A REPORT

ON
SUMMER TRAINING
Central Public Works Department
(C.P.W.D)

STARTING DATE OF TRAINING: 08/06/2018

END DATE OF TRAINING: 08/07/2018

Name:
University Enroll No.
Semester/Branch: 4TH Civil

REPORT SUBMITTED TO:

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

AMITY UNIVERSITY CHHATTISGARH

RAIPUR
 INDEX

Certificate

Declaration

Acknowledgement

SECTION 1: Introduction………………………………………………...page 2-9

1.1: Introduction
1.2: C.P.W.D Department, Government of India
1.3: Introduction to N.I.B.S.M.
1.4: Project Details
1.5: Site plan of N.I.B.S.M
1.6: Safety Induction

SECTION 2: Construction Steps Involved in N.I.B.S.M Building

Construction... page 10-27
2.1: Isolated Foundation used in N.I.B.S.M Building
2.2: Construction of Plinth Beam
2.3: Construction of Columns
2.4: Laying of Slab
2.5: Reinforcement of Slab
2.6: Junction Point of Beam and Column
2.7: Concreting
2.8: Curing
2.9: De-Shuttering
2.10: Brickwork
 2.11: Flooring
SECTION 3: Materials used for construction at site…………page 28-31

3.1: Cement
3.2: Sands and Aggregates & Tests
3.3: Steel
3.4: Bricks

SECTION 4: Information about Equipments……………………page 32-35

4.1: Transit Mixer

4.2: Concrete Pump
4.3: Tilted Drum Mixer
4.4: JCB Machine

SECTION 5: Other Images ………………………………………….page 36-38

5.1: Other Images of Site

5.2: Reference
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Industry Training Report on Name of the

Department/ Section, Industry is an authentic record of my own work as
requirements of Minor/ Major Industrial Training during the period from 08
June, 2018 to 08 July, 2018 for the award of degree of Batch. (Civil
Engineering), Amity University, Raipur (C.G.), under the guidance of Prof.
Indrajeet Pandey.

Name
Enrollment No.

Date:

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best
of our knowledge and belief

Examined by:

Prof. Indrajeet Pandey Dr. P.D. Patil

(Head of Department)

1
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I take this opportunity to extend my gratitude to Central Public Work
Department for having provided me with an unbelievable practical learning
experience during summer training. It was indeed a pleasure to be a part of
such organization.

First and foremost I would like to thank Mr. S.K. Mishra, Executive engineer
and special thanks to Mr. P.K. Pal Assistant Executive engineer, who
supported me through this report. He had provided me a nice industrial
experience.

Secondly, I am no less grateful to the other employees and members of the

department for their kind co-operation and spontaneous response and also I
express my gratitude toward my family members, my teachers and college
friends for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in
completion of this training.

Name
4th Semester
Civil Engineering Department
Amity University Chhattisgarh
2
 SECTION-1

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The basics needs of human existences are food, clothing’s & shelter. From
times immemorial man has been making efforts in improving their standard of
living.

The point of his efforts has been to provide an economic and efficient shelter.
The possession of shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of
security, responsibility and shown the social status of man.

Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed
for his pleasant living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated
at the safe and convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant
living requires considered and kept in view.

■ A Peaceful environment.

■ Safety from all natural source & climate conditions

■ General facilities for community of his residential area.

The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal conditions, building bye

laws, environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement,

provision of future, aeration, ventilation etc., in suggestion a particular type of

plan to any client.

3
1.2 C.P.W.D Department, Government of India

The Central Public Works Department of India ,commonly referred to as

the CPWD, is a central government owned authority in charge of public sector
works. The Central Public Works Department, under the Ministry of Urban
Development, builds and maintains public buildings. CPWD came into
existence in July 1854 when Lord Dalhousie established a central agency for
execution of public works and set up Ajmer Provincial Division. It has now
grown into a comprehensive construction management department, which
provides services from project concept to completion, and maintenance
management.
It is headed by the Director General (DG) who is also the Principal Technical
Advisor to the Government of India. The incumbent DG is Mr. Abhai Sinha.The
regions and sub-regions are headed by Special DGs and Additional DGs
respectively, while the zones in all state capitals (except a few) are headed by
Chief Engineers. Now A Days, a new post of Chief Project Manager (CPM) has
been created to head major prestigious projects of CPWD. CPMs are equivalent
to the rank of Chief Engineers in CPWD. With country wide presence, the
strength of CPWD is its ability to undertake construction of Complex Projects
even in difficult terrains and maintenance in post construction stage
It is the prime engineering department of Government of union of India and its
specifications and manuals are followed by local public works departments and
engineering wing of other departments.
CPWD consists of three wings in execution field:
1) B&R (Buildings and Roads)
2) E&M (Electrical and Mechanical)
3) Horticlture
There are three cadres in CPWD:
1) CAS (Central Architecture Services)
2) CES (Central Engineering Services) for Civil Engineers
3) CEMES (Central Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Services) -for
Mechanical & Electrical Engineers

4
 1.3 Introduction to N.I.B.S.M

ICAR-National Institute of Biotic Stress Management – NIBSM, unique

institute to take up research and education on Biotic stresses in agriculture is
situated at Baronda, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), Baronda, it is located in a rural
setting, about 30 km away from the Raipur city en-route to Baloda Bazar.

The Chhattisgarh government handed over 50.19 ha land, the erstwhile

Dr.Richhariya Research and Training Centre of the Indira Gandhi Krishi
Vishwavidyalaya to NIBSM.The land is fertile and has various edaphic and
pedologicalcharacteristicsthat can be utilized in the biotic stress research on
crops and animals. The foundation stone of the institute has laid on
7th October, 2012 as the 99th research institute under Indian Council of
Agriculture Research. The then Union Agriculture and Food Processing
Industries Minister, Shri SharadPawar, laid its foundation stone in the gracious
presence of Dr. Raman Singh, Chief Minister, Chhattisgarh, Dr.Charan Das
Mahant, the then Union minister of State for Agriculture and Food Processing
Industries, Shri Chandra SekharSahoo, the then Agriculture Minister, Dr. S.
Ayyappan, Secretary, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Director
General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Dr. S.K. Patil, Hon’ble
Vice Chancellor Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya. Senior officials of the
ICAR such as DR SK Datta, Deputy Director General (Crop Science), Dr TP
Rajendran the then Assistant Director General (Plant Protection) from ICAR
were present on the occasion along with Senior officials of Chhattisgarh
Government.The Institute is involved in the creation of township in the
campus through a Project Management Consultant (PMC). The master plan of
the campus as a township and research infrastructure development are its
current priorities.

5
1.4 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

N.I.B.S.M. Building

Project Name: C/o Administrative building, school building, and boy’s hostel
and girl’s hostel including development works for N.I.B.S.M at BARONDA
Raipur C.G.

Estimated Cost: Com. Est. Cost Rs 49, 16, 28,123 /-

Est. Cost (Civil): Rs 40, 08, 37,995 /-

Est. Cost (Electrical Equipments): Rs9, 07, 90,128 /-

Earnest Money: Rs 59,16,300 /-

Time allowed: 18 months

6
 1.5 Site plan of N.I.B.S.M

As per the Drawing

Construction of Building as per the Planning

Front Elevation

Fig-1.1 Library Block Section

7
 Fig-1.2 Library Block Elevation

Plan of Ground Floor (School Building)

8
Plan of Ground Floor Hostel Block

Plan of First Floor Hostel Block

9
 ––

Plan of Hostel Block Terrace Floor

Audi Block

10
 1.6 SAFETY INDUCTION

Safety is very important part of any work. Most accident can be

prevented by taking by taking simple measures or adopting proper
working procedures. It is very important to discuss issues on safety and
health that should be paid attention to on construction sites for easy
reference by the workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate
safety measures, there will definitely be fewer work injury cases, and
our sites will become a safe and secure place to work in. It is important
to educate everyone in the site regarding safety for following purposes.

 Work safety
 Construction progress
 Standard procedure
 Legal cases
 Working efficiency

Precaution at site for safety –

 Wear protective equipments.

 Do not drink or take drugs while working.
 Pay attention to personal hygiene.
 Do not play in workplace.
 Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe
condition.

11
 SECTION-2

Construction Steps Involved in Building Constructions

2.1 Isolated Foundation used in N.I.B.S.M Building

The isolated footing is one of the most popular and simplest types of
foundation used worldwide. An isolated footing is used to support a single
column. Isolated footings are independent footings which are provided for
each column.

This type of footing is used when

 Columns are not closely spaced.

 Loads on footings are less.
 The Safe bearing capacity of the soil is generally high.

The Isolated footings essentially consist of a bottom slab. There are three
basic types of bottom slabs are:

 Pad footing (with uniform thickness)

 Stepped footing (with nonuniform thickness)
 Sloped footing (trapezoidal section)

Isolated footings can have different shapes in plan, generally, it depends upon
the shape of cross section of the column.

12
Some of the popular shapes in plan of the footings are,

 Square footing
 Rectangular footing
 Circular footing

Fig-2.1

13
 2.2 Construction of Plinth Beam

Plinth beam is a beam in a framed structure provided at or above (sometimes

below) ground level that takes the load of the wall built on top of it. Most
other beams are subjected to loads not only from walls but also the load from
the slab, such as dead loads (self weight of slab, floor finish ets.) and live load.
Plinth beams also serve another indirect purpose - they reduce the length of
the columns thereby reducing their effective length and slenderness.

Shuttering of Plinth beam building at site as shown:

Fig 2.2

2.3 Construction of Columns of Building

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural

element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure
above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a
compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round
support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal and
made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is
typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round
14
section are usually called piers. For the purpose of wind or earthquake
engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces.
Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the
similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to
support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In
architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain
proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative
element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged",
that is to say form part of a wall.

Reinforcement of Columns at Site as shown: Steel Used- 25mm

Fig-2.3 Fig-2.4

15
Formwork of Columns:

Fig-2.5

Fig-2.6

After Concreting the formwork can be removed after 1-2 days

16
 2.4 Laying of Slab

Formwork of beam and slab :-

Formwork of main beam is first laid on the column, then secondary beam
shuttering is placed. After it, slab formwork is laid. Shuttering is supported by
scaffolding which can be adjusted later on.

Fig-2.7 Fig-2.8

Laying of Slab and Shuttering Moulds

Fig-2.9 Fig-2.10

17
 2.5 Reinforcement of Slab

Min reinforcement is 0.12% for HYSD bars and 0.15% for mild steel bars. The
diameter of bar generally used in slabs are: 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm and
16 mm. The maximum diameter of bar used in slab should not exceed 1/8 of
the total thickness of slab.

Firstly reinforcement of beam is done as per given in drawings.

Then steel of slab is laid down to the required spacing.
The electrical engineer fits all electrical fitting such as point , pipe, outlet
point etc.
Steel Used: 8mm and 10mm

Fig-2.11

18
 2.6 Junction Point of Slab and Beam

Fig-2.12

Stirrup and Ties

The reinforcement which is perpendicular to the main reinforcement in a

column is termed as TIE. The purpose of ties and stirrups is different. Ties in a
column prevent the main bars from buckling outward, spilling the concrete and
causing early collapse.

19
 Lapping in Longitudinal Bars

When the length of reinforcement bar has to be extended in reinforced

concrete structural member splicing is used to join two reinforcement bars to
transfer the force from one bar to the joining bar. The forces are transferred
from one bar to the other through bonds in concrete. Force is first transferred
to the concrete through bond from one bar and then it is transferred to the
other bar forming the splice through bond between it and concrete. Thus
concrete at the point of splicing is subjected to high shear and splitting stresses
which may cause cracks in concrete.

Fig-2.13

In India, the requirement of reinforcement bar splicing is covered in IS456

cl.25.2.5. The code also specifies that the splicing of flexural members should
not be at sections where the bending moment is more than 50% of the
moment of resistance, and not more than 50% of reinforcement bars should
be spliced at any given section. The splicing of bars should be carried out for
alternate bars if more than one bar has to be spliced.

20
 2.7 CONCRETING
The main objective in placing is to deposit the concrete as close
as possible to its final position as quickly and efficiently as you
can, so that segregation is avoided and it can be fully compacted.

Concrete can be transported by a variety of different methods

ranging from wheelbarrows, dumpers and ready-mix trucks to
skips and pumps, and though it is obviously desirable to place the
concrete directly into position this is not always possible.

Fig-2.14 Fig-2.15

Fig-2.16 Fig-2.17

2.8 Curing

21
The concrete surface should be hard enough to prevent surface damage from
placement activities. Applying membrane-forming curing compounds.
Membrane-forming curing compounds are used to retard or reduce
evaporation of moisture fromconcrete. They can be clear or translucent and
white pigmented.

Fig-2.18

Concrete attains strength upto 65% in 7 days

22
 2.9 De-Shuttering
Forms shall not struck until the concrete has reached strength at least twice
the stress of which the concrete may be subjected at the time of removal of
form work. Assuming standard conditions of workmanship and quality of
materials, you can refer to the following time-frames for the removal of forms.
De-Shuttering is done after 8-10 days.

Form Summers Winters (Temp <18° C)

Walls, columns and 24 hrs. 48 hrs.

vertical faces of
structural members
Removal of props under 7 days 14 days
slab Spanning up to 4.5
m
Removal of props under 14 days 28 days
beams and arches
spanning up to 6 m

2.10 Brickwork
Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks and mortar.
Typically, rows of bricks—called course are laid on top of one another to build
up a structure such as a brick wall.

Brick is a popular medium for constructing buildings, and examples of

brickwork are found through history as far back as the Bronze Age. The fired-
brick faces of the ziggurat of ancient Dur-Kurigalzu in Iraq date from around
1400 BC, and the brick buildings of ancient Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan were
built around 2600 BC. Much older examples of brickwork made with dried (but
not fired) bricks may be found in such ancient locations as Jericho in
Judea, Çatal Hüyük in Anatolia, and Mehrgarh in Pakistan. These structures
have survived from the Stone Age to the present day.

23
 Fig-2.19
Parts of brickwork include bricks, beds and perpends. The bed is the mortar
upon which a brick is laid. A perpend is a vertical joint between any two bricks
and is usually—but not always—filled with mortar.
The dimensions of these parts are usually co-ordinated such that two bricks
laid side by side separated only by the width of a perpend have a total width
identical to the length of a single brick laid transversely on top of them.

BOND USED IN BRICKS

English Bond

English bond in brick masonry has one course of stretcher only and a course of
header above it, i.e. it has two alternating courses of stretchers and headers.
Headers are laid centered on the stretchers in course below and each alternate
row is vertically aligned.

24
 Fig-2.21

To break the continuity of vertical joints, quoin closer is used in the beginning
and end of a wall after first header. A quoin close is a brick cut lengthwise into
two halves and used at corners in brick walls.

25
BRICK TEST

S.No. Load(KN) Average Area of Compressive

Brick Strength
1 251 230*110 9.92
2 299 230*110 11.8
3 340 230*110 13.43
4 410.7 230*110 16.23
5 294 230*110 11.62
6 206.9 230*110 8.177
7 291.9 230*110 11.52

Avg =sum of compressive strength/no. of test

= 11.8139 N/mm^2

Note- Since the average strength is greater than 7.5 thus is good for
construction.

26
 2.11 Flooring
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the
work of installing such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically
describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking
surface. Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to
loose-laid materials.

Filling and compacting with Murrum

Fig-2.23

The floor under the flooring is called the subfloor, which provides the support
for the flooring. Special purpose subfloors like floating floors, raised
floors or sprung floors may be laid upon another underlying subfloor which
provides the structural strength. Subfloors that are below grade (underground)
or ground level floors in buildings without basements typically have a cement
subfloor. Subfloors above grade (above ground) typically have a plywood
subfloor.

The choice of material for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost,
endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning effort. Some types of
flooring must not be installed below grade, including laminate and hardwood
due to potential damage from moisture.

27
The sub-floor may be finished in a way that makes it usable without any extra
work, see:

 Earthen floor adobe or clay floors

 Solid ground floor, cementitious
levelling/wearing/granolithic screeds, polymer-modified concretes and
levelling/wearing screeds.

Placing Sand Over Murrum

Fig-2.24

For many homeowners and designers, the chief advantage of concrete floors is
the tremendous design versatility they offer. Not only can concrete floors be
colored or stained to match any hue, you can opt for finishes that resemble
tile, slate, or marble. You can also enhance concrete floors with decorative
stenciled borders, medallions and other custom graphics. No other flooring

28
material gives you this unlimited array of design options and opportunities to
create custom one-of-a-kind looks.
Many floor finishes -- including staining, dyeing, polishing and decorative
coatings -- can be applied to existing concrete as well as new concrete. This
gives you the flexibility to expose concrete floor slabs hidden by other floor
coverings, such as carpet or vinyl tile, or dress up bare concrete floors in
basements and rec rooms.
Placing Concrete over Sand

Fig-2.25

There are even special decorative coatings for garage floors that not only help
to protect the floor from grease, oil stains and tire marks, but also impart color
and texture. These heavy-duty epoxy-based systems are available in many
color choices and can be enhanced by decorative quartz or color chips.

In addition to their decorative merits, all concrete floor finishes are easy to
maintain when applied to properly prepared floor surfaces. They can endure
heavy foot traffic, they are stain and moisture resistant, and they won’t harbor
mold, mildew, allergens, or dust mites.

29
 SECTION-3

Materials used for Construction

3.1 Cement

The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste.
This paste first sets i.e. it becomes firm and then hardens due to chemical
reaction, called hydration, between the cement and water. On setting and
hardening, the cement binds the aggregate together into a store like hard mass
and thus provides strength, durability and water-tighten to the concrete.
Quality of cement is based on grade of cement. The grades of cement are as-

 33 grade
 43 grade
 53 grade
 At the site Portland cement of 53 grades (Ultra Tech Cement) was used.
 The initial setting time of cement = 30minutes
 Final setting time of cement = 10 hours

Fig-3.1

30
 Rate of one bag of weight 50kg is Rs. 310

3.2 Sands & Aggregates

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely

divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer
than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil
or soil type; i.e. a soil containing more than 85% sand-sized particles by mass

Aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse particulate

material used in construction, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag,
recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most
mined materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite
materials such as concrete and asphal concrete; the aggregate serves as
reinforcement to add strength to the overall composite material. Due to the
relatively high hydraulic conductivity value as compared to most soils,
aggregates are widely used in drainage applications such as foundation
and French drains, septic drain fields, retaining wall drains, and road side
edgedrains

Fig-3.2

31
Test Performed for Aggregate
1) Sieve Analysis

2) Impact Testing

Sieve Analysis:

 Coarse Aggregate :

1)20 mm

S.No. I.S. Weight %of weight % % of

Cumulative passing
1 20 0.054 2.70 2.70 97.30
2 16 0.748 37.40 40.10 59.90
3 12.5 1.024 51.20 91.30 8.70
4 10 0.144 7.20 98.50 1.50
5 4.5 0.030 1.50 100 0
Weight in Pan= 0.002

2)10mm

S.No. I.S Weight %of %Cumulative %of

weight passing
1 20
2 16 0.0310 1.55 1.55 98.45
3 12.5 0.0370 1.85 3.40 96.60
4 10 0.2670 13.35 16.75 83.25
5 4.5 1.6650 83.25 100 0
Weight in Pan= 0.056

32
  Fine Aggregate
S.no. I.S. Weight %of % % of
weight Cummulative passing
1 10
2 4.75 0.068 3.400 3.4 96.60
3 2.36 0.050 2.500 5.90 94.80
4 600mic 1.148 57.40 63.3 63.70
5 300mic 0.552 27.60 90.90 9.10
6 150mic 0.170 8.50 99.4 0.60
7 90mic 0.008 0.400 99.8 0.20
8 75mic 0.004 0.200 100 0
Weight in Pan= 0.02

33
Impact Testing

 10mm

Total Weight =2.054kg

Weight of mould =1.414kg

Weight of sample= 0.640kg

Weight of aggregate passing through sieve 2.36 mm=0.062kg

Impact Value=(62/640)*100=9.687

34
 3.3 Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, primarily carbon. Because of its
high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component
in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances,
and weapons.

Fig-3.3

Structural steel is a category of steel used as a construction material for

making structural steel shapes. A structural steel shape is a profile, formed
with a specific cross section and following certain standards for chemical
composition and mechanical properties. Structural steel shapes, sizes,
composition, strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in
most industrialized countries.
Structural steel members, such as I-beams, have high second moments of area,
which allow them to be very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area.

35
Prepared for Components -

• Isolated foundation

• Plinth beam

• Columns

• Beam and slabs

3.4 Bricks

A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements
in masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit
composed of clay, but it is now used to denote any rectangular units laid in
mortar. A brick can be composed of clay-bearing soil, sand, and lime, or
concrete materials. Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types, materials,
and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk
quantities. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.

Fig-3.4

Fly ash Bricks of Dimension 230mm X 110mm X 90mm

36
 SECTION-4

Information about Equipments

4.1 Transit Mixer

A transit mixer (often mistakenly called a cement mixer) is a device that

homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel,
and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to
mix the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are
often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving
the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens. An alternative
to a machine is mixing concrete by hand. This is usually done in a wheelbarrow;
however, several companies have recently begun to sell modified tarps for this
purpose.

Capacity of 6m3

Fig-4.1

37
 4.2 Concrete Pump

A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring

liquid concrete by pumping. There are two types of concrete pumps.
The first type of concrete pump is attached to a truck or longer units are on
semi-trailers. It is known as a boom concrete pump because it uses a remote-
controlled articulating robotic arm (called a boom) to place concrete
accurately. Boom pumps are used on most of the larger construction projects
as they are capable of pumping at very high volumes and because of the labour
saving nature of the placing boom. They are a revolutionary alternative to line-
concrete pumps.

Fig- 4.2 Fig-4.3

The second main type of concrete pump is either mounted on a truck or placed
on a trailer, and it is commonly referred to as a line pump or trailer-mounted
concrete pump. This pump requires steel or flexible concrete placing hoses to
be manually attached to the outlet of the machine. Those hoses are linked
together and lead to wherever the concrete needs to be placed. Line pumps
normally pump concrete at lower volumes than boom pumps and are used for
smaller volume concrete placing applications such as swimming
pools, sidewalks, and single family home concrete slabs and most ground slabs.

38
 4.3 Drum Mixer

We are one of the most prominent names in the industry for manufacturing
high quality engineering construction machines and equipments like Tilting
Drum Type Concrete Mixer 7/5 Cft. Manufactured with highest quality material
procured from most trusted vendors in the market these machines are
sophisticatedly applicable in different construction applications. These
machines are designed under strict quality parameters by our quality panel of
engineers who are having years of experience in this domain to provide best
quality machines to our clients.

Fig-4.4

Sequence of adding materials:

• Aggregates
• Sands
• Cement
• Water & Admixtures

4.4 JCB Machine

39
 JCB Compose:

• Boom Stick
• Bucket
• Cab

 Used as:

• Excavator
• Lifter
• Transporter
• used on clayey soil

Fig-4.5

40
 SECTION-5

5.1 Other Images of Construction Site

Fig-5.1 Reinforcement of Staircase at Site

Fig-5.2 Construction of plinth & base

41
Fig-5.3

Fig-5.4

42
 5.2 Reference

1. C.P.W.D. Department Raipur (C.G.).

2. Images from Construction Site.

3. Plans are taken from Site of C.P.W.D.

4. Definitions & Data are taken from text books, data from site and Internet.

43