Name: MALVECINO, CAMILLE S.

Date: February 6, 2019

Course/Section: FT 1201 Score:

Time Period Inventions/Contributions Effect of Contribution

 Thales of Miletus  A solar eclipse is a super-charged
New Moon. It occurs when the
Solar Occurrence Eclipse Moon passes directly between the
Earth and the Sun to create a
“Moon sandwich” effect.

 Archimedes (Engineer)  Fluids have a wide range of uses. It

can be lubricants, solvents, or
Fluids coolants.

Ancient Greece  Erastosthenes

Earth’s breadth and width

 Ctesibius  Clock helps us to know what the

actual time.
Clocks
 Alexandria  Book is a tool for us to have
knowledge. It contains information
Most precious books
and facts. Nowadays, we are still
using books as references.
 Chinese  Chinese are very intelligent for their
inventions. Gunpowder is used in
(600 BC to 1700 AD)

Gunpowder fireworks during important

Fireworks celebrations in China. Firework was
Ancient Age

made for a good display during

Rockets
night. Guns are used to defend
Metals oneself. Lastly, seismograph is
Guns used to detect and record
earthquakes while compass is used
First seismograph and to navigate directions.
compass
Asia
 Chinese astronomers
Observe the passage of
superova


 Indians Indians used spinning wheel for
spinning thread from natural or
Spinning wheel synthetic fibres. They also
Arabic Number System contribute the “Arabic Number
System” to represent numbers.
 Caliph  Caliph made the House of Wisdom
to have a great library and serves
House of Wisdom as the center of research.

 Alhazen
Golden Age of
Wrote a book about optics
Islam

 Al-Razi Soap was formulated to maintain
the personal hygiene. Al-Razi was
Soap able to made distinctions between
Distinctions between small pox small pox and measles for them to
 and measles have enough knowledge and to
know its cure.

 Al-Khwarizmi  Al-Khwarizmi introduced algebra

and algorithms to appreciate the
Algebra
use of mathematics in our life.
Algorithms

 Al-Jazari (Engineer)
First to use rod systems (cars)

 Arab Chemists  Alkali and alcohol were formulated

Alkali to contribute in the field of organic
chemistry.
Alcohol
 Nicolaus Copernicus (doctor from  Copernican Model had a great
impact on succeeding men of
Poland) science, including Johannes Kepler.
Sun as the center of solar
system
Copernican Model

 His observation regarding the

 Johannes Kepler (German elliptical orbits of Mars helps the
astrologer) society to have an idea about the
Elliptical orbits of Mars planet.


 Galileo Galilei (Italian) Cosmology made them understand
that there are four moons around
Cosmology the planet Jupiter.

 Pendulum was built as a keeper of

 Christian Huygens (Dutchman) time.
First pendulum clock (1657)
Dangers of the
 Made a pitch for the use of scientific
Times  Francis Bacon (European) method and thus laid strong
foundation for a modern science.
English Philosopher

 Air pump was invented for pushing

 Robert Boyle air.
Air pump

 Isaac Newton (English Physicist)

Theories of light travel

 Ole Romer (Danish Astronomer)

Calculations on the
approximate speed of light

 Nicolas Steno (Bishop)  With anatomy and geology, he was

able to study the layers of rock.
Anatomy and Geology Rocks are also used to build
infrastractures.
 Robert Hooke
Structure of small insects, such
as fleas and bugs

 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek  Microscopes help Leeuwenhoek to

find small life forms in conducting
(Dutchman) his research. He also discovered
Age of Micro-
Microscopes bacteria whose whole purpose in
beings life is to replicate.
Bacteria


 Jan Swammerdam The development of an insect were
not separate animals but were just
Different stages of an insect one and the same and just
undergoing a process.
  John Ray (Englishman biologist)  The collection of plant species
considered the first attempt to
Collection of plant species systematize the classification of
living hings.
 Modern Scientific Disciplines  These scientific disciplines help
them to find new discoveries as
Astronomy they have its own purpose.
Chemistry Astronomy is for celestial objects;
Chemistry is for elements and
Physics
compounds; Physics for the studies
Dawn of Biology of motion; Biology for the study of
Mathematical life.
Analysis  Newton
 Newton’s law of motion and gravity
Law of motion and gravity anchored knowledge of the physical
Philosophiae Principia world.
 It laid to rest doubts over laws of
Mathematical
motion and gravity

Time Period Inventions/Contributions Effect of Contribution

 Stephen Hales (Englishman)  Root pressure was made for rising
sap within plants. His invention of
Root pressure trough helps for collecting gases
Trough and dissecting air composition.


 Daniel Bernailli (Swiss Bernoulli principle stated that the
pressure of fluid falls when it is
mathematician) moving. This principle helps him to
Bernoulli principle keep tabs on blood pressure as well
as for flying an aircraft.

 Joseph Black (Scottish chemist)

Thesis about calcium carbonate
degeneration and the extraction
of carbon dioxide.


Expansion of  Henry Cavendish (England) His contribution made us
understand that water was
Scientific Horizons Water was made by Hydrogen composed of two hydrogen atoms
and Oxygen and one oxygen atom. Water is a
necessity for us to survive. It helps
us to keep hydrated as well.
(1700 to 1900)


Middle Age

Jan Ingenhousz (Dutchman)

Green plants emitted oxygen
under the sun and carbon dioxide
in the dark

 Antoine Lavoiser (France)  Elements could burn by combing

with oxygen to form oxides.
Carbon and phosphorus

 Joseph Proust (French chemist)

Chemical elements merged in
exact shares
 Benjamin Franklin (America)  Showing how big-scale ocean
currents are help him to answer his
Big-scale ocean currents inquiries about the Gulf Stream.

 George Hadley (English amateur  This idea of trade winds in relation

Field of Earth meteorologist) to the rotation of the globe was key
to know about the Coriolis effect.
Sciences Impact of trade winds in relation
to the rotation of the globe

 Nevil Maskelyne  Density is a key concept that links

the mass of an object to the amount
Density of the earth of space it occupies. With this, Nevil
Maskelyne took measurements of
 the gravitational pull of mountain in
Scotland.

 James Hutton  He made a conclusion that Earth

was little bit older. He helped us to
Earth was a little bit older know more about the age of the
Earth.
 Georges-Louis Leclerc (French  His contribution, the theory of
evolution was a milestone of
naturalist and mathematician) science because he thought about
Theory of evolution the Earth and life in ways that few
had before.

 Christian Sprengel (German  He made us understand that

bisexual flowers didn’t have the
Theologian) ability to fertilize themselves.
Relationship between plants
and insects

 Thomas Maltus (Englishman)

Demography
Principle of Population

 Volta’s invention of electric battery

 Allesandro Volta (Italian physicist
helped them to advance the spread
Electric battery of technology in the coming
decades.
Basis of Life
 William Whewell (English  Whewell was able to name the
scientist who refers to a man of
philosopher) science. Thus, we are able to put
Man of science: the scientist label to that kind of man.


 Danish Hans Christian Orsted As he established the connection
between electricity and magnetism,
Connection between electricity it created an impact to the field of
and magnetism sciences. With electricity, gadgets
and appliances will work.

 Faraday’s first electric motor served

 Michael Faraday as a starter pack in the field of
First electric motor transportation. This invention of
electric motor made the people lives
a bit easier.

 James Clerk Maxwell (Scottish)  He was able to solve the complex

problems and do some calculations
Mathematics of regarding the mathematics being
electromagnetism linked with electromagnetism.

 William Herschel (German  Infrared radiation proved that there

was more than meets the eye in the
astronomer) spectrum aside from visible light.
Infrared radiation
 X-rays are useful in detecting
 William Rontgen abnormalities within the body. His
X-rays (Germany) invention also helps the doctor to
view what’s inside our body.

 Thomas Young (British physician)

Argument of whether light was
Invisibility Matters wave or a particle by discovering
wavelike

 Christian Doppler (Austrian  The Doppler’s effect helped to

expound the color of binary stars.
physicist)
“Doppler effect”


 Hippolyte Fizeau & Leon The speed of light boils down to the
conclusion that light travels faster in
Foucault (French physicists) air than in water. This gave as an
idea about the light.
 Speed of light
 John Dalton (British  The use of atomic weights helps us
to determine the mass of each
meteorologist) element.
Use of atomic weights for
veteran chemist

 Jons Jakob Berzelius (Swedish)  The list of atomic weights is

fundamental to chemistry. It helps
List of atomic weights us to count the atoms involved in a
reaction.
 Louis Pasteur (France)
Chemical
Reactions  August Kekule (German)  A benzene is widely used industrial
Benzene molecule chemical. It is found in crude oil and
a major part of a gasoline. It is also
used to make plastics.

 Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian)  Periodic table is very essential to

Periodic table of elements students as well as to the chemists
who wants to study and know about
the elements that we have.

 Marie Curie
Separate polonium from radium
 Mary Anning (England)
Collection of fossils of extinct
animals

 Richard Owen (English biologist)  Richard Owen used the word

dinosaurs to describe the “terrible
Word “dinosaurs” lizards”.

 Louis Agassiz (Switzerland)

Big parts of planet were once
covered with impregnable ice

 Alexander van Humboldt  He was able to uncover the

connections inherent in nature.
Study of ecology
Ecology is a study about the
interactions among organisms and
their environment. Ecology help us
to investigate the relationship
between plants, animals, and their
environment.

Relics from the  Alfred Russel Wallace and  They stated that organisms have
Past Charles Darwin (British naturalist) the ability to adapt to their
environment and would gradually
Evolution by natural selection change into something that would
be more competitive to survive, this
process in known as evolution.

 Thomas Henry Huxley

Darwin’s follower
Birds have evolved from
dinosaurs

 Gregor Mendel (German-  Genetics is the study of heredity

speaking friar from Silesia) and the variation of inherited
characteristics. Thus, it helps us to
Genetics trace our genes.

 Lord Kelvin (British physicist)

“There is nothing new to be
discovered in physics now. All
that remains is more and more
precise measurement.
 Time Period Inventions/Contributions Effect of Contribution
 Max Planck  His discovery gave as a deeper
understanding about
Electromagnetism traveled in electromagnetism.
distinct packets
New-look Physics
 Albert Einstein  The special relativity satisfied the
belief that the speed of light was
General relativity always constant. Absolute time and
Absolute time and space space is a concept in physics about
the properties of universe.
 Joseph John Thompson (English  Thompson’s discovery about
electron gave us an idea that
physicist in Cambridge) electron is a tiny particle of matter
Electron that is smaller than an atom and
has a negative charge.

 Erwin Schrodinger (Austrian)

Array of equations that
described the probability of
Wave-particle finding a particle in specific place
Dilemma and state
 Werner Heisenberg (German)  His illustration denotes that there
was a probable uncertainty to the
Structure of the universe values of place and momentum.
The structure of the universe
contains celestial bodies such as
planets, stars and galaxies, Thus, it
help us to undersatand that the
structure of the universe is not just
simple but complex.
 Ernest Rutherford (New Zealand)  Atoms are the basic units of matter.
They are made up three particles:
Atom
(1900 to present)

protons, neutrons and electrons.

Thus, it is also linked in chemical
Modern Age

elements.

 Linus Pauling (Chemist)

Took advantage of the picture
Harnessing the of an atom and was able to
Atom
explain how atoms bonded to
each other with the use of
quantum physics

 John Robert Oppenheimer  The Manhattan project is an

undertaking to produce the first
Manhattan Project nuclear weapons.
 Edwin Hubble (American  Nebulae is a giant cloud of dust and
gas in space. These nebulae were
astronomer) in reality, distant alaxies.
Nebulae

 Georges Lemaitre (Belgian priest  Big bang theory suggest that the
universe came into being from a
and physicist) “primeval atom”. This is a popular
New Concept of Big bang theory scientific theory that tells us that our
the Universe universe originated with what is
known as the Big Bang.

 Fritz Zwicky
 He invented the term “dark matter”
Dark matter
for us to know why Coma Galaxy
Cluster seemed to exude 400 times
as much mass as observed from its
gravitational pull.
 Harold Urey and Stanley Miller
(American chemists)
University of Chicago
Origin of Life Conducted experiment to know
whether life on earth started when
chemical reactions were sparked by
lightning.
  James Watson and Briton  With his contribution, he was able to
unlock the genetic code of life.
Francis Crick (American Thus, DNA helps us to store
molecular biologists) hereditary information within the
cells of living things.
Molecular structure of DNA

 Lynn Margulis (American

biologist)
Theory that organisms
absorbed each other and
continued with their existence,
resulting in the production of
complex cells of all multicellular
life forms.

 Michael Syvanen (American  As he illustrated the genes, it helps

microbiologist) us to know that genes are capable
of transferring from one species to
Illustration of genes another. At the same time, acquired
characteristics could also be
passed.

 Craig Venter (American)  By outlining its DNA on his

Artificial life computer he was able to create
artificial life.

 Ian Wilmut (Scotland)

Cloning of a sheep
 Richard Feynman (American)
Quantum interactions
happened in terms of exchange
of”virtual particles”

 Paul Dirac  The existence of this anti-matter

resulted in the arrangement of basic
Existence of anti-matter particles of nature.


 Sheldon Glashowv (American) The electroweak theory describes
both the electromagnetic force and
Electro-weak theory the weak force. This theory made
Nature of Particles us understand the comparison of
the strength of these two
fundamental interactions.

 Hugh Everett III (American

physicist)
Unique proposal that there
might be a mathematical basis for
concluding that there could be
the real existence of more than
one universe.
Transformative theory