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The document summarizes the key differences between DNS and WINS servers, disk mirroring and disk duplexing, types of backups, differential and incremental backups, DHCP functionality, hubs and switches, and available storage space using RAID 5 with 3 disks of varying capacities. DNS resolves hostnames to IP addresses across Windows and Unix, while WINS only works with Windows. Disk mirroring uses one controller while duplexing uses two for fault tolerance. There are 5 types of backups. Differential backups don't reset archive bits while incremental backups do. DHCP uses broadcast messages to dynamically assign IP addresses. Hubs are layer 1 while switches are layer 2, with switches learning MAC addresses to reduce broadcasts. With the given disk capacities,

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39 views2 pages

Interview Questions

The document summarizes the key differences between DNS and WINS servers, disk mirroring and disk duplexing, types of backups, differential and incremental backups, DHCP functionality, hubs and switches, and available storage space using RAID 5 with 3 disks of varying capacities. DNS resolves hostnames to IP addresses across Windows and Unix, while WINS only works with Windows. Disk mirroring uses one controller while duplexing uses two for fault tolerance. There are 5 types of backups. Differential backups don't reset archive bits while incremental backups do. DHCP uses broadcast messages to dynamically assign IP addresses. Hubs are layer 1 while switches are layer 2, with switches learning MAC addresses to reduce broadcasts. With the given disk capacities,

Uploaded by

srinivasgarikapati
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Tvisha Technologies Pvt Ltd Interview Questions on 16-01-2005

1. What is the Difference Between DNS & WINS Servers?

Domain Name System (DNS) :


1. It resolves Hostnames to IP addresses and vice versa
2. It supports Hierarchical Structure for host names
3. Host name up to 64 Characters (FQDN is up to 255 characters)
4. It works with Windows and Unix
5. DNS works with only TCP/IP protocol
6. DNS is static in NT 4.0 and Dynamic in 2000 onwards

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) :


1. It resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses and vice versa
2. It supports Flat structure for NetBIOS names
3. Host name is up to 15 characters (16th character indicates service)
4. Works with only Windows
5. Works with only TCP/IP Protocol
6. It supports the Dynamic updation of the database

2. What is the Difference Between Disk Duplexing & Disk Mirroring?

Disk Mirroring :Disk mirroring uses only one disk controller. In RAID1, or
disk mirroring, one drive in the array acts as a "mirror" drive, backing up all
the data on the primary drive on-the-fly.

Disk Duplexing : It uses additional disk controller. Duplexing adds another


disk controller. So in case one controller fails, the other can pick up without
any interruption in service.

 Mirroring Data is copied from on-disk controller (channel) to two disk drivers. If
one drive fails, the other is still operational.
 Duplexing Data is duplicated over two disk channels and stored on two drives.
This method extends fault tolerance to the controller.
 Server duplexing This method provides fault tolerance by duplicating the entire
file server. If one server fails, the other provides continuous service to users. For
example, Novell's System Fault Tolerance provides server duplexing.
 Replication A strategy of duplicating critical files and directories from a server at
one location to a server at another location to make that information more accessible
to users at the remote location and also to provide redundancy and backup. See
"Redundancy" and "Replication."
 Clustering A cluster is a group of servers that share access to the same resources
and service clients equally. Should one of the servers go down, the others take up
the processing load. Clustered servers may access the same disk systems, which
may be mirrored or in a RAID configuration. See "Clustering."
 Mirror site A mirror site is a duplicate data center, located at another site, that
contains duplicate systems and data. The duplicate data center should go into
operation as the primary site if the master data center site fails for any reason.
Companies running mission-critical applications will often create mirrored sites. See
"Data Center Design."
3. How many types of Backups are available?

Backups are 5 Types:


1. Normal or Full
2. Daily
3. Copy
4. Incremental
5. Differential

4. What is the Difference Between Differential Backup & Incremental Backup?

Incremental Backup resets the Archieve bits

Differential Backup doesn’t reset the Archieve bits

5. Tell about the DHCP functionality?

 DHCP client sends special broadcast packet to DHCP Discover Message


 Nearest DHCP server responds by sending DHCP offer message
 DHCP client sends a DHCP request message
 DHCP ACK message broadcasts by DHCP server
 DHCP client configures its TCP/IP stack by using address it accepted from the server.

6. Difference between Hub & Switch?


HUB:
 Hub is a Layer 1 (L1) Device
 It works on shared Bandwidth
 It have One Broadcast domain & One collision domain
 It sends the packets to every active port in the HUB, so traffic is more.
 Useful in small network Environment

Switch:
 It is a Layer 2 (L2) Device.
 It have one Broadcast domain.
 It have many collision domains (Every port have its own collision domain)
 It sends the packets to only to the destination IP by learning the Destination IP. So
traffic is less compared to Hub.
 Useful in Medium & Large networks.

7. We have 3 Hard disks with capacity of 2GB, 5GB and 4GB. If I implemented RAID
5, How much space available for User ?

RAID5 takes the minimum disk space as basic so it takes 2GB from every disk so 6GB is
total disk available. In that 2GB is for Parity. So totally 4GB is available for User.

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