Experiment 5

EXPERIMENT 5
Rates of Chemical Reaction
I. INTRODUCTION
Chemical reactions take place at varying rates. Some reactions occur slowly, while some reactions are
rapid. Some reactions should be facilitated to occur while some reactions must be hindered. Chemical
kinetics is the study of chemical reaction rates and how reactions can be regulated. The rate of a chemical
reaction depends on the nature of the reactants, size of reactant particles (surface area), temperature of the
reaction, concentration of the reactants, and presence of a catalyst. A catalyst is something that speeds up
a chemical reaction, without itself being consumed in the process. It can be completely recovered after
the reaction proceeds to completion.
Figure 1.1 A typical energy diagram
II. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this activity, the students should be able to:
• determine the different factors that affect rates of chemical reactions;
• write chemical equations that can be used to represent chemical reactions; and
• understand the behaviors of the molecules affected by different factors.
III. MATERIALS AND EQUIOPMENT

3 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) mossy zinc
1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) copper wires
0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) magnesium strips
3 M acetic acid (CH3COOH)
0.02 M KMnO4
Glassware/Apparatus/Equipment/Others
test tubes
beaker (100-mL)
test tube holder
distilled water (in wash bottle)
watch glass
graduated cylinder (10-mL)
The students need to bring the following:

1 piece pineapple, 1 pineapple juice
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Nature of the Reactants
1. Different Acids
a. Place 1 mL of the following acids into separate test tubes:
HCl and CH3COOH
b. Add a magnesium strip into each tube.
c. Carefully observe these setups and write down all your observations. Note the
relative rates of reaction.
2. Different Metals
a. Place 1 mL of 3 M HCl into three (3) separate test tubes.
b. Add the following metals into the tubes separately: mossy zinc, magnesium strip,
and copper wire.
c. Carefully observe these setups and write down all your observations. Note the
relative rates of reaction.
B. Effect of Concentration
1. Place 1 mL of the following acids into separate test tubes: 0.1 M HCl in test tube 1, 1.0 M
HCl in test tube 2, and 3.0 M HCl in test tube 3.
2. Add a piece of mossy zinc into every test tube.
3. Carefully observe these setups and write down all your observations. Note the relative
rates of reaction.
C. Effect of a Catalyst
1. Fill the 3 plastic cups with the cooked gelatin (approximately ¼ cup).
2. Label the 3 plastic cups as A, B, C.
3. Add fresh slices of pineapple on plastic cup A.
4. Add pineapple juice on plastic cup B.
5. Add cooked pineapple on plastic cup C.
6. Carefully observe these setups and write down all your observations.
Note: Leave the setups. Results may be observed after few hours.
V. DATA AND RESULTS
A.1. Nature of Reactants: Different Acids

Relative
Balanced Chemical
Reactants Observations Reaction Rate
Equation
1-fast or 2-slow
magnesium &
hydrochloric acid
magnesium &
acetic acid
A.2. Nature of Reactants: Different Metals

Relative
Reaction
Balanced Chemical
Reactants Observations Rate
Equation
1-fastest
3-slowest
copper &
hydrochloric acid
magnesium &
hydrochloric acid
zinc and
hydrochloric acid
B. Effect of Concentration
Relative
Concentration of Reaction Rate
Observations
hydrochloric acid 1-fastest
3-slowest
0.1 M
1M
3M
C. Effect of Catalyst
Relative
Reaction Rate
Reactants Observations
1-fastest
3-slowest
Gelatin + fresh
pineapple
Gelatin +
pineapple juice
Gelatin + cooked
pineapple
VI. POST-LAB QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. Identify the factor that accounts for the following chemical observations.
a. Enzymes accelerate certain biochemical reactions, but are not consumed.
b. Wooden sticks and twigs burn more rapidly than logs.
c. Rubber tires deteriorate more rapidly in smog-laden areas than in urban areas.
d. Meat spoils more rapidly when it is not refrigerated.
e. Gold and silver are used for jewelry, but iron and sodium (also shiny, lustrous metals) are
not.
f. Aquatic life grows more rapidly near the cooling water outfall from a power plant.
2. What is the Collision Theory? How is it related to the effects of temperature on reaction rates?
3. What is the effect on the reaction rate when the acid mixed with zinc is increased? Explain.
4. Why did the metals used in the experiment (Part A.2) behave as they do?
5. How does the addition of fresh pineapple, pineapple juice, and cooked pineapple affect the
structure of the gelatin? What catalyst is present in pineapple? Explain what happened to the 3
setups.
6. How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction? Draw an energy diagram showing a catayzed
and an uncatalyzed reaction.
VII. CONCLUSION

Experiment 5 - Reaction Rate

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Experiment 5 - Reaction Rate

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How do different factors affect the rate of chemical reactions?

How does concentration of the reactants impact the reaction rate?

Rates of Chemical Reaction

Figure 1.1 A typical energy diagram

III. MATERIALS AND EQUIOPMENT

The students need to bring the following:

V. DATA AND RESULTS

A.1. Nature of Reactants: Different Acids

A.2. Nature of Reactants: Different Metals

VI. POST-LAB QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

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