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Isaac Newton: Navigation Search

Isaac Newton was an influential English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and natural philosopher. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time. Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation that dominated scientists' views of the physical universe for the next three centuries. He showed that the motions of objects on Earth and celestial bodies are governed by the same natural laws. Newton also invented calculus, formulated the binomial theorem, and made important discoveries in optics and color. A 2005 survey of Britain's Royal Society deemed Newton to have had a greater effect on the history of science and greater contribution to humankind than even Albert Einstein.

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57 views3 pages

Isaac Newton: Navigation Search

Isaac Newton was an influential English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and natural philosopher. He is considered one of the most influential scientists of all time. Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation that dominated scientists' views of the physical universe for the next three centuries. He showed that the motions of objects on Earth and celestial bodies are governed by the same natural laws. Newton also invented calculus, formulated the binomial theorem, and made important discoveries in optics and color. A 2005 survey of Britain's Royal Society deemed Newton to have had a greater effect on the history of science and greater contribution to humankind than even Albert Einstein.

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Isaac Newton

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Sir Isaac Newton

Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait of Isaac Newton (aged 46)

4 January 1643
[OS: 25 December 1642][1]
Born
Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth
Lincolnshire, England

31 March 1727 (aged 84)


Died [OS: 20 March 1726][1]

Kensington, Middlesex, England

Residence England

physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural


Fields
philosophy, alchemy, Christian theology
University of Cambridge
Institutions Royal Society
Royal Mint

Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge

Academic Isaac Barrow[2]


advisors Benjamin Pulleyn[3][4]

Roger Cotes
Notable students
William Whiston

Newtonian mechanics
Universal gravitation
Infinitesimal calculus
Known for Optics
Binomial series
Newton's method
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Henry More[5]
Influences
Polish Brethren[6]

Nicolas Fatio de Duillier


Influenced
John Keill

Signature

Notes
His mother was Hannah Ayscough. His half-niece was Catherine Barton.

Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March
1726])[1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist,
and theologian who is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one
of the most influential men in human history. His 1687 publication of the Philosophiæ Naturalis
Principia Mathematica (usually called the Principia) is considered to be among the most
influential books in the history of science, laying the groundwork for most of classical
mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion
which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton
showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set
of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and
his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the
scientific revolution.

Newton also built the first practical reflecting telescope[7] and developed a theory of colour based
on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the
visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the
differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem,
developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the
study of power series.

Newton remains uniquely influential to scientists, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of members


of Britain's Royal Society asking who had the greater effect on the history of science and had the
greater contribution to humankind, Newton or Albert Einstein. Royal Society scientists deemed
Newton to have made the greater overall contribution on both.[8]

Newton was also highly religious, though an unorthodox Christian, writing more on Biblical
hermeneutics and occult studies than the natural science for which he is remembered today. In
spite of this, The 100 by astrophysicist Michael H. Hart ranks Newton as the second most
influential person in history (below Muhammad and above Jesus).[9]

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