CHAPTER 4

This chapter presents the data gathered from the responses of the questionnaire. The data

were presented in tabular form. These were analyzed and interpreted according to sequence and

order of presentation of the problems of the study.

Question No. 1 What is the profile of respondents in terms of; economic status, gender and

age?

Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of economic status. It has been

shown that most of the respondents have a family net monthly income of Php 15,000 – Php.

19,999 and Php. 20,000 – Php. 24,999 with frequency count of 14 each or 28% each of total

respondents.

Based on the study conducted, net income won’t matter in sending their children in

school. Even families with high net income will prefer sending their children in public colleges,

not just for free tuition fees and other government aids, but because public schools have the same

level or have passed the standards of private colleges.

According to Primer (2015) most of families even those who have the capability to send

their children to Private colleges would still prefer to send their children to a free-tuition fee

institution not just to save more but also they believed that public schools can now give their

children the same learning just the same as those provided by Private colleges.

Table 1. Number of Respondents in Terms of Economic Status

Monthly Income Frequency Count Percentage

Php. 9,999 and below 12 24.00%

Php. 10,000 – Php. 14,999 9 18.00%

 Php. 15,000 – Php. 19,999 14 28.00%

Php. 20,000 – Php. 24,999 14 28.00%

Php. 30,000 and above 1 2.00%

Total 50 100%

Table 2 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of gender. It shows that most of

the respondents of the study were males. Based on the data gathered, there were 36 males which

is 72% of the total percentage of respondents and only 14 females which is 28% of the total

percentage of respondents.

In the study conducted, most of the students who participated are males. In the

Philippines, the leading courses that male students would take up are criminology, engineering

and IT related courses. These courses are accessible in Local Public Colleges, with the same

degree of learning to private colleges. In fact, public colleges have produced top board passers

just like Private colleges.

According to Bryce (2014) most males were sent to local public colleges by their parents

because they have a higher tendency to have inconsiderable behaviors that greatly affect

academics compared to females. Bordette (2017) also added that most males will have courses

that are available in public colleges.

Additionally, Madrigal and Morcohos (2017) made a study on gender relation between

Public College and State Universities and in Private Universities and Colleges. The study was

done through random distribution of survey forms in over 15 public colleges and universities and

Private institutions. It was found out that more female are in private universities, especially those

who are taking up medicines and other bachelor sciences courses. Trinidad (2015) also stated
that most males are in public colleges and universities because most of the courses available are

those they are inclined with.

Table 2. Number of respondents in terms of gender

Gender Frequency Count Percentage

Male 36 72.00%

Female 14 28.00%

Total 50 100%

Table 3 shows the distribution of respondents in terms of age. Based on the gathered data,

most of the participants in the study conducted were 19 years old and above with 48 frequency

count or 96% of the total number of respondents.

The respondents of the study are all first year students, fresh graduates from Senior High

School and the first batch of graduates from the time K-12 was approved.

Based on Chan (2017) the students who will enter college under K-12 program will be 18

years and above. They are expected to be more knowledgeable, matured and wise that they can

choose freely the course that will fit on them and not by the choice of others.

Table 3. Number of respondents in terms of age

Age Frequency Count Percentage

15 years old 0 0.00%

16 years old 0 0.00%

17 years old 0 0.00%

18 years old 2 4.00%

19 years old and above 48 96.00%

 Total 50 100%

Question No. 2. What are the factors affecting student exodus from private local colleges to

state universities as perceived by JRMSU students in terms of; R.A. 10931,

quality education and school facilities?

Table 4 shows the factors affecting student exodus from private local colleges to state

universities. Based on the data gathered, the factor with highest mean is R.A 10931 also known

as Free Tuition Act for Public Universities and Colleges. It obtained an average mean of 4.47.

The highest reason under R.A 10931 is that Tuition fees in local public universities are free with

a mean of 4.82. It was followed by Quality Education with an average mean of 4.20, and lastly

school facilities with an average mean of 3.85.

Students who participated in the study do studied in JRMSU-Dipolog Campus because of

the free tuition Fees, making it inexpensive for them to study and have the opportunity to finish

college. Most of the students provided a strongly agree reaction on four out of five reasons under

R.A. 10931. Thus, making it the main reason why students choose to study in local public

colleges rather than in Private Institutions.

Mainly, the result reflects on the Economic Theory, which suggests that competition

leads to lower prices—a big positive for consumers. This theory explains three reasons relating

to college tuition fees.

Cruz (2018) said that surveys have shown that poverty is the main reason why there are a

lot of students who are unable to pursue college. The passage of the Republic Act No. 10931 and

other government aids is expected to alleviate the number of out of school youth and

undergraduates from all over the Philippines.

 Looking at the result of the study, Dissent (2015) said that Free college is not a new idea,

but, with higher education costs (and student loan debt) dominating public perception, it’s one

that appeals to more and more people. He added that College is the domain of the relatively

privileged, and will likely stay that way for the foreseeable future, even if tuition is eliminated.

Additionally, Benson and Algue (2016) study investigates the factors contributing to all

types of quality and economic measures in both Philippine public colleges and state universities

and in private colleges. They conducted a survey held in different areas of Rizal province with

300 parents as participants. The main goal of the study is to distinguish the quality and economic

factors that would affect the decision of parents with regards to sending their students to school.

It was found out that 85.36 percent of the participants preferred to send their students to local

public colleges and universities because it is much cheaper compared to local Private universities

and colleges. The provided result also showed that 67.32 percent of the parents agree that the

quality of education provided by the local public colleges and state universities is as same level

as the quality of education provided by local private colleges. They have concluded that parents

would choose to send their college students to local public colleges and universities because they

can save money and their children will just get the same learning as those who are enrolled in

private college institutions and private universities.

Table 4. Factors Affecting Student Exodus From Private Local Colleges to State

Universities

Factors Mean Description

R.A 10931
1 Tuition fees in local public universities are 4.82 Strongly Agree
free.
2 Miscellaneous fees in local public 4.76 Strongly Agree
universities are free
3 Private colleges are expensive 4.44 Strongly Agree

4 Private colleges, aside from tuition fees ask Strongly Agree

for more fees at a higher cost compared to 4.32
Local Public Universities
5 Other School fees in Local Public Agree
Universities such as library cards and 4.00
identification cards are also free
4.47 Strongly Agree

Quality Education
1 Local Public Colleges and Universities have 4.18 Agree
more well trained and experienced teachers
2 The way of teaching in Local Private 4.06 Agree
Colleges and Universities are the same as
local public universities
3 Many teachers prefer to teach in Local 4.22 Strongly Agree
Public Universities than in Local Private
Colleges
4 Local Public Colleges and Universities are 4.36 Strongly Agree
now producing large number of board passers
just like in Local Private Colleges
5 Local Public Universities offer almost the 4.16 Agree
same courses as with local private colleges
4.20 Agree
School Facilities
1 Computers are now easily accessed in Local 4.42 Strongly Agree
Public Universities unlike before which are
only available in local private colleges
2 Well facilitated Science and Forensic 3.70 Agree
Laboratories are now available in Local
Public Universities
3 Well ventilated and clean rooms are also 3.62 Agree
available in Local Public Universities
4 Updated books and references are also 3.60 Agree
available in Local Public University Libraries
5 Local Public Universities have the tendency 3.92 Agree
to have faster progression in terms if facilities
because it is administered by the government
3.85 Agree
Grand Mean 4.17 Agree

Legend:

Weight Range of Values Description

5 4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 – 3.40 Undecided

2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree

Question No. 3 Is there a significant difference between the factors affecting student exodus

from private local colleges to state universities and the respondents profile when grouped

according to; economic status, gender and age?

Table 5 shows if there significant differences on the factors affecting student exodus from

private colleges to Local public universities. Based on the table, it shows that there is no

significant difference when grouped according to Economic Status, there is no significant

difference when grouped according to gender and there is no significant difference when

grouped according to age.

Based on the gathered data, comparing the p-value of each factors to its constants,

Economic Status has a p-value of 0.014, lesser than the constant of 0.05 which is interpreted as

No Significant Difference and that Hypothesis was accepted. In Gender, the p-value is 0.011 still

lesser compared to constant value of 0.05, it is interpreted again as No Significant Difference and
that the hypothesis is still accepted. Lastly, Age has 0.026 still lesser than the constant 0.05

having it an interpretation of No Significant difference and that Hypothesis is still accepted.

This has been viewed that the factors being differentiated is related to each other. This

means that these factors; Economic Status, Gender and Age has something to do with the

decision as to why most students and parents would prefer studying in local public universities

than in local private colleges.

Peters (2012) said that different factors really affects one decision, and that is no different

in terms of choosing what one person believe is best for one.

Table 5. Test Difference of Factors Affecting Student Exodus from Private Colleges to

Local Public Universities

Factors Compared Factors Affecting Student Exodus from Private Colleges to Local
Public Universities
Action/
Respondents’ Profile α p-value x2 Interpretation
Decision
Economic Status 0.05 0.014 0.0279 No Significant Ho was accepted
Difference
Gender 0.05 0.011 0.0221 No Significant Ho was accepted
Difference
Age 0.05 0.026 0.0506 No Significant Ho was accepted
Difference