Scribd
Upload
64 views2 pages

Chi-Square Test: An Inferential Statistics Technique Designed To Test For

The chi-square test is used to determine if there is a relationship between two variables organized in a bivariate table. It calculates the difference between observed and expected frequencies to produce a chi-square statistic. The chi-square test has limitations in that it does not indicate the strength of a relationship or how well the data fits a hypothesis. It is sensitive to sample size and small expected cell frequencies. The chi-square test follows steps of stating hypotheses, selecting a test statistic, calculating that statistic, and making conclusions based on a chi-square distribution.

Uploaded by

Ser Iya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views2 pages

Chi-Square Test: An Inferential Statistics Technique Designed To Test For

The chi-square test is used to determine if there is a relationship between two variables organized in a bivariate table. It calculates the difference between observed and expected frequencies to produce a chi-square statistic. The chi-square test has limitations in that it does not indicate the strength of a relationship or how well the data fits a hypothesis. It is sensitive to sample size and small expected cell frequencies. The chi-square test follows steps of stating hypotheses, selecting a test statistic, calculating that statistic, and making conclusions based on a chi-square distribution.

Uploaded by

Ser Iya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Chi-Square as a Statistical Test

• Chi-square test: an inferential statistics technique designed to test for


significant relationships between two variables organized in a bivariate table.

Chi-square requires no assumptions about the shape of the population


distribution from which a sample is drawn.

The Chi Square Test


A statistical method used to determine goodness of fit

– Goodness of fit refers to how close the observed data are to those predicted
from a hypothesis
Note:

– The chi square test does not prove that a hypothesis is correct
• It evaluates to what extent the data and the hypothesis have a good fit

Limitations of the Chi-Square Test

• The chi-square test does not give us much information about the strength of
the relationship or its substantive significance in the population.

The chi-square test is sensitive to sample size. The size of the calculated
chi-square is directly proportional to the size of the sample, independent of
the strength of the relationship between the variables.

The chi-square test is also sensitive to small expected frequencies in one or


more of the cells in the table.

Statistical Independence

Independence (statistical): the absence of association between two cross-


tabulated variables. The percentage distributions of the dependent variable within
each category of the independent variable are identical.

Hypothesis Testing with Chi-Square


Chi-square follows five steps:
o Making assumptions (random sampling)
o Stating the research and null hypotheses
o Selecting the sampling distribution and specifying the test statistic
o Computing the test statistic
o Making a decision and interpreting the results

The Assumptions
• The chi-square test requires no assumptions about the shape of the population
distribution from which the sample was drawn.

The test statistic that summarizes the differences between the observed (fo) and
the expected (fe) frequencies in a bivariate table.

Calculating the Obtained Chi-Square

( fe  fo ) 2
 2

fe
The Sampling Distribution of Chi-Square
 The sampling distribution of chi-square tells the probability of getting
values of chi-square, assuming no relationship exists in the population.
 The chi-square sampling distributions depend on the degrees of freedom.
 The sampling distribution is not one distribution, but is a family of
distributions.

The Sampling Distribution of Chi-Square


The distributions are positively skewed. The research hypothesis for the chi-
square is always a one-tailed test.

Chi-square values are always positive. The minimum possible value is zero, with
no upper limit to its maximum value.

• As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the


more symmetrical.
distribution becomes

You might also like