AMPLIFIERS Ea De Supply Ampiifion . Amptifia. % @ device whreh —thoreases the Power Lever ef TIP signal. Fon amplification, MestHy we Use B37, JFeT MOSFET. and fon amptiftahion, . device. Shou be fn proper region fon amplification, 65T Shovid be fn Athve Regron. For. amplificahon IFET and MOSFET Shovid be fn satvraten Région. OC Sepply. maintain the prope = *egion F Gevive for Amplificahon. *7. Snternal Vol rage. Gain F Amplifier P given by LB 8. Yotal Voltage, Gain of Amplifre fr given, by s- Vo Avs = Vs From Fig: Ree Qnternal Sle Resistance of Ampli pice RP = Roz Sntuna UP Resistance Ff Amplipa Ro= ve = Raw Ta Vege © Vo vr og Ave ME Ve one fa ay aRs Fig, Equivalenr form 4 Fig a7 V-D-RE Vee Vex Ri RE+Re vie RE Rt Vs 7 REFRs rier; Mo 2 detat voltae Gai ve Gain ve 2 oe Voltage Ayi= Yes Sn benal Vs- otal ve! Voltaye ean & Sntunal coment tain “F Ampli fia fs given by dotat cumenp Gain of » AmpUpe fs given by! nn Az’ = To _ Load. tuvrent Th Sounce Hp tumeni gn?g ABU IEDS voud fre R20 & ks FO( $aeal Voltaye Source ) 3. Av ~* IP Resistance Seen from the Source i given by i (Sotal IP Resistance) Rs R Ret Ri Vs a? ae Ri's RstRi Nott &- Sf there 5 me information of Mrrow Enditatvon then we will cConside Jotal 9npuk mpedence A gotal Olp Resiitance of Amplifa f given bys. [ Rel = RoR ateVe _ Vo Srtanat Volege tate, AVE TE = yp 4 Voltage c vi tn oe Avs = wel ve xo “_ “ = Vs ve Me : Rs ‘ Ri'= RURP Fg eo. fig F HAY vez Vsx RI” Ri+Re vi Ri! Vs RI ERe* Sip Resistance seen from the. source t% given by ( slanding th front F V5) Rs [arte etre! Vs Riz RURF ont 2 I + dotay olp Gmpedence Ts given by $- [Roz RoR URL 4 Sntanal Current Gain Ac. ie tTdotal Curent Gath :- Aq = Ze T At': To x To a! Te qT, Tf Tg To ' R Ry Loz -foxR! RtRe do -R' Tz > R'ER, a? Th qt R Re TP- Ox R4RAy (d8) = 20104), Av = Voltage Gay fn 48 Az (dB) = 20 ‘fro Ar = Qumenr Gain in Ae Ap (ds) = (© 404, AP = Power gain fo de Av> 6006 . Vs- 4 ALvolt Vo: 2 Av= 6vae Zolog,., AV . logoAv = 2 AV= to? Av> 100° Vo a 1000 Vs 7 -6 3 Voz foo kto = 1072 {mVolt~ 8 stp OPOy, Av: ~GodB 3. os LauvolE Vo- 2 Ay. 80 AB= — 201Oqo AV Logi Av = “3 Ave 10°? Neos 10? Vs Vor torSx fo? = 104 Vo= { nVolt =} as an Attenvaboy +ve dB Gomm > l > Amplifier eve de a aan <1-- 7 Atrenua te” Power = Powu = ‘R ps ve on 2°R RK te Re |2 4 : vig oy T malised POwWAr = 2 pene {veut noAp= Av? OR Ap: Az? —__——_ Ave J Ap OR Ar= J Ap ple 2olog Av = 20 leg Jap = Foley (Ap el lolo Ap () loocoswe mV Ap(4s) = 40 AB> 10 a) Ap Ab: ro! —_—fo jo" Pin . PY Acoswe } . a 2 rine (00 x10? : Locoswt oeAp: 4oaB- Jo% Ap= Av Ave VAP Av= 104 Av: 100 Vo — =|00 Vs Yo: $00X 100 Coswt 10°" 40 COoswt Volt Vo = = 5 n genaal thue ance two typo Ff Ampli pia @® Small Stjnal Amp pe @® Lovage signal Ampli pewJ 9n small signal Amplifia, the power Level as. Tip signa) ts Vey Small ( from uwatr to mwott ) example — CE Amp”, SC mp” ce Amp” Signal Ampli fie, Pow level F TIP > ® Lovge signal i Range [ from swat te 100 watt ) example — ower Amplti fr ( Clara, Class 6, Clas as, Clas e) Nofes , ow She powes De Capability f Large signa | Amplifiee 78 Mowe Ean simall signal Ampli Rev.fag BI 7 Con ? 7 or a) vy afior VN \s worFy CE wikh Re Vee. fig, CL Vee S Vee oe Vec ©)all OC And AC Analysis of BIT WAR Vee = De Supply @ Re Ce4. D.C Analysis ( Zero signal Analysis ) Sy Ac T[p oy olp =O Oc equivaten t-cky d Vee. —_! Re J I; ce 8 < ce Ig - ve8 Vee —p € Re ! Te: Torte> 6c efuivalent tke % independent fom any oe 5: tion Pp In case Ff Amplifie, be defavip we consider Active Region, for © Analysis 1y Vees 07 ty dg: BIg 2 AC Analysis ( Ampr per Analysts ) wn@— OS ~ T> pe tp ov Pe Supply = O i> Cow freq Ammplipr fe 100 kHz ce tue Xez © Aafe I Fn $ Mnx100%(0 X10) Kee 1 89 DW ( Very iat)i Tp c= loouF Kee o-o1s9 AS gn ampli er, we Choose Capacitante F highe. value Pls ncactance fs VAY. yal) so that Capacitor ——» Short der In xan, ( we F Capacitance fs vey aye as p @ Cap > Sc Assume C= (Rezo ) Fig Basic Ac equivalenr CK}thy given by !- LB Modli ed Ac equivaleny re ee ine eae Rt Re Rell, fig, ce wo Re Ro! a = RollRellRy \e ¥ Re # f (Re RL) ee Qa = a 3 j Diese are two port coment Lo Fine s Tee OP Iwo pont wren wrnente Ty- IP Swe porte --t At z° t,1> BE Analyst = f) Ac Tip on lp = O Ws: 0 Fig, Se quivalenr kr Modified Self Bias AR ay Vm, KE rmTe =Letle Vtu G) [ I Te = VeexRe = (itp) ts RitRe 2 Ac An alysis NINO) ty pc F/p on SC Supply = 0 _— Sco C= vuy high “ w= high /ac foes,dreic ac olp Vs PE AC zt Fig ce wo Re Modttied Pique t- te —ot + Yt iets Cana R. Vo aq = RoRe = Interna; IP Impedence. From Fig:- Re RR URE A Tip Resistance seen from . Source OR A Sorat Snpur ampedence for a given Omptiper "S$ given by . . Ri 2 Ret RF! Ro = Snterna) O!P. Resistance. Ro’ t Sokal OP Resitance = Roll Re From Figs doad Resistance = Re = Ro Sf thue % ne extunal ‘Coad, tren Collectry Refitance act @ a oad Recittance. if lod % Cemnected EenSntrneal Curent &am fs given by A4z- ~& Tp Vota) coment dafn ts given by Ar’: £0 af Art's fox x B Te Tp r; from £14 Tor Te Ly TP x Re Ret Ri Rete Rael? = RURQIRE Aq: (1) x (Ar) x Re 7 RETR? vi From £9 Up2 Vo Ye Ve\ \ Av: \Vo Vr Sotal Volta Gain is given by! Avs: Ve Vs Avs = Vox VF vr Vs + 7 Rp = RellRP = RMURWNRP@ Fixed Bias Ckr mnYyY YY YS fy Vie Voz0 7% Cop = GR 0-0 Ne eauivatenb tkea Ag mene jy Vee = © i> cap = 3C Fg . CE With Re Moatt, 19 -RoltR,. lo Jt %§ Ta eT | Ri" Ri i ee! _ Pig by co Rol = Roll Ru! = Rst hi = RellRi = Roll Rett Wrt Snpur 9Mpedence = Both fig. ane Sam / wry OlP nope dene = -f—- 6 — re wrt Voltage Garin = —-;— ¢ Bur WE Went Gain = Both fig, are diffecen/- Ay: Yo = dotal Voltape damn = 2 vP Gntanal Curent Gain Aq ~% TeJolal Current 4atn Azg': fo Tr Ay'. Boy Fe 5% Rg 7 -A —_ Ar's (2) (-Ar) x (oy) ‘YY Fig b> Te comsdeus — Unen % |to = -te |x “x KX KX ~ ? fo fs 4 oad corep thap flows oly Hrroup, RL Intanal Vol rape Gatn'- , 2 Ve wT ‘ NVo2Vo From 5 2 Mev? -. Avis Me,Ay: Vo vr? Ave Voy Vil Vi OVE Av: Av'y Ri! Ri'+Rg Res Re URE A feedback Biss ChE WN4. DC Analysis *- wy Vee TatIe Re Re. te Vec 72 Vea + t Te = Ty4q, Ske 2 AC Analysis a ae aan AO yor win ~ ity Cap= $-0 Both ae 9 afer oun 9 eS (Re) 4P oe woanced yet” Oe ay wo {s VoAC Analysts %s unaffected by Mpn or pnp Xshtor 3. Or Amp. Anaty/s ° wer Anilysc 4 . DAU an ae sane for Mpr and pop Xsistr of amp. : ar . De Analysts depends on Np on prp Xsitter— PwWe apply Méllers Eheonem detoss feedbark element~ Re ESE ae DMillow Theonem Separateo = the feedback element tn JIp ang Olp beim «= of IN anal tn Gat as FB Cemene & connected bw Vo and vp (AV 7 Vo} tage Av? YO. gntanal a | ( vP fr ganTRANSISTOR AS A Two PORT NETWORK Si . vi = OUNCE Re h Re Loan ZY hg 8 Z%hig Max. no Ff possie, pavameby for analyse of any two pont Niw & given by 2 Nos fe, 2 ML, Sexe 2x2] Ath 2 No = 6 Zz \ Bescribes Ri and Ro my «x h GEIbeg UME 4 No = 6 porn: Av, At, RP and Ro 2? ABCcd } No tlectweal n034 (Aecp)”3 we preg hybrid Mode] for analysis G BIT a 3. h- p anameta Equation TieKVL <— Viz hut, + hia Vo —© olp kel Tae ha T, + hee Vo —® hu = t = htc Snpur Resistance when Ti lye op fs s.c (2) e Vv ° hes Me - hy = Reverse Yoltage qain Va T=0 : T. °, hay Z| _ he = Forward arent Gain T, [ygeo =F When Olp fs S-c 7 has val i ho: CP Admittance when Rg T-0 Tip ts oc (271 U, Siemens, Alv )R?- Vi. Unecend? tional 9/P Iipedence f, ge [Re Fr) | hi AR = Ve = (hr, Aye Boe fbr) hy # AV I Ap: ~22 = A | t a F Chy ) hy # Az SM lL [* ve = f Che) ho F Re 2 All the Xsitor AmpY MMteunal parameters ane fone of hy bod Model Poramettthar hea hp he | Tie KVL ran _ hn 7 oo“ . FA Yy hart, Prat) vi hi2Vo, 92) Vp ° - Vie hu Tae hv2Vp Toe het, +heev, Hybrid Model = 7!P KvL ol Ket nybrid Moo = Thevening + Montte’s €q. om Feg. hybrid Mode comin 4% Vevs and cees ); L vy hw, het ho Vo Fig, Generalised Hybrid Mode} * benz fe can be used for any Conf. CPt Ce, CB, Om Ce.4. CE Wthout Re Hy brid Mocle} La NON ROO W~nrn gnd subscript dene te configuration. hte 7 Te a e. Bo bow < Ae + hrevee' hpeTs, hoe Vee Vbe han - ¢ = € € Le € € rip kes Voe = hieTy + mee —® ! hee Ve —® Olp ket: Te. * hpe 7 + oe Vee 2. cc Hybrid Mode] NaNeoaeaeSEeNs Ly Ne B o> MY Te ~ hge Ty Vee bel sete Spee New - ° - ie c + c c Cc Vee = hfeT. + here vec Hh3. Common Base Hybrid Mode! Veo: hebTe + hreV, ——@ T. = hppte + hebVee —Q@) ee Jaste ( Ze- 1.2mm, fe Lhe, freee) Yves he parametea ce L ce | ee hr bipe 21-62 hres 11002 | hice Mar hy bry. 29x10" hres 38xlo4] pyre 1 he o- s bpp: O98 | hges SO | hes ~s/ ho hobe + hoes 1 4 204MR ve 4okn hoce aeAl these Values ane Vale only ge Tez 13m Othe than tic f (kHz Condi hens we Can! fe acto (Room Kemp.) } ceteris ele While using b- paranre ter + we assume that Ze= 137m ile ? 2 la re we can't go fon oc analyse. Relation ship Bw ce and CC h pananetey AYN + Sa NOY Oe from Same s- ms eand ¢ Can be = iy hee = hie tntapna ed wie - - ang Change fn 2 bre = l-hre the result but Physieany we sy hee = = Cit bye) Can't Fokachange Emitter end Cellecter a hece hoe duc to dey dleping Reve. ai Relationship Blw C® and CE h- parameter 1108 21.6 2 st + hyeh = 2.9x104 r enrve -$0 o -0-98 #50 y I Yao 5 2.04M2avon tage of Ar genau —\wa At. h- para. are neal numbers at Low freq. or Qudioc freg ( Lon to @Okn< ) 2 h-para. can be obtained Graphically fom Xshstor Us. ( ampur & olp els ) 8. h-pana ane convenient bo Use fn URE analysis and design 4. Procticant h-pana, are &48Y to measure. Psadvantage ¢ +. AE L h-pana Danes @ wrth Jemperdture be hepana oe temperature Sensitive. 2h pana. varies with cpaating frequeney. 3 he para, are COMplex Me. ak high Frequency .Oenivation fon Xsistor Paname ters prom EH Oa ow Generalised fiybnid Yodel 1. Internal cowent Gain Ff Amplifier fe given by Ar: ~ £2 Ty from Fig t- Ye Wr, + hrVe —o Tp) = hgt + hove —® A TR —O® From ey 6 26 Sa- byt + be [-Tar] qafither } - hes, deTe-Genuatited exp of nz. Corenh Gain of Arnptificn. [ Az {ce} = Thee J -ve} IthoeR, ’ ar [eep => me t+hocR, - [+hoeR, } ng u [ {co} : — hfe [thobR_ {rvey hye / Ithge t+ hoe Rv \thge in teem, ¢ ge ce Conf. I+ hype thoe Rrhte fe Condi tional Covent Gain . 3. hpe # Cowen Gatn Ff any Amp Ufier Qo Aq fs Unconditional Current warn hfe F AL { Ar- fF Che) cong. Aq g ce © 180 ec © °° ce ® \ °° ° CE 15 neferred a0 180° phace shifting NW Deke AM Ene forrmutae, — re derived only for tntene/ ona, Xs tor ne i total /Exfeunal parameHe. ; P Ext para, ane derfeee In teams ¢ fntunc porar® Internal Snpur Smpedence of Amplife Po Given y Res T, From a Vie hitit hy Vo ve _ hie + hy V2 T, tT, Res Set hr (-Tery { Fron eq j L, tenaaten | Rez hie t+ hr ATR SIP Redcar a a ; "yp Reskeance F Amy gntenal Rifceys he + hveAr Ry ee hice hre AzR,| oo Ritesh = hip t hrbArRe® soternay vottaye sein f Ampiira Barer Le Av= V2 vi oe. VM From ¢q © and from Lhe T, Av: ~T2Rv T, RF J. AL 2g Rie fCAr) a ave f (ADR) if At = fired then [* <4] oe6 olp Admittance Internal Ww AOR Ooo do = = | Va Vs= 0 der fac Vac lvs=0 Rs © Fac~ hpi + hoVue Tac 2 pt 4 ho —@ Yee ae 3p 6ve ( amewsdtog R) oO 4 Rot + HiBt, + he Vacs 0 G(Rethi) = ~hyle Di ah Vac Rt hi —2@mre we 4 ae te ( many) Vac. ho - Arh Generalised expression Rsthi for, OP Admittance snes hoe - hve hge Ror bie vv de {ee} bre x hee - oe dof cc} = c are dolce} = heb- rex bpp Rot hipSe Confiqurahon AT Av g ce © © 180° ce @ o ce @ :rope toes, gf proms fongde, CE Wo Re configuvahon , Vbe = hte Tp + hreVee al © TM = hye Int hoe Vee —@® fy bPe= Voc) Ty | Veezo0 ff) hve = Ve Vee |ty,20 FP» byes Te Zs | vero > hoe = fe | Ve It,20 8 Mepritvn » (Changer fr bc = Ac) fy fie= oe | Ale VCE = tonstant Tt) fre = AVee Ave ee constan} 209. AS, 7? Py : c lye OZ lve: constant tv> hoes 4% Avce | ae: Comtaut-ctor Clt si sto ew Voltage Llp wrrenp = f(4IP J | Is 8 © th ¢ wg @ op es ¢- OlP cument = F( OI muy JIP current fs f me Veeo Vees Vee Vee > Vees Veen z= Vee, Lg +> ——=E ce conf fig Tle ch $ — —_—_—_—_Vee Fiy, olp cls F ce tone. xsfito cls > O IIP Cs Both we FahE Q op ces oc tts Iyorid Mead = AC Newel Sup we don't have Ac Crs qvarlabe Thats Why we dettunime al) the AC Mode} rr wc [ Spane cle. Hy bik Model paramebes from6 so , O Gra nica} Analy sis of hte meaner ™~ Pere en hres Avee. AT, Vee = constant Veeg Stopes M2 Slepe = Vee)- Vee, Teq- Ta, hie = Avae AT, Vee= Veg = tomitenr2 nocal Analysts F hre Graphical pee aa hrre = Tp: Constant 2 Vat geye? Vees Vets [----~ Vee Vase, Veer 4 Te,= constant hve = Veea~ Vees Vees - Vee, avi tee S¥Be_ AVE laggy. ta,- constane Slope = ©be hn? cal Analysts US rf pe ~owOreowmSN SS pace peugeal QTc ne 418 | vez constant Vee Vee , hye = eg - Ter Tez - Ta, OTe byes SBe a tan & Ate | vce - Vee= tone Slope = o $1Ope ~ te SS“Wamu! Cores FOS hoe= ote. | Avee !7g> Conitant Ge Vee Stope > Peg- fe, VCEQ ~ er Slope = AT | Te Ave = ConstanfNoKt- 1 Siope F tle Ch gives Whe F hie 2 $lOpe F OP cls gives Dawe F hoe v Anare sis g ce ufo Re nw ONO SS 12Vv Vo + ()Ws= locos o%t - mv RoVo Ret poe lok V5 2 1 ODS ICE mv Fig b> at ° 4. Bo Y wrk AC Analy sh Xsispor Both Py4s ane sanre yss Canplipee a & Bot figs we dfffaenp wrt PC Anayst Ff Xs Givens w= Jot nadlsec Xen hoe we Lotx Looxia$ Xe~ 1a (¥ery smal Qalve) aya SS Cap ——+ SC a AC Analyyty iy Cap. behaves 09 Se 17 mig if heh Word C5 lave Ajwoys ere, Atactance fF ip aud 9 TT given. born &p- ValveQPven:- hfes Lika hre = &SKO4 hye = ‘luo ka hoe = sD Ree P Ro= 2 Ar- To : 0° T? Av> Vo . 2 Vs Olp= Collector ce CON gure hon /Modtpea AC Squeivaleny Cke + rr — Rs =k 8 Tp 10k = Vv + , “Tas! le ° % soae lok View e [ nd © | ! R? Ri! & *° = RL! (Load) from fy" te hy Re RNR, J stad Sntana} cuvrent fat’ - gis Toe = hfe T I I+ hoe Re gris is aways ef antApt So rt Ly 28s Go Pay' 46.67 Snternal Sle Reststance:- ow ow _w\Ynw Reis Vi = hiet bre Az! Ri" Ty i Snkenal Qunnen F ‘etn Rie Lo — BEKO x Ue erK RBS 0-366 kar Sntunal Voltage Gafn'- Ave V2 2 Vi vi I Av Ar x Re \ Ri \ Avis 46.66 Xx SEE 2 A187. SH vlc .FF onternal olp Adm? ttance aoe Qo! = hoe- Art bre Rs'+ hie | Int Bmoe Rs = 41K (When Tie ypsitge 9 sc Nhite findin, ® Rey on Re! then Lk & tok come mE Pn pasate) Re': Equivalent Source Rech tance Role LK TL Lok When Vs-0 Rg '= 0-909 ka asxiotx 50 Aaxio? “9.409% 10? @ + 1000 go'= 184s x1o" = vu / AN | a Ro'= Px = | eye kn Role SU DehNote _—— ° Sp Resistance Seen from source A Ri Source (Neluder bhe 6 ‘cox 9p Reststance seen from the Source Resistance Re From fy ree Jok ILRI! Ris fe kil 0-967 [Ri = 688) ka Roe Rit Re TI Ro! - rong | $42 Ro = 2.707 kar Sorat Jota turunp Wain = Are i / At = cone Le fe Te Lp TjLo = x 46.67 x ( Ar - Gp0 Lo +9.967 { 4r- — (2158 Yotal cawrenr fal» L Snkenagl Gwent Jotal Gunenr Gain, AT qatn (Az!) Jotal Votre Gain 2 Av= Yo. Vs Ave Vo v2» Mi Vo “ Vs yz Vo, vi YS 2 avix ve AV Vs oo Re Av > I37-SUX ( area ) D-88) = 1B —— sts (sa | Av = “644gVo =. ~64.4) Vs V —C44IX LO cos LoTL mY oe Vo= — 0.64 costo't Volt Vor 64UVs Yo CAmplifred form) Vo Midband Gain = | vs | = 64,4) OR 64. 4] Magia. Vourye fafn=wy, ip se 1ocostok MV Xx x then _X X{ Vo x x « x xX x box we Jo nad/tec S 1000 X. tt = a = we LOK IOOAIS” ( very hiy h) re Cap can't be Sec CL rt ee ; i s cow freq Signal = ce Signa) Vs = 10coslot ie Jo 1 He) ge yok (Fan Vay small free signal fs nefeued 8c Signal Sine or cesfne dloesn’'p = 70k sipnal Ac its fee should be hipsApproximate Analysis of ce wlo Re Veer ONO SS Exact Hy bnid Mode] !- ae a, he hree 25x1074 £0 Ge. Yo}t age 3 yon) Shorp KF Appetaionle Her Mone Rs ga, hie iC > —o~ . + ¢ } A Ye 4 Dre Vee RLan ior ox © Approxima hor? 3. atnembbeal condi for Spm oiebe? hoe R,! < ot (varia) > Mpprorimate Analysis ' ‘) > Exaue hoe Ri!) 0-1 (Snvatid) aoe ° ' ‘fF hee RL! > Ol (Snvatidy Exace Adaly si 2Re ‘. Loagh. -fe 2 The Tt, It heeR 2 Rf = We = hte hve As! Re! All the ty, Retule 5 fox Ay! = Ar’ RL! a = TxA NU Parg an —— i go = hoe ~ brehge | we wf fe + Re! &Yeo Jf hee Ri" < 0.1 (Yuet) Vee We From fig’ Tc= hype Ty 4 Ay' = ~fe 2 hte Te Rel e Voe _ fe b = RL Ri" Ro'z Vac Tae | Vs 0 Rs. 4, lve Ide + “oo, hfe, Vae e _l- € € = Re! hie °° ae ly 2qe Me =0 Rsthie ty Vs= 0 ify Ted rity hee Te? Vv) RR: Tde = O quits oF e a " xamy > Approximale Anralygis 7 MO Sty rn Competihive Used\5. ol Common Emitter with Re 3. Yow OOS Voz OPVon 2 Snkanal SIP Voltage, 3. Ven. $nitenay fp Vol age. Condthon fon Approximahon eI “| hoe (with) $e] > Apress Exack Anal rors hoe (Ri + Re) >O°! (Snvalia) 2 ghey we apply xual of Mitle’s Jheoren > x ° F Oval OF Mitieay gheonem % applyed ey exder analy @ fn ce with ReRe ce with Approximate Model fon RLER CUR | Tpt het, Re (tthye Te Q® Snteanas cumnenp Gatn- - At 's a from i : T= hyety .~ hpeTy Ar': T = [As - —hee fn 8 Pudepen dent from Re Dp Intenal cunent — Gat2 Snieenal SIP Restance = _SNteanal_ SIP. Voltage Srjenal 91p Cumen}- ' Ri = Von Tp —Von + hteT, + Cithge) TpRe = 0 Ty, { hte +(tthye) Re } = Von Von, = hfe + Cl+hge) Re if Reson Ri'z hie {ce “le Re} Rit 2 ce wren Rey > Ri {ce wlo Re}vy, Av Ven Von Avis Vo vi Av’ = —hfe X RL! fet (lthfe) Re Keeping Ar! & Ri! tomtant same frit ee] eTPh one Av BP ettect F Re=( By passed Emitter Rests tance WO L 9E Proteases Lhe IP Impedence of Ampr Getboger teary rt eovcee— WATER A2, St clecreases the Voltage Gain Amptpe. J [i with re} >< Ww {ce wo Re} | ow oe Ay) = Thee Re Ci+hge) Re (the) 2 bee ¥| Avis Ri! \ and oly rf Re (thy) Re >7 Hfe } where Ri'= Re TERE > if R= Re then ——— wt Avice ~Re Re4. Internal olP Impedence &- Ro’= Ve / Vs= oO Tae from 5 Tde- hye Ty, from £3 v- ty: Vs Rothie + Cithpe ) Re if ty Vs=0 Tt) Th =O Snfeunal OP Smpedence % feependent oF Re 7 (Approx. Arps)3 Signal Tone. ce wo RE ce wrth Re Ny, $F Amplrfen (Approx. Analysis) (Approx Analysis’ Ad’: ~4e Ar' = he Ar! = —bye Le Ri’ = Yon. e's hfe Ril. hie + (rtye) Re b Av’. Ari, Re! Avis Yen, Yo Rr Ay'= “bre Ru! Yon Vr = -hyeR! hie + Cithye Re Ri hie x ful Ro! < Vie , falco] R= Re! = 0Cased ate if Ce fs memo ved By pass Capack for Present > ce wle Re Absenp > C& with Re of Ce fs memoved ? then (ce with Re ) > Rf ry AV J fks effect g-case? ow Re : er Rs ahs Aa Re T Ce <1 When Ce 4s added :- from c.g with Re to CE wio Re iy REY Tt) Av! t ° ho Advanta Bypass Capod Nat LSE Ty 9¢ tnereases the Doltage Gath Amptipe.Common Collector Amplifier INNO ONIN Noe VeeCond?Honagp for Approximation ’- hock.’ < 04 PA “hoes hoe hoe R,' £01 Condition fox Approx = Ce fonpgurahon Ce wld RE = hye =~ hice Cle pee hac= gop Rs g te hic Te ¢ pA ea MWA o + Vv Ds he Vec Rie EWR, oS. 4 oe c L Cc Vee = Vin T TySn teal Cwurenp Garni. NOY emu Ap’. fe Te from Fry Te= Age Th Ag's -hee Tt, T, | At'= hfe (+) | At's + Cithye) (+ve) Qnteanal SIP Resistance Ver Re. Voc Tp, ~o —Vbe + hic Ty + Veo =OFrom fig Vec = -TeR! Veo: — Chge ty) RL! Voc = hfe Ty — hye Te RL! Vu g va . hic — hge Ri! Vow. Re = Die = hge Re! ty es hfc= hie and hge = ~ Ctthge) G ° i =H | eh hte CtUthge) Re / Whore Ry'= Rell RL hoad 3s TOF peeent) x of Riis Re Lwhen [®: fe + Uithge) Re STwren fs No eX#ena) toad then ont Ho thene RP" (ce with Re) = Ri (ec) he J&is Othawie they ae different ( cond? Hana) ) Ri fect = hte + Ctthpey Ry! St 1s nof possiine that Ce without Re exit beex ig Rezo then = RL TS ata Shor Chted PC VoroV fe No Arp Uficafvon — Ehars why CC Wio Re > Not Possilne ce ce Reo Be Not Posie Nof Poss:b) ¢3 Sntanal Voltage Qatn :- wie vi (fer any conf ) Ay'= Cbg) Bee hre + (ithe) Ru! eo if (thpe) Ru! >> hie Ay'= (tthe) Re! el (tthge) Re ‘ (wet ———Re of CE With Rp % Re of In ce with Re > Re fe oe Tt Dave Pe aa CC® opp v > Re Hs a a Why Pee Value Av's hfe + Clthpey R,! — hee Cl heey R,! Av! (- re Ry! Av'~ Vec _ Ven ; Ve Voc Von Y, {/ collector § rake} ( sanre NESE appeg reaipeatn> x \s 2 = Ce twenfiguration % alto neffered as Enftter Foliowe OR Follower CKR bicox Emitter Voltage follows the gip Veltape to unter Garn jue to thts on Base Voltave ave ce Co O Asie -hpe @ Ar = tthe High Current Gain = Aron cwunent Gan @ av = fn @ wed (Gain ?s nok greater than Max. Gain =} ! J CLE tony can be Used to amplity both Veitaye and tynent- @ec conf can be used only for amplifies hon oF Courent Signa]antennal olp Impedence oF CC Conf. Vow OOOO Ow Rs 4y hre Tde er oF Vi hecT, Vae ge Voc Me - ¢ _ e a c Roz Vole Tae Vg=0 Tac= hye Te =O) Rot, + hicl, + Ye= 0 Ee — Vac — @® Rot hie Tac = hee x -VaeVa Rg + hic © ost ie =. hee Tac ~ ‘ye ' hic Ro = Rs + hi nae se hic= he & hpc= ~Ctthge ) fe= hi PY a Rerhte | Ct thye ) fey sistance Where Rez Equivalent Source Re if far bco OE Intanal Fara. Cc ampuipice Exact (hoek,' > 0-1) | ApPrex Choeke'¢o) © Art = Art's te Ar’: (thee DR" a Rie Ate # Ar'R,’ co hie + (rhe Ry! D ay e Aes Av's ATER wy 10 Rr! Ri! Oot hoe + ithpe Me Rohe | Ra's Aetehte Pe Hyg! (thee Q. Consider B7T~ Amplfpe shoo in below SyGeven hres 2K Ro he too bre =hoe =O f) Are Te wy ave Vo ety RS fy Ro Is Vs Solve > wn Snput = Base Olp = Chtkeetor EmPtte tre Commo Collector Amplifier. Val fd Approxirma how (hoe RU’ < 1) wher f gts RellRs AKUGK = 2k hve iS gm case fF h- para, we don't go for OC Amaly srs.AC Analysts (Amplifier Analysis ) pe Supply = O Wy C= S60Intenal aonent Gary 8- Aq's “te . Itbp¢e Ty A's 101 Sntenal 3tp Smpedence:- Rit. hfe + Clthpe) Ri! or 2o00 + (14100) X 2000 .e C 4xnran) Ails 204 ka Chijh ewes Snteanal Vottage wot! Av'= Ve . Ne Ve vi = Ar'x Ri! Ri! Jorx 2 204 Avg 1 (emitter fetower ) |9ntecnal OP Smpedence Ro’: _Rs't hie tahge Rel Effective Source Resistance R's O SKN OK Re'= 0-487 kn 3 = OUB7 KIO + 2000 Ro! = eee t+(00 Ro’ 24.62 2 (Smaj} Valve J > 9ntenal Olp Smpedence of Ce cong. % vey Ssmal{ + Rol fo _atfe emp. ce =% ca= * cc = smallfrom Ry 3. Ri = Jotal 9/p Reshponde WlO Source Remtence, oe. RMU 2OK Res 200K I 20K Rez 18. 2l ka An Roz Sofa] OfP Rec& tance Ro = 4kIGK Ro! Roz 2K 24.62 Ro = 24.32 2 Ane esi gn CC CONF Ro & Rol = small. Nia Ro! * vert sry (External!) — (89 Henal) (kali a= dotal vol (atn’- * Ave Ve vo, vi Veo ve vs ys Av! x VE ‘ VsRez 0-SK Vs ©) Rez 18-2) K RE+Rs - 0-99x% 18-2) 18. 2140.5 Av < Ay! Always Extanal Voltage aan ts © (et Fhan MM teenal Vottaye Gafn Won -w Jota; Cuurent Gari S\N At= Bb to, Hey B 5 Lk * Te as I, a Ty am th ) x (ro )x 2 Jore?! 20+R? _ 4 Q0 2 —2 x C19) x —~ Rot ROYAr- WOR dns Ar < Az! Properties of Commen Collector Conf: Nae NN OT ho High xP ify bow Zo ify unity Voltage Gain tvy High wrenb Garo V> CC Conf. fs referred a5 Voltaye Butgee (KE due to Unity Voitage QdFn, vy ec as a Voltage Buffer Chr Used for Simpecence Motcning tn MUIP stage Amplife whConcept of Volkage Boffer & Impedence ica °\I——™N a INOS OOOO OY CC Amplipe, high 37 Law t A Buffper —}>—__* A YrViz Vo= Vo = high zr ol Vex@r RPARS V2x Ke Re Va Rut Zo a Vb CC Amplifier Voltage Buff the Ave V2 w 4 { p= Emall fyore Ea Jn Buffer, CKE =P CC cong RP High Zoz Low Vo. v a1 Vo= Vo =V= Vs Smpe dence Matching” | - nN = os e.c Impedence matching Voltage di High xr Low% Lowe? High % Sounce ( Hith Ro) Load (Low x?) Ju onde ZO match bow XP Load with High Zo worrce CC conf oo Voltage Buffer KE Pr U0.os 4 Voltage Buffer CKF Used for Smpedence mMatthtn f the Sevice whieh have Hip olp (Xe Source “Smpedence and Low S/P Lead Impedence . ( High Sounce Smpedence & Low Load Smpesence ) 73% onde to ache Hfply Qafy fn Mottistage Amplifier 1 CC ag Voltage Buffer P used Pn TIP and olp Stage of MUIR stage semplifies . ante- Medio Statea used Me CE tompigunation. COMMON BASE AMPLIFTER ——r DS. 0Rs € ib Te ¢ © have 89x18! + Te xo ‘o +. ase R : ve Gon . “6. eS = ye hope 2.04M& Rob= 2.04ma = OG hob RL < O°] Approximate Common Base Hy bid Modek DN OOOO Te @ Rs Eg. hb hpoTe Vew Re ® i a I a© sryyeral menk toh NN —_nr Atl = -Ze Te Prom Fig Te= hp Ty Are hore re 2 hye — hte thee Az' = hge Uthte Ar‘ {cey =~ chfe * 75° fy! {cep < l+hfe ne S| At' icy ro . -_ IthgeOnde, of Gwment Gains Az'feay << Ar' {ce} < Ax'fech Zz 3 Go co CB Amplifa fs Neferred as Constant Cowent Source Seuice biog Cfp Cument wil be Constanp Samre As A SIP CUMent. ® Internal SIP Rests Fan ce i~ mw ON Neo Rot = Veo = hitb [ Ri! - th=] Input Resfstance f Common Base Amp fy very small RB {ec} = sea r { Co}= bre [the if Rsleo > tye ® steal Vettaye Gata’. ISOS Avis Vo Ven = Vo vi Veo vP Avis Ari x Rul Ri! Where R's Re (from fy)Av! pee x Ru! fe hte ithe Av' = hee R,! hie From ce wo Re Appeox- At'= ~hpe Ri’ = hfe Av'= — -hpe Re! hie | Av'l = hee Ru! hive Maymitude o Voltage Gafn of CE wlo Rp i Voltage Gatn of CB Amplipe © srtewal ole Settee ¢ co dnl Role Vac ° Tde Vs= ORs cht Tae tTe r hyy .C e £ Veo Ve. _ « re - = B dee Vs Ro Vac Rs+the, Tae Vsei Vs2 0 Te=-6o fy Vs=-O ify Te=o Ny hgnte =o Wy Tdc =OExact Resulp Approx. 3. Snteung] Pana. fps Bee ( honk, > 0:1) (honk, <0) ce Amplifie ~ Ar’. -Ze Aris Thee. Netrge "Te I+hobR,! 1+ hoe p/ Ar'= hge (+hge Uthpe es Ree Veo fle Wib+ bre Az! R, | Rete hipe hie. Te +hee Avie ve Ay'e Ar'x RU! Ge Ar'xRu! hge ry! b Re! Ril pe Roe Ve | Joe hey- heb bre Te hee Rs't his Ro'= & Ro! ‘Tyo! Proper hes a Common Pare Amplify aa LO ooeeeoaTErO/s ty Low x° By Unity Omen Gain Lo 4> By Voltage Gafin JS5> Common Base Ampr fs neferned 2 Current Ee Buffer Ck due to Unfty Coren Gain. _ —_— 8) CB as a Current Buffer Chr Used \for Jirpectence Matchine f MUlHstage ampli pre. arene aye MP 5 -—— {_» . | ce +—__»—__»______ oO 3 u tay Curren} C seeing) Boffer R q CRE c E 27 ‘ nd Sounce (Low Zo) Load (HPh xi)Sec fs CE wio Re pana. i : / : s Ar! To Ar: a= hg Ar’. Te, hype Ay sS a z, ~ % a € = ——— S a d on Ree hie Re) hie . h. 1 > —— 3 vu Avi Ar Ry Ay Avi Ar'xR - _ Ry Ri : oS . Le 7 £ ca ae c —s 5 i Ro . % x Ro : %Companition Ww CB. CE & cc enpguenolf Panamera cB ce ce © curent Lowest (unity) | Medium (high) | Righere gag ’ woven pe Spur © Tompederce Lowest Medium Highest @ Vo ° Voltage High Medium (High) Lowet- Gat (untty ) @ ob he iuna (High) ghere Medium (High) | Lowest Impedence / 0 Powe ain Medfum high Medium (Voltage Gaz x Wont Qain ) ie 0° 180° o° 0 Applicahion | High * Radio fre9. | pow on Audio dmrpedence Mplifie yy. paicin . ? f ef. Amp Dei Bandwid Higheot- Medium LowecpMiller's Theonem CNN OOOO PR Millers theonem % Used fon Analysts & feed back Clement whieh fs Connected bw Snpur and SIP Lerminal, 1 Millers Jheonem Sepanate the feedback element Fnto fndtvidval 1p and 6ip Lenminal fn tous €& Qnteinal Voltage G0?n. Feedback element ( 3m peden we) A Te vy =p vo © Fig ay olp Millers Jheonem 1472 Vo vy nO) 2 To = Posfrom fis a T- Vie Vo _o 2° ee Zz fom Fg by Le Veo _© zy Ta: V-0 . me from © £® Weve 2 ME Moe 2 ae z!xMi | Vi-V2 Z = a Ive Yi ee ° ' ye© t R Miller! ree oo Basic AmpY Milled's tos em goer = joc'Cr-ay z! Ree a * ' 4 cre eC t-4) Joey? 15 2 Jock $] Caz e'li-Lylor 42 a [- lp Cfn= Choe C'(1-A) Cine Jo ( ttle) Ch: trou Ans Vee © getter” Re VoMiller} Sheonen> Ee (Ac Analy cis) Ri et Rie Rey Rt ‘ t-av |Av> Sntanal Voltage Gan = fon Cég- [-av} >>] Chih Voltage Gath tn ce )ual f Millers Theorem 3. Wan NNN SS ' \ oe + ° q, 2 Fig ay Oval of xyillert Ar'= “2 ty \ Fag b>Prost &- aee From fi'g a> Vie Z'( +7) (7) Va: 2! (+12) —® From fig by Viz Rey —@® Va= XgTa —@® from @ and @ Z(Y4etgy = UZ ye LTT) q Ze (t+ B) Pal Ty Ti ie (t-Ar') 2! Whore Ar! = From ® and © LZCT+ Ta) = Tras 4452 Zante (tt Q ut ) 1 -T, -l,)x! Where ATS = Zaz (! in’) z,Vee Ve RL Re hoe (R'#Re) > 0-1 = Thvalig + Exack Analy sis Apply Gual f Millers theonenn (M?)o WW oo Genenaltsed Ye Model 3. wen OOO @ ce wlio Re Ce with b a. ce wo Be (ce witn rupee Se) semis ve Model [nc Mode) wernt TNSYou Snternal olp Resistance of BIT (any tong.) Vor | 4 | Te Whee Va = Eanty Voltage = heh Voltare Case! a ty of VAs Gfven > Tee $F (QC Analy sis ) Case 2 me th tf Vas Not given then we asiume Va = 0 ~ (39°10) Eats Vou oo Inansconductance oT f Bm= A a yall on UA |yoF or i in > gm represents the fgure oF Ment (FOM) of weuree ( srt, seer, mosFet) 2 Ym desoubes the sensibyity of MeviCe,fenotalised Xsktor current ( Collector Coment ) fs Jiven br a. mo —__— Vee/y7 Te = Tepo fe 1 dm: ete Vee Vee lyy VT a Ie >> Teno x Te mex 2c mx Te ns VT neal dy amos 4 ia% Ice IMA Vt 25 mV gm: IMA . 0-04 AlVolF 2smv gm: 40MA [Vor § mM Kybmg Mode! WN Tes Lama (Find fr trea Medel ) Vr- 26mv mA ae A 0-05 A voip 8 a ¥ m= SOMAlYoIE f (te) Tee f (Ge Analysis)Prom examinahion joint ¥ views. We Want that 3. 9) Va Should mor be given Fe Var@ =? Youw Fy Gm shold be given ie no need of OC Anatypti Yq = gnternal Jip Reststance F %e model where pe Sc went aaen gm= Franscon ductance [Bo bre= Pa] Later to a the 8) 2 Ve " f ( gm) | gm = fF (8c Anatysis) i" |= = fF (9c Analysis) TYViz Snternal SIP voltage Ye Model aN Voltage across nn Internal Sper Resistance 4 ce Sele Ret given pa Rie VEHybrid Model ewer Br here> *° Gm = so mAl¥ Ree t= SSO = 1000 somalv | Re= tz hfe Ne ee © Snieural Voltage gafn Hh giver by Ay= Vo. ve x ° aa Yo 4 Noy Ve 4 gm¥n =O vo Re RL Vof ty bot = GmVie ° { not Ret aa Viz Vit v ft, tal b= “dmv? 4 hat Re +RTERE "Yo I Re R= i ( vas ©) f Vas NeF given To= \ Rte Re UR u'smo need to atvonll >In Te Model, there ts bcoz in Ye mode} Meyyal Cwreenp aain (Az) Te Bac ts given which % nano FE b Boz te wh ts Te Pos Te Lh tT fe te Pac= Bac= p =? Ehen we Use same Valve oF b for AC and dC Analysis. ®- Gnteanal olp Resistance fs given by 8- RRO oem Dan Rot Vac Dade lyse o bom f 9 Vc = « V8 Vr VretRsty Vs= 0 ** boo i? Virz0 ry Ginvn= 0 (0¢) AVY Ro = FoSnternal Approximate 3. Pana of CE u Hybnd Model Ve Model wlo Re @ Ar’ “Ze Aris ~hye Aq'= -B Tp 1 . OR; = Ven vi Ri = hie ee ee Ty 4, a @Ay 7 be Az'x Re! Av’: Ar'xX R,! “ ar Avi = ~gmR,! @rcz Vae. : Role Vor | Va Ta, T, Tac sed Ro = 0 ; eal Ro = %=00 (Yazoo)CE Wrth Re (ce wrth Un bypassed Re ) Ampliper oor OAR YW ora > oo ' Rue Rell,Sn CE wrth Rp 3- Assume !- Vaz © 0 pe Yor Sn kein Moos * * hee tyTo- pl, = Pac Ip OR ie = Bac te Tce PT Interna] 1. te. Cument Ay Th P Gat 3 Interna] coment Gafn 7S fr dependent from RE Inteqnal SIP Reshtance : - wer ON ™ rie VE tT, vee Tpvn + (ttp) Ty, Re Ni vit Ctitp) Re t,* [Res Vrt+ Citp) Re ze bie ekgp) = hfe (thy) Re (Hybrid |).Av': Vo ve Voz -Te RL! Vo= —§m Vir Ry! x a = §mR! Va Xx a Vo xv? es Vi = Tox wr Ve= NE xr Trt (trp IRE Vo = “Gm Vr 8! rXN Yo: “hm RX v " —___ VT +148) Re—§m Tk! M+ Cp) Re oe Av's Artix Ru Rj! “px Ru! Ry! Avis ~p* Re! int (1+p) RE Be “Jmur Gon vir RL! dor an + Ci+p) Re§nteyna! CIP Resistance wer Ro'= Vole Tdc lvs=o0 from iy Vs T- Vs Retr + (hp) Re Vir= Ly Ur 7B G@m¥n=0 (0c) Vid Rg = 0t . . Internal Pana. Approximate Hy bnid 3. of CE with Mode} Ye Mode] Re i) Ar’: ~Ze Az'= —hge- Ar'= -B Ty, ORE Yon. VE RP hie + (+hpe ) Re Rete Fr + Cltp) Re L DAg'= Aa/eR | Av's Ark Ri! Avis Ax'x Rul Vo i Ri! vi Aviz —Ri! Ave -BRI 9 -R Re or +U4p)Re Re (Cpa y @ Ro Ve | Tae \y_ Ro= # Ro's 0 (Yazoo ) a hy bod Model hie — Ye Mode} Tr- 7 se ‘ “Am! Ay = \TeJ ote ~ VT dVee 8m = eststance Synamic R Ve = oVoe aVoe | aes aad NT Wr. ut = Te+To e= ra renter —s =I fo v 2smVv, Vez = = Q6my Ve - 7ve F Re rf namic Emitta At Resi tance Resistance dpends ™ KC CwreneGATE Ec 2008 3. a a Common Sara @ & In the foltowtog Xsistoy kt | Vee= O7V, Rex Yex Bee B and atl the Capacitances ane € very lage > We> Vv Ql Fhe ave of CC wwenp Te % Ay IMA B> 2mA Cy SMA Dy 1omA 9 Q@2 dhe mid band Voltage gain Ff Amptia Gpprox. A> ~-180° BD - 128 cy $0" Dy -60Ae . cument Lp 3- ES ee Alewtation FENN 8. iy Mire AC Signa (SIP on O/P) = © Vin= oO Vo = 0 ty Cap = O-C $V 3K 20K Te lok 2.3K Modifred DC eqn cke nwa Vine 9x10 3Vv lor20° Ree 201110 Rett 6. 66kaBe exhemelty lage Caiven) | te Bee ie Tp=o Te= Te Calwlation of Midband Voltare Gafn ‘- INNO NPR OOOO fy be Supply =O {fy Cap S. $c i. Given CApaci tonees are extremely lowe; 2 Re Fig cE wlo Re ( CE with bypone ) Modifred AC eq. ckE a aNaovaven VinSmtr nal Voltage Gain, Ay'= Yo, 3. otal Voltage Gain, Av= Ve Vin From vy Rezo ( Sdeat Voltage Source) “Vine Vi! re gnernal VG = gotal Voltage Qarn Internal i a a Pe given. byt a =f —__ Vo 2 -§mR,' = ~Ri! aie) __ Whine [" 25mv (Given ) DC emriHer Curent ie Oc analychs Ps neg Yer Asmy¥ be Aca fore Aly sr IMA a | me 25-0 from iy RLU Rell Rp RU SKISK [Rsk |Avy's 7 dmRu's Ru! ¥e Av's = 18k fo25 a Av': -1sD0 ay Ge 10° bor ce Conf. » Mid@ond Voltage Gath = Max. Gain of AmpY = Mag 4 Voltage Gain = al - 60 mCommon Gata @l to 4 3. Consider CE Bar Amplifier shown fy below oy Given Va looV | p= 100 2 12Vv 6k t Vo Vs Se Spating” points ae A>(0-85mA, 2.3y) BY (0-gsmA, 6-3V) Cy (9s mA, 23V) Dy (1.sma, 63V) @2 he SIP Resistance Rew Ay 1-85 ka By 2-7ka Cy S-8ka DD 08S KR QZ he Olp Resktanee Row IS AD 6k By S-Tka Cy) SGka_ DD los Ko GK he Smraiy smal voltage Gain Volu Ty approx. AY -107 cy -307 B? -207 x -4o7save O Cafolation va pore Soing (De Analyst ) LS Ty Vs=Vo=0 i Cop = oc Rr = RillRes SIO KS Vti= VecxRez 0-756 V Ri FRI Te= Tort ~ 0-756 + 590% Tg +0: F =0 Te = 0.00549mAIps BIg = 100X 0.00949 LA t2- 6rer Wee Vee = 12- 6K 0-949 (KeEmeshay) Pperatng poink (TerVee) = (° SuymA, 6.3v ) Ans ® Caleta c pwlabien 4 AC Porameten (Rew, Row, Ron Veltae dain de Supply = 0 => =o > Cap — sc Fiq CE WI0 RpModified Ac ¢4. ChE Vo Ron Note: of the % ne inf. 4 iow, we take bota| oP Impedence. D> Riv Internal ResPtance F CE Wo Re Ri tr ee & him fine (tcl. 2 9SMA — OL0765 ALY Vr RemVv ~ iim = 866 malvRie tr- 100 © 8.738 kan Ea jm = 86S | Ris 273 kA From Fy Rins 3k TL Ri! Rin = S-I9kK I 273 | Ran = 86 kn] Ans ° = WV, Ro Sntenal OlP Resfitance = YO= A Te Yo. 10° 0.95mA | = loc. 26 kay if Va ts Nok given thay, Vaz Pe YorosRon: Ro! HR Ron = los. 26 116 [Rom= 6-67 ka } Am from Fig Internal Voltage Qaty = Sotal Veltape Gain of Ampr. {-- Rs= ot Snternal Vottare Gain f (& wl Re ' Av’: mn! Lo = 10S-26K where Res Yell RollRy - 6K * . Rp: 10S 26 KN 6K Il © = nop given & re sin R's S.67k Ave “gm Rv : ~ 365 aon S67 KN | a = - 207 Jin aQ@ Consider ce BIT Ampy Shown fn below fy 3. Find the Seneowin ampr para: DOR? 2> Ro 2 i Voltage gain Vo Smal] signal ye gain Ye 42 Small Signal WME Jain ae Solve From #5 - % ce with Re ify Seg Bras | voltage divide Bias CKE tity Rszo re Vo, Me ve Vs Aviz Av yy Yos @ ¢ Va = Not given )AC foatyss ~ fy Ge Supply = 0 17) Cap = $e Rm S6KI 122k = loork & I9K Ri Ro Ry'= 0 { * with Ref Ro: Ro U2K = CM 2k = 2K [Ro= 2kSntrnal GIP Resistance Ff CE with Ree Th + (itp) Re Ae gm = \te] VT eltin fe C86 ae) $)Vs2 Vox? rev Ww CAp 0.6 2K SOK 122K OOK ReVin= vey Ru 10k lov aK Te lok 7 pez ree te ov '7Ev ~ \7€ + fern = (It BIg O-UK rh thee ~h78+ 10s +0.7 FO-YXIEIT Tg= 09-0214 ma [m= 2iuma| ee 214 gm MA. 00829 AV 26 mvvr P cm T= 120 Ue bk kD Ree Tr + CIitp) Re 1+looJX 0 Reis 12 + (+t o) q _—_—_—_—_ Re’: G16) ka from rg Re: lo UW Ri’ (SE Intunal Voltage Qain of CE with Rer- Ay's Ar’x Ru! or ’ Avis “BX Ru! eek vn + (itp) Rewhere 2k Ri’: Rez ef GtbIk Avs -100x2 41-6) [ae ~4.80 | (smau) > CE with Rp s_ DY Becneaces Voltage Gain 27 Inmeases the /p Resistance eument Gain’ Aa 2 otal AnnRR Ar: te T i Ar- To x Ze = fo, & Zo Lo 4” F yt 10k = GI) x CA) x Tok FRI To = (-1)x (+p) * 1044-61Ty gos (Ar) = CR) Pew Pace Ss hee Bucs Te = hee Ip Q She transconductance gf the XsFtor shown en the fo % toms The Vawe of Sp Resistanae Rin is Ay 10k c7 SK BY 83K Pp? Asksolve CE WO Re COfiwation (bypassed Re) oo Ri! Rin Ure Pf moe ° gm loms Re’ 2) Ska Rin = ek Rin = SK HSK [Rms as kn An Reis mop given FEE Cone fix) do Av's “gmk! = - dm? ——et @ In the ampY tke Shoon in below fp And and =the Daves Ff Cr and Cz Vee = o.7V Pp Ff the ole Xsistor & the extremely high. > 1ov Sf tne ampr 9 destoned such ther at the Quiseent Pome Vez Wee where vee js the pow Supply Voltage. Sts smal s"gna) Veltare gain Se | vin will be Solve Ve Ce with Re con}. C Uabypossed Re ) From hy Rs=O © Qmtepnal Voltaye Gain = External [Lota| Vol rye GainInternal Voltage Gafn of Ce with Re fs Siven by 3. Avis Vouk, , Ar'xR! Vin! RP! = -px RI rr + (148) Re Ave Vouk — BR! vin Tr +CItB) Re 9 from bon Vin'e Vin R= Re B: 0 Carven ) he (1+p)Re 22 UrF Calculation of Resfitamoes ( Re & Re) A OSE Lb osbkn- + oA we= $Y pov oo 2) i it Tp =O P B . Tes T =Te Tere - os Vv los ToR eo HOS Toke > U.s¥Vout | _ Ro 3 Ans Vin Re = ioe Sn CE with Re firs Check p> TF Bro phe Aye ~ Re! { boos (+B) Re >> Re fF B= finite then v's Ar'x Re! Ri! Pow gare 2012 Q She Voltaye Gain Av F below py the CkE Shown fh 137V 12K c JooK |__4 Vo fe Ly [Bzt8° Jok vi ~e A> [Avl = 200 cr Av eX pm 1Avps © ay | Av| S leoSolve ae “ww “ce wo Re cong. B= too Roe NOK (_ Pracrcal Vortage source ) je Snprnal Voltage aan Z gotal Voltage Gain 9n ternal Voltage qan Av! = Vo 2 vi! Jotal Volkare aan, Av= Vo vi Peedback Resistor = [ookn it Apply Milloys Theorem @tose /00ka Hesists Pred AC ef CKP 8- Modiped 12SJn Case Ff Miller's Jheovem!- we assume | | -Av'] »] fe | se Av! he at -lL «4. Av! me 10k « 100 K From fy a —— R= 100K IK fom) kA Av'e 4m Re! 2 t i yy jnowo uuden ow & goer (m= IZ] e VrCalwlahin fF Te ( de Analysis ) 3. VN NOON OOS 7 13.7Vv TotTe Te Vie 13-72 12 (Taf 1007s) + 100xtg +07 % 13. «101 xI2@t_ F 102Tg Tg v 9.9 x10? MA G- Big- 0-99 MA Tex OIGMA _1mA . Uk [MA 9.08846 Al Volt (jm Vr = b6mY : —re [-av']= 4.92 SJ je OWT astumphon 75 lovrete- Ri ne pt = 26k. gm - 38. U6MAly ete 2. 6k from 15 R- foo | loo - 0-242 ka 1-Av! (+ Gua2 [R= 0.249 kn eat peo 2ueka I Ri! Ree 02ugka I 26kAve Vo = Vo x vit vF vit vi . Av’ x vi‘ Ree lOK vi EF -dtnga x Rie ‘| 7 RItR re) = 0-221K ° ~ -uusox 0 28tk O-22IK4 10K [ a = -8.90 — { wio Millers Dheoren Coleen of Yotaye tole ier) Zero 13.70Ye Model * we To= ‘n= £ gm §m- Vel VT Te= IMA from dE Amatysis Gime 3846 MA[WoltE n= 2.6 Kr KeL (Vo)" Moy 38-46 vn + Ver¥m 5 12 /100 Va- Vi, vr, Vite Ve 4 Va Z To aot je ° Ker (vir) =100Vo + 6152 vq + 12V2 —)2vT= 9 (oo+12) Vo = (e- MbIER Nn Vo Lo 411.96 viv Vi = ~2u2 x10 Vo _ QuExId Vo & Ze bo — Qu 2xto VorVs iro boa Qn -2.u2xlo 'Vo-Vi to 2.4.2 157 Vo- O.NV; }02Vo — 2-4 2KI5Vo —o-o1VdVe Model Result for Common concctow fg ell ENNIO NOON Y Internal Para. Approximate Hybnid Ve Modes ii Mode! Amp lift DA “te Ar'= Ithe Aq's Lip Te > Ro’ Von eto hiet (ttheye! t, Rite hiet fe Ry Re T+ (4p) R, | Dav's Ve i vi Ave ABR! Av's (4p)! “ Trt tep)R,! b ® pede Vac 1 Ro: Rs' + hie Ro'= Rgl-+ Wy MeN “Le bpe +p if Tr > Rs! Role Fn. Yn PoP Ro! = 4 8mVe Model Resulk for Common Base Ampiigice LS wre we > ~V~ wr Internal Pana Approximate Hybnd of Amplipr Mode| eee © Ar': -Le Ay'= hye Ars B® Te [+b fe lp ® Ris Ven R?'e hie Role FL treid a Ithpe itp PB gm Ay's Yo. te q @ Av a Avie Ar Ru! Av'= VER ang! Ril M4 =— Ro'= © @ Ro= Vie l.. Idefr below fg, Assume fn Athve Region a pare Ff Xs Ts povs ob yard @ An amp” cee fe Shown tnat the Xsietor Werks She low fee small signal ane Qm= 2omS | peso | Vee. =P S “i © |—____» Vo 2k te Voltaye Gain Ave VO of tne ampr. Vi What 7s A> 0-367 By 0.3976 cy 0-989 vy o- 9398 Solve co Ampli ha vw so - 20™M5 me tre Ae Se Poe yv om wn = PSKFound) _ Noltage Garh av Vo. (1tp) Ru! vi T+ CitpR, | Ay: (J+) 8 2000 Qe SIX 2 Av': 0-576 Av= No - otal Voltare Gain vr _ Ave Vo. Vo x Mi vi vil ow > Aix Mi ve Av = Avi x Ri Re'#Rs RL rt(tt pyr! = 10as ka Ava 0976 KX (OHS Av= 0.966 AnsCompe eR HOA (© Ty denna] Voltage Gorn 4 Jotal voltage Gain Av' A Av Smterna} Voltaze Gain, Avs 0-976 we know that JOtal Voltage Gain << Inkernal Voltare Gain Fron) Op Kon AY Avs 0366 AneBite Tat%) Re =O + TeRe +V6E + (Tort) - VBe -— Vee -— IRE fe (Rot Re} = Vee € fa: Vea - Vow ~TeRe_ Ret Re Te mace ot Ret Re $= Itp J- p 2Ja Oe ie (+P 1+ pee Re +Re . Ri Rez Rte RIA Fe = = —— (1+p) (Ret Re) Ret Re (tp) Ret Re Ct)Sa 8 /+B x | ( Sof) = max S1abe- 1 tp Fon high Stability. Ro Re Re << RE <<