Papakicheminstryqnans PDF
Papakicheminstryqnans PDF
Papakicheminstryqnans PDF
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Answer: (i) Molecular mass of H2O = 2(1.008 amu) + 16.00 amu=18.016 amu
(ii) Molecular mass of CO2= 12.01 amu + 2 x 16.00 amu = 44.01 amu
(iii) Molecular mass of CH4= 12.01 amu + 4 (1.008 amu) = 16.042 amu
Question 2. Calculate the mass percent of different elements present in sodium sulphate
(Na2 SO4).
Answer:
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Question 3. Determine the empirical formula of an oxide of Iron which has 69.9 % iron
and 30.1 % dioxygen by mass.
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Answer:
Question 4. Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when
(i) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air.
(ii) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(iii) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
Answer: The balanced equation for the combustion of carbon in dioxygen/air is
(i) In air, combustion is complete. Therefore,C02 produced from the combustion of 1 mole of
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carbon = 44 g.(ii) As only 16 g of dioxygen is available, it can combine only with 0.5 mole of
carbon, i.e., dioxygen is the limiting reactant. Hence,C02 produced = 22 g.(iii) Here again,
dioxygen is the limiting reactant. 16 g of dioxygen can combine only with 0.5 mole of
carbon.C02 produced again is equal to 22 g.
Question 5. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to make 500
mL of 0.375 molar aqueous solution. Molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.0245 g mol-1
Answer: 0.375 M aqueous solution means that 1000 mL of the solution contain sodium
acetate = 0.375 mole
Question 6. Calculate the concentration of nitric acid in moles per litre in a sample
which has a density 1.41 g mL-1 and the mass percent of nitric acid in it is being 69%.
Answer: Mass percent of 69% means that 100 g of nitric acid solution contain 69 g of nitric
acid by mass.
Molar mass of nitric acid HNO3= 1 + 14 + 48 = 63 gmol-1
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Question 7. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4 )?
(Atomic mass of Cu= 63.5 amu)
Answer: 1 mole of CuS04 contains 1 mole (1 g atom) of Cu
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Question 8. Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass
percent of iron and oxygen are 69.9 and 30.1 respectively. Given that the molar mass of
the oxide is 159.8 g mol-1(Atomic mass: Fe = 55.85, O = 16.00 amu)Calculation of
Empirical Formula. See Q3.
Question 9.Calculate the atomic mass (average) of chlorine using the following data:
Answer:
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Question 11. What is the concentration of sugar (C12H22O11) in mol L -1 if its 20 g are
dissolved in enough water to make a final volume up to 2 L?
Answer:
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Question 12. If the density of methanol is 0.793 kg L -1, what is its volume needed for
making 2.5 L of its 0.25 M solution?
Answer:
Question 13. Pressure is determined as force per unit area of the surface. The S.I. unit
of pressure, pascal, is as shown below:1 Pa = 1 Nm-2.If mass of air at sea level is 1034
g cm-2,calculate the pressure in pascal.
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Answer: Pressure is the force (i.e., weight) acting per unit area But weight = mg
Answer:
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Question 16. What do you mean by significant figures?
Answer: The digits in a properly recorded measurement are known as significant figures. It
is also defined as follows. The total numbers of figures in a number including the last digit
whose value is uncertain is called number of significant figures.
Question 17. A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with
chloroform, CHCly supposed to be carcinogenic in nature. The level of contamination
was 15 ppm (by mass).
(i) Express this in percent by mass
(ii) Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.
Answer:
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Question 19. How many significant figures are present in the following?
(i) 0.0025 (ii) 208 (iii) 5005 (iv) 126,000
(v) 500.0 (vi) 2.0034
Answer: (i) 2 (ii) 3 (iii) 4 (iv) 3 (v) 4 (vi) 5.
Question 21. The following data were obtained when dinitrogen and dioxygen react
together to form compounds:
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Answer: (a) Fixing the mass of dinitrogen as 28 g, masses of dioxygen combined will be
32,64, 32 and 80 g in the given four oxides. These’are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 1 : 5 which is a
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simple whole number ratio. Hence, the given data obey the law of multiple proportions.
Question 22.
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Answer:
Question 23. In the reaction, A + B2——> AB2, identify the limiting reagent, if any, in
the following mixtures
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules ofB
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B
(iii) 100 atoms of A + 100 molecules ofB
(iv) 5 mol A + 2.5 mol B
(v) 2.5 mol A + 5 mol B
Answer: (i) According to the given reaction, 1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of B
.•. 200 molecules of B will react with 200 atoms of A and 100 atoms of A will be
left unreacted. Hence, B is the limiting reagent while A is the excess reagent.
(ii) According to the given reaction, 1 mol of A reacts with 1 mol of B
.•. 2 mol of A will react with 2 mol of B. Hence, A is the limiting reactant.
(iii) No limiting reagent.
(iv) 2.5 mol of B will react with 2.5 mol of A. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.
(v) 2.5 mol of A will react with 2.5 mol of B. Hence, A is the limiting reagent.
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Question 24. Dinitrogen and dihydrogen react with each other to produce ammonia
according to the following chemical equation:(i) N2 (g) + 3H2(g) —–> 2NH3 (g)
(ii) Will any of the two reactants remain unreacted?
(iii) If yes, which one and what would be its mass?
Answer:
Question 25. How are 0.50 mol Na2C03 and 0.50 M Na2C03 different?
Answer: Molar mass of Na2C03= 2 x 23 + 12 + 3 x 16 = 106g mol-1 0.50 mol Na2C03 means
0.50 x 105 g = 53 g 0. 50 M Na2C03 means 0.50 mol, i.e., 53 g Na2C03 are present in 1 litre
of the solution.
Question 26. If ten volumes of dihydrogen gas reacts with five volumes of dioxygen gas,
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how many volumes of water vapour could be produced?
Answer: H2 and 02 react according to the equation
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Question 28. Which one of the following will have largest number of atoms?
(i) 1 g Au (s) (ii) 1 g Na (s) (iii) 1 g Li (s) (iv) 1 g of Cl2(g) (Atomic masses: Au = 197, Na =
23, Li = 7, Cl = 35.5 amu)
Answer:
Question 29. Calculate the molarity of a solution of ethanol in water in which the mole
fraction of ethanol is 0.040.
Answer:
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Question 30.
Answer:
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Question 31. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the
following?
Answer: (i) The least precise term has 3 significant figures (i.e., in 0.112). Hence, the
answer should have 3 significant figures.
(ii) Leaving the exact number (5), the second term has 4 significant figures. Hence, the
answer should have 4 significant figures.
(iii) In the given addition, the least number of decimal places in the term is 4. Hence, the
answer should have 4 significant.
Question 32. Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of
naturally occurring argon.
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Question 33. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following:
(i) 52 moles of He (ii) 52 u of He (iii) 52 g of He
Answer:
Question 34. A welding fuel gas contains carbon and hydrogen only. Burning a small
sample of it in oxygen gives 3.38 g carbon dioxide, 0.690 g of water and no other
products. A volume of 10.0 L (measured at S.T.P.) of this welding gas is found to weigh
11.6 g. Calculate (i) empirical formula, (ii) molar mass of the gas, and (iii) molecular
formula.
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Answer:
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Question 35. Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl according to the reaction
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2 mol of HCl, i.e., 2 x 36.5 g = 73 g HCl react completely with CaC03 = 1 mol = 100 g
How many grams of HCl react with 5.0 g of manganese dioxide? (Atomic mass of Mn =
55 u)
Answer: 1 mole of Mn02, i.e., 55 + 32 = 87 g Mn02 react with 4 moles of HCl, i.e., 4 x 36.5 g
= 146 g of HCl.
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Question 2. What do you understand by stoichiometric coefficients in a chemical
equation?
Answer: The coefficients of reactant and product involved in a chemical equation
represented by the balanced form, are known as stoichiometric coefficients.
For example, N2(g) + 3H2(g) ———–> 2 NH3(g)
The stoichiometric coefficients are 1, 3 and 2 respectively.
Question 3. Give an example of a molecule in which the ratio of the molecular formula
is six times the empirical formula.
Answer: The compound is glucose. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6, while empirical
formula is CH2O.
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Question 10. Name two factors that introduce uncertainty into measured figures.
Answer: (i) Reliability of measuring instrument.
(ii) Skill of the person making the measurement.
Question 12. How are 0.5 ml of NaOH differents from 0.5 M of NaOH?
Answer: 0.5 ml of NaOH means 0.5 mole (20.0 g) of NaOH, 0.5M of NaOH means that 0.5
mole (20.0g) of NaOH are dissolved in 1L of its solution.
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Question 14. What is the number of significant figures in 1.050 x 104?
Answer: Four.
Answer:
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Question 5. A compound on analysis was found to contain C = 34.6%, H = 3.85% and O
= 61.55%. Calculate the empirical formula.
Answer: Step I. Calculation of simplest whole number ratios of the elements.
The simplest whole number ratios of the different elements are: C:H:O::3:4:4
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Question 6.Calculate:
(a) Mass of 2.5 gram atoms of magnesium,
(b) Gram atom in 1.4 grams of nitrogen (Atomic mass Mg = 24, N = 14)
Answer: (a) 1 gram atom of Mg = 24g
2.5 gram atoms of Mg = 24 x 2.5 = 60g
(b) 1 gram atom of N = 14g;
14g of N = 1 gram atom 1
1.4g of N = 1/14 x 1.4 = 0.1 gram atom.
Question 7. The density of water at room temperature is 1.0 g/mL. How many molecules
are there in a drop of water if its volume is 0.05 mL?
Answer:
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Question 8.What is the molecular mass of a substance each molecule of which contains 9
atoms of carbon, 13 atoms of hydrogen and 2.33 x 10-23 g other component?
Answer:
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Question 2. KCl03 on heating decomposes to give KCl and 02. What is the volume of 02 at
N.T.P liberated by 0.1 mole of KCl03?
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Question 3. 10 ml of a solution of NaCl containing KCl gave on evaporation 0.93 g of the
mixed salt which gave 1.865 g of AgCl by reacting with AgN03solution. Calculate the
quantity of NaCl in 10 mL of the solution.
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Question 4. The cost of table salt (NaCl) and table sugar (C12H22O11) are Rs 1 per kg and
Rs 6 per kg respectively.Calculate their cost per mole.
Answer: (a) Cost of table salt (NaCl) per mole
Gram molecular mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g Now, 1000 g of NaCl cost = Rs 2
Question 5. A flask P contains 0.5 mole of oxygen gas. Another flask Q contains 0.4 mole
of ozone gas. Which of the two flasks contains greater number of oxygen atoms?
Answer: 1 molecule of oxygen (O2) = 2 atoms of oxygen
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Question 7. The vapour density of a mixture of N02 and N204is 38.3 at 27°C. Calculate
the number of moles of N02 in 100 g of the mixture.
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Answer:
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Question 8. The Vapour Density of a gaseous element is 5 times that of oxygen under
similar conditions. If the molecule is triatomic, what will be its atomic mass?
Answer: Molecular mass of oxygen = 32 u
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Prepared by Mr. A. Moorthy,
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