Desorption ; N
log (1/A)

x0  xN
A=1 için N
x N  (y N 1 /m)

 y  mx 0  1  1 
log  N 1 1    
 y 1  mx 0  A  A 
For Absorption ; N
log A

y N 1  y1
A=1 için N
y1  mx 0

L
A
mV
9

Mass Transfer in Flow Parallel to Flat Plates

For Gases;

NRe<15000 JD=0.664NRe-0.5

k c L
NSh   0.664NRe0.5NSc1/ 3
D AB

15000<NRe<300000 JD=0.036NRe-0.2

For Liquids;

600<NRe<50000 JD=0.99NRe-0.5

Mass Transfer for Flow Past Single Sphere

For Gases;

0.6<NSc<2.7 and 1<NRe<48000

NSh= 2+0.552NRe0.53NSc1/3

For Liquids:

2<NRe<2000

NSh=2+0.95NRe0.5NSc1/3

2000<NRe<17000

NSh=0.347NRe0.62NSc1/3

Flow Past Single Cylinders

For Gases;

400<NRe<25000 and 0.6<NSc<2.6

NSh=0.281NRe0.6NSc0.44

For Liquids;

750<NRe<12000 and 1000<Nsc<3000

JD=0.281NRe-0.44

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