Answer on Question #64136 – Math – Geometry

Question

2. A right triangle has hypotenuse of length 13 and one leg of length 5. Find the
dimensions of the rectangle of largest areas which has one side along the hypotenuse
and the ends of the opposite side on the legs of this triangle.

Solution

𝐴𝐵 = 13, 𝐴𝐶 = 12, 𝐵𝐶 = √𝐴𝐵2 − 𝐴𝐶 2 = √132 − 122 = 5,

𝑀𝑁𝐾𝑃 is rectangle, 𝑀𝑁 = 𝐾𝑃 = 𝑦, 𝑁𝐾 = 𝑀𝑃 = 𝑥.

The rectangle creates three small triangles inside the big

triangle. These are all similar to the big triangle by Angle-
Angle similarity.
𝐶𝑃 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝑃 𝐴𝐵
= , = , hence
𝑀𝑃 𝐴𝐵 𝐾𝑃 𝐴𝐶
𝐶𝑃 5 𝐵𝑃 13
= , = .
𝑥 13 𝑦 12
Therefore
5𝑥 13𝑦 12 5𝑥
𝐵𝐶 = 5 = 𝐶𝑃 + 𝐵𝑃 = + => 𝑦 = (5 − ) =>
13 12 13 13
780 − 60𝑥
𝑦= .
169
Then the area of the rectangle is
780𝑥 − 60𝑥 2
𝐴𝑟 = 𝑥𝑦 = .
169
Find the first derivative
′
′
780𝑥 − 60𝑥 2 780 − 120𝑥
𝐴𝑟 = ( ) = .
169 169
780 − 120𝑥 780
𝐴′𝑟 = 0 => = 0 => 𝑥 = => 𝑥 = 6.5.
169 120
Find the second derivative
′′
780 − 120𝑥 ′ −120
𝐴𝑟 = ( ) = < 0 => maximum is attained at 𝑥 = 6.5.
169 169
780 − 60 ∙ 6.5 30
𝑦= = .
169 13
30
Answer: 6.5× .
13
Question

3. A closed box with a square base is to have a volume of 2000 cu. Inches. The material
for the top and bottom of the box is to cost $3 per square inch, and the material for the
sides is the cost $1.50 per square inch. If the cost of the material is to be the least, find
the dimensions of the box.
 Solution
Let Length=x and Height=y. Then
𝑉 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2000 (𝑖𝑛3 )
The cost of the material depends on the square of each side
𝐶 = 2𝑥 2 ∙ 3 + 4𝑥𝑦 ∙ 1.5
We have that
𝑉
𝑦 = 2.
𝑥
Then
𝑉 𝑉
𝐶(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 2 = 6𝑥 2 + 6 .
𝑥 𝑥
Minimize the cost
′ (𝑥) 2
𝑉 ′ 𝑉
𝐶 = (6𝑥 + 6 ) = 12𝑥 − 6 2
𝑥 𝑥
𝑉
𝐶 ′ (𝑥) = 0 => 12𝑥 − 6 2 = 0;
𝑥
𝑉
𝑥 3 − = 0, 𝑥 > 0;
2
3 𝑉 3 𝑉 3 𝑉2
(𝑥 − √ ) (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 √ + √ ) = 0;
2 2 4

3 𝑉 2 3 𝑉 3 𝑉2
𝑥 = √ , 𝑥 + 𝑥 √ + √ > 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
2 2 4
Find the second derivative
′′ (𝑥)
𝑉 ′ 𝑉
𝐶 = (12𝑥 − 6 2 ) = 12 + 12 3 ;
𝑥 𝑥
3 𝑉 𝑉 3 𝑉
𝐶 ′′ ( √ ) = 12 + 12 = 36 > 0 => minimum is attained at 𝑥 = √ .
2 𝑉 2
2
32000 𝑉 2000
𝑥=√ = 10 (𝑖𝑛. ), 𝑦 = 2 = = 20 (𝑖𝑛. ).
2 𝑥 102
Answer: 10 in., 20 in.
 Question

1. Find the dimensions of the largest circle that can be inscribed in a square of 12
inches.

Solution
Let the side of the square be equal 12 inches: 𝑎=12 in. Then the radius of the largest
circle that can be inscribed in a square
𝑎 12
𝑟= = = 6(𝑖𝑛. )
2 2
Answer: 6 in.
Question

1. A manufacturer makes aluminum cups of a given volume (16 in3) in the form
of right circular cylinders open at the top. Find the dimensions which use the
least material.

Solution
Let radius = R and altitude = H. Then
𝑉
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑅2 𝐻 = 16 (𝑖𝑛3 ) => 𝐻 =
𝜋𝑅2
The cost of the material depends on the total area
𝑉 𝑉
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑅2 + 2𝜋𝑅𝐻 = 𝜋𝑅2 + 2𝜋𝑅 2 = 𝜋𝑅2 + 2 = 𝐴(𝑅).
𝜋𝑅 𝑅
Minimize the total area
′ (𝑅) 2
𝑉 ′ 𝑉
𝐴 = (𝜋𝑅 + 2 ) = 2𝜋𝑅 − 2 2 .
𝑅 𝑅
𝑉
𝐴′ (𝑅) = 0 => 2𝜋𝑅 − 2 2 = 0;
𝑅
𝑉
𝑅3 = ;
𝜋
3 𝑉 3 𝑉 3 𝑉2
(𝑅 − √ ) (𝑅 2
+ 𝑅 √ + √ ) = 0;
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2
 3 𝑉 3 𝑉 3 𝑉2
𝑅 = √ , 𝑅 + 𝑅 √ + √ 2 > 0, 𝑅 > 0.
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Find the second derivative:
′′ (𝑅)
𝑉 ′ 𝑉
𝐴 = (2𝜋𝑅 − 2 2 ) = 2𝜋 + 4 3
𝑅 𝑅
3 𝑉 𝑉
𝐴′′ ( √ ) = 2𝜋 + 4 3 = 2𝜋 + 4𝜋 > 0 =>
𝜋 3 𝑉
( √𝜋 )

3 𝑉
minimum is attained at 𝑅 = √ .
𝜋
3 𝑉 3 16 3 2
𝑅 = √ = √ = 2 √ ≈ 1.72 (𝑖𝑛. ),
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
3 𝑉
𝑉 𝑉𝑅 𝑉√ 3 𝑉 3 16 3 2
𝜋
𝐻= = = =√ =√ = 2√ ≈ 1.72(𝑖𝑛. ).
𝜋𝑅 2 𝜋𝑅 3 𝑉 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
3 16
Answer: 𝑅 = 𝐻 = √ in.
𝜋
Question

2. Find the dimensions of the right circular cylinder of maximum volume which can
be inscribed in a right circular cone of altitude 10 and radius 12.

Solution
We have that
𝐻 = 10, 𝑅 = 12.
∆𝑆𝑂𝑀 is similar to ∆𝑆𝑃𝑁 by Angle-Angle similarity. Then
𝑂𝑆 𝑂𝑀 𝐻 𝑅 𝑟𝐻 𝑟𝐻
= => = => 𝐻 − ℎ = => ℎ = 𝐻 − =>
𝑆𝑃 𝑁𝑃 𝐻−ℎ 𝑟 𝑅 𝑅
𝑅−𝑟 𝑟
=> ℎ = 𝐻 = 𝐻 (1 − ).
𝑅 𝑅
The volume of the cylinder is
2 2
𝑟 2
𝑟3
𝑉𝑐𝑦𝑙 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ = 𝜋𝑟 𝐻 (1 − ) = 𝜋𝐻 (𝑟 − ) = 𝑉(𝑟).
𝑅 𝑅
Maximize the volume
′
′ (𝑟) 2
𝑟3 3𝑟 2
𝑉 = (𝜋𝐻 (𝑟 − )) = 𝜋𝐻 (2𝑟 − ).
𝑅 𝑅
′ (𝑟)
3𝑟 2
𝑉 = 0 => 𝜋𝐻 (2𝑟 − ) = 0;
𝑅
2
𝑟 = 0 or 𝑟 = 𝑅.
3
Find the second derivative
′
′′ (𝑟)
3𝑟 2 6𝑟
𝑉 = (𝜋𝐻 (2𝑟 − )) = 𝜋𝐻 (2 − ) ;
𝑅 𝑅
2𝑅
2𝑅 6∙ 2
𝑉 ′′ ( ) = 𝜋𝐻 (2 − 3
) = −4𝜋𝐻 < 0 => maximum is attained at 𝑟 = 3 𝑅, hence
3 𝑅
𝑟 2
= .
𝑅 3
𝑉 ′′ (0) = 𝜋𝐻 > 0.
2 2 𝑟 2 1 1 10
𝑟 = 𝑅 = ∙ 12 = 8, ℎ = 𝐻 (1 − ) = 𝐻 (1 − ) = 𝐻 = ∙ 10 = .
3 3 𝑅 3 3 3 3
10
Answer: 𝑟 = 8, ℎ = .
3

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