4G LTE vs 5G NR

Technology & System

RATMA WAHYUDI
ITU Perspective – IMT 2020

 Early 2012, ITU-R embarked on a global program

to develop “IMT for 2020 and beyond”.
 Setting the stage for 5G research activities that are
emerging around the world
 Report ITU-R M.2320 – “Future technology trends of
terrestrial IMT systems” (Nov 2014)

 September 2015, ITU-R finalized “Vision” of the

5G mobile broadband connected society.

 Recommendation ITU-R M.2083 – “Framework

and overall objectives of the future
development of IMT for 2020 and beyond” (Sep
2015).
 Defined the “usage scenarios” for IMT 2020 and beyond
 Instrumental in setting the agenda for the World
Radiocommunication Conference 2019
ITU Perspective – IMT 2020

 February 2017 – ITU completed a cycle of studies

on the key performance requirements of 5G
technologies for IMT-2020.

 November 2017 – adopted Report ITU-R M.2410,

“Minimum requirements related to technical
performance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s)”.
 describes those key requirements for the minimum technical
performance of IMT-2020 candidate radio interface
technologies

 Candidate radio technologies – including 3GPP NR

and a combination of LTE +NR - will be evaluated
against these performance requirements utilizing
Report ITU-R M.2412, (Nov 2017) “Guidelines for
evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-
2020”, which establishes defined evaluation
criteria & scenarios.
REQUIREMENT COMPARISON
IMT 2020 VS IMT Advanced vs 3GPP

Parameters ITU-R ITU-R 3GPP 3GPP

IMT-2020 IMT-Advanced LTE-A Pro New radio (NR)
Technology

Bandwidth Up to 1GHz Up to 100 MHz Up to 640MHz Up to 1 GHz

DL 20 Gbps DL 1.5 Gbps DL 3 Gbps DL 20 Gbps

Peak data rate
UL 10 Gbps UL 0.675 Gbps UL 1.5 Gbps UL 10 Gbps

DL 30 bit/s/Hz DL 15 bit/s/Hz DL 30 bps/Hz DL 30 bit/s/Hz

Peak spectral efficiency
UL 15 bit/s/Hz UL 6.75 bit/s/Hz UL 15 bps/Hz UL 15 bit/s/Hz

User plane latency Max: 4 ms Max: 10 ms Max: 2ms Max: 0.5 ms

Control plane latency Max: 20 ms Max: 100 ms Max: 50 ms Max: 10 ms

LTE/NR Architecture

AMF/UPF AMF/UPF

5GC

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

NG
NG

NG

NG
S1

S1
N

NG

NG
G G
N
S1

S1

Xn NG-RAN
X2 E-UTRAN gNB gNB
eNB eNB

Xn

Xn
X2

X2

Xn
ng-eNB ng-eNB
eNB

• The eNBs are interconnected with each other by • The gNBs and ng-eNBs are interconnected with each other
means of the X2 interface by means of the Xn interface
• The eNBs are also connected by means of the S1 • The gNBs and ng-eNBs are also connected by means of the
interfaces to the EPC NG interfaces to the 5GC
LTE/NR Waveform
1. LTE Waveform 1. NR Waveform
 DL waveform : OFDM  DL waveform : OFDM
 UL waveform : OFDM or SC-FDMA  UL waveform : OFDM or SC-FDMA
 OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios  OFDM targeted at high throughput scenarios
 SC-FDMA targeted at power limited scenarios  SC-FDMA targeted at power limited scenarios

2. LTE Multiple Access 2. NR Multiple Access

 Orthogonal multiple access  Orthogonal multiple access
 Non - Orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) not
supported in Rel.15
3. LTE Bandwidth
 Maximum CC bandwidth is 20 MHz
 Maximum number of sub-carrier is 1200 3. NR Bandwidth
 2048-FFT is needed  Maximum CC bandwidth is 400 MHz
 Maximum number of CC is 5 (current) or 32 (later)  Maximum number of sub-carrier is 3300
 4097-FFT is needed
 Maximum number of CC is 16
4. LTE Modulation
 Data : QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM for DL/UL and 256-QAM
for DL only (plan supported 1024-QAM in R16) 4. NR Modulation
 Non-Data : BPSK, QPSK, ZC  Data : QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM for DL/UL and 256-QAM
for DL only
 Non-Data : BPSK, QPSK, ZC
LTE/NR - Basic Numerology

 LTE: A single 15 KHz subcarrier spacing

 Normal and extended cyclic prefix Rel-15 supports the following numerologies

µ ∆f = 𝟐µ . 15 KHz Cyclic Prefix

 NR supports sub-1GHz to several 10 GHz spectrum
0 15 KHz Normal
range
1 30 KHz Normal
 Multiple OFDM numerologies required
2 60 KHz Normal, Extended
 Flexible subcarrier spacing (SCS) always a factor of
3 120 KHz Normal
15KHz where
 µ varies from 0 to 4 ( Δf = 2µ ∙15 KHz ) 4 240 KHz Normal

 Scaled from LTE numerology Spectrum Data [KHz] SSB [KHz]

 Higher subcarrier spacing  Shorter symbols and < 6 GHz 15, 30, 60 15, 30
 cyclic prefix
> 6 GHz 60, 120 120, 240
 Extended cyclic prefix only standardized for 60 KHz

NR SCS :

Symbol length 71.36 µs 35.67 µs 17.84 µs 8.92 µs 4.46 µs

Frame Structure
One frame, Tframe = 10 ms

One subframe, Tsubframe = 1 ms

#0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9

Δf=15 kHz Frame structure for LTE

One slot, 1 ms

Δf=30 kHz
One slot, 0.5 ms

Δf=60 kHz
One slot, 0.25 ms

Δf=120 kHz
One slot, 0.125 ms

Δf=240 kHz
One slot, 0.0625 ms
LTE Operating Bands
Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band
E-UTRA E-UTRA
BS receive BS transmit Duplex BS receive BS transmit Duplex
Operatin Operatin
UE transmit UE receive Mode UE transmit UE receive Mode
g Band g Band
FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high
1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD 29 N/A 717 MHz – 728 MHz FDD2
2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD 30 2305 MHz – 2315 MHz 2350 MHz – 2360 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD 31 452.5 MHz – 457.5 MHz 462.5 MHz – 467.5 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz – 1755 MHz 2110 MHz – 2155 MHz FDD 32 N/A 1452 MHz – 1496 MHz FDD2
5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894MHz FDD 33 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz 1900 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
6 830 MHz – 840 MHz 875 MHz – 885 MHz FDD 34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD
7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD 35 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz TDD
8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD 36 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz TDD
9 1749.9 MHz – 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz – 1879.9 MHz FDD 37 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz 1910 MHz – 1930 MHz TDD
10 1710 MHz – 1770 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD 38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
11 1427.9 MHz – 1447.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz – 1495.9 MHz FDD 39 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
12 699 MHz – 716 MHz 729 MHz – 746 MHz FDD 40 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz TDD
13 777 MHz – 787 MHz 746 MHz – 756 MHz FDD 41 2496 MHz 2690 MHz 2496 MHz 2690 MHz TDD
14 788 MHz – 798 MHz 758 MHz – 768 MHz FDD 42 3400 MHz – 3600 MHz 3400 MHz – 3600 MHz TDD
15 Reserved Reserved FDD 43 3600 MHz – 3800 MHz 3600 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD
16 Reserved Reserved FDD 44 703 MHz – 803 MHz 703 MHz – 803 MHz TDD
17 704 MHz – 716 MHz 734 MHz – 746 MHz FDD 45 1447 MHz – 1467 MHz 1447 MHz – 1467 MHz TDD
18 815 MHz – 830 MHz 860 MHz – 875 MHz FDD 46 5150 MHz – 5925 MHz 5150 MHz – 5925 MHz TDD8
19 830 MHz – 845 MHz 875 MHz – 890 MHz FDD 47 5855 MHz – 5925 MHz 5855 MHz – 5925 MHz TDD11
20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD 48 3550 MHz – 3700 MHz 3550 MHz – 3700 MHz TDD
21 1447.9 MHz – 1462.9 MHz 1495.9 MHz – 1510.9 MHz FDD …
22 3410 MHz – 3490 MHz 3510 MHz – 3590 MHz FDD 64 Reserved
23 2000 MHz – 2020 MHz 2180 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD 65 1920 MHz – 2010 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD
24 1626.5 MHz – 1660.5 MHz 1525 MHz – 1559 MHz FDD 66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD4
25 1850 MHz – 1915 MHz 1930 MHz – 1995 MHz FDD 67 N/A 738 MHz – 758 MHz FDD2
26 814 MHz – 849 MHz 859 MHz – 894 MHz FDD 68 698 MHz – 728 MHz 753 MHz – 783 MHz FDD
27 807 MHz – 824 MHz 852 MHz – 869 MHz FDD 69 N/A 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz FDD2
28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD 70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD10
NR Operating Bands in FR1 & FR2
NR Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex Operating Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex
operatin BS receive / UE transmit BS transmit / UE receive Mode Band BS receive / UE transmit BS transmit / UE receive Mode
g band FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high FUL_low – FUL_high FDL_low – FDL_high

n1 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz FDD

n2 1850 MHz – 1910 MHz 1930 MHz – 1990 MHz FDD n257 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz 26500 MHz – 29500 MHz TDD
n3 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz 1805 MHz – 1880 MHz FDD n258 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz 24250 MHz – 27500 MHz TDD
n5 824 MHz – 849 MHz 869 MHz – 894 MHz FDD
n7 2500 MHz – 2570 MHz 2620 MHz – 2690 MHz FDD n260 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz 37000 MHz – 40000 MHz TDD
n8 880 MHz – 915 MHz 925 MHz – 960 MHz FDD
n12 699 MHz – 716 MHz 729 MHz – 746 MHz FDD n261 27500 MHz – 28350 MHz 27500 MHz – 28350 MHz TDD
n20 832 MHz – 862 MHz 791 MHz – 821 MHz FDD
n25 1850 MHz – 1915 MHz 1930 MHz – 1995 MHz FDD
n28 703 MHz – 748 MHz 758 MHz – 803 MHz FDD
n34 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz 2010 MHz – 2025 MHz TDD
n38 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz 2570 MHz – 2620 MHz TDD
n39 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz 1880 MHz – 1920 MHz TDD
n40 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz 2300 MHz – 2400 MHz TDD
n41 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz 2496 MHz – 2690 MHz TDD
n50 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz TDD1
n51 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz TDD
n66 1710 MHz – 1780 MHz 2110 MHz – 2200 MHz FDD
n70 1695 MHz – 1710 MHz 1995 MHz – 2020 MHz FDD
n71 663 MHz – 698 MHz 617 MHz – 652 MHz FDD
n74 1427 MHz – 1470 MHz 1475 MHz – 1518 MHz FDD
n75 N/A 1432 MHz – 1517 MHz SDL
n76 N/A 1427 MHz – 1432 MHz SDL
n77 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz 3300 MHz – 4200 MHz TDD
n78 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz 3300 MHz – 3800 MHz TDD
n79 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz 4400 MHz – 5000 MHz TDD
n80 1710 MHz – 1785 MHz N/A SUL
n81 880 MHz – 915 MHz N/A SUL
n82 832 MHz – 862 MHz N/A SUL
n83 703 MHz – 748 MHz N/A SUL
n84 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz N/A SUL
n86 1710 MHz – 1780MHz N/A SUL
NOTE 1: UE that complies with the NR Band n50 minimum requirements in this specification shall also
comply with the NR Band n51 minimum requirements.
LTE/NR Channel bandwidth

LTE Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB

1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20 MHz
SCS (kHz)
NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 6 15 25 50 75 100

NR Maximum transmission bandwidth configuration NRB

FR1
5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 90 MHz 100 MHz
SCS (kHz)
NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB NRB
15 25 52 79 106 133 160 216 270 N/A N/A N/A N/A
30 11 24 38 51 65 78 106 133 162 217 245 273
60 N/A 11 18 24 31 38 51 65 79 107 121 135

FR2
SCS (kHz) 50MHz 100MHz 200MHz 400 MHz
NRB NRB NRB NRB
60 66 132 264 N.A
120 32 66 132 264
Support Wider Bandwidth

 LTE  To get 100MHz bandwidth should aggregate

5 carrier of 20MHz
18 18 18 18 18  Total PRB will be 5 x 100PRB = 500PRB
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz

100MHz (5x20MHz)

 NR  To get 100MHz bandwidth can be achieved

only 1 carrier of 100MHz
 Total PRB will be ~ 540PRB
98.31 MHz  8% improvement for spectrum usage

100MHz

5G NR support wider bandwidth, higher spectrum usage and less guard band
Carrier Aggregation and Supplementary Uplink

 Carrier aggregation (up to 16 carriers)  Supplementary uplink

 Main use case: bandwidth extension  To improve UL coverage for high frequency
scenarios
Carrier aggregation Supplementary uplink DL+UL coverage

DL only coverage

SUL coverage

Cell #1 Cell #2 A single cell

UL DL + UL

NR Band frequency
NR CA Band
(Table 5.2-1) SUL High NR frequency
CA_n3A-n77A n3, n77
CA_n3A-n78A n3, n78
CA_n3A-n79A n3, n79 NR Band combination for NR Band
CA_n8A-n75A n8, n75 SUL (Table 5.2-1)
CA n8-n78A n8, n78 SUL_n78-n802 n78, n80
CA_n8A-n79A n8, n79 SUL_n78-n812 n78, n81
CA_n28A-n75A2 n28, n75 SUL_n78-n822 n78, n82
CA_n28A_n78A n28, n78 SUL_n78-n832 n78, n83
CA_n41A-n78A n41, n78 SUL_n78-n842 n78, n84
CA_n75A-n78A1 n75, n78 SUL_n78-n862 n78, n86
CA_n77A-n79A n77, n79 SUL_n79-n802 n79, n80
CA_n78A-n79A n78, n79 SUL_n79-n812 n79, n81
Bandwidth Parts

 To support UEs not capable of full carrier bandwidth

 To support bandwidth adaptation (reduced UE power consumption)
 Up to 4 bandwidth parts per carrier, one of which is active
 A UE is not supposed to receive/transmit outside the active bandwidth part
 Many parameters are configured per bandwidth part
Ultra Lean Design

LTE
 Cell specific reference signal
transmission 4x every ms
 Synchronization every 5 ms
 Broadcast every 10 ms
 Example in 20MHz bandwidth, there
Very limited capability for base station power savings due to continuous are 33,104 symbol will be occupied
transmission of cell reference signals
by PBCH/SSS/PSS/RS

NR
 No cell specific reference signals
 Synchronization every 20 ms
 Broadcast every 20 ms
 Example in 20MHz bandwidth, there
are 3,388 symbol will be occupied by
5G enables advanced base station power savings PBCH/SSS/PSS
Downlink MIMO Framework : Beam Management
Mini Slot Transmission
Basic Principle

 Slot transmission DL data

 Can start at every 7th (14th) symbol
 Have a fixed length of 7 (14) symbols

UL data

 Mini-slot transmission DL data

 Can start at any OFDM symbol
 Can have an arbitrary length
• up to some maximum value UL data
 Have a length 2, 4, 7 OFDM symbol
Downlink & Uplink Physical Channel/Signal
NR vs LTE
The mapping between logical, transport channels and
physical channels
LTE NR

RADIO LINK CONTROL (RLC) LAYER RADIO LINK CONTROL (RLC) LAYER
Control Plane User Plane Control Plane User Plane
PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH
Logical
Channel

MEDIUM ACCES CONTROL (MAC) LAYER MEDIUM ACCES CONTROL (MAC) LAYER

Transport
Channel
PCH BCH DL-SCH PCH BCH DL-SCH

PHYSICAL LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER

DCI DCI

Physical
Channel
PSS PSS PBCH PDSCH PDCCH PHICH PCFICH PSS PSS PBCH PDSCH PDCCH CSI-RS
DMRS DMRS DMRS
PT-RS
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
 PDCCH is carries information of Downlink Control Information, DCI for a particular UE or group of UEs.
 DCI provides : Downlink resource scheduling, Uplink power control instructions, uplink resource grant.
 DCI format has different types which are defined with different sizes and function.

LTE NR
 Frequency domain
 Frequency domain  Need a parameter defining the
 Control Region in LTE is always frequency domain width for
spread across the whole channel CORESET
band width,  Frequency domain width can be set
 There is no parameters defining in any value in the multiples of 2, 3,
the frequency domain region for and 6 RBs.
LTE control region  Time Domain
 Time Domain  Need the parameter for time
 Control region is defined by the domain length both in LTE in NR
physical channel called PCFICH  Flexible within TTI 14 symbol (max
 1-3 first symbol in every TTI consecutive is 3 symbol)
 Resource Allocation  Resource Allocation
 1 REG = 4 RE  1 REG = 12 RE
 1 CCE = 9 REG  1 CCE = 6 REG
 Aggregation Level  Aggregation Level
 1/2/4/8  1/2/4/8/16
5G NR Reference Signal
To increase protocol efficiency, and to keep transmissions contained within a slot or beam without having to
depend on other slots and beams, NR introduces the following four main reference signals.
 Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)
 Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS)
 Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
 Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)

Reference Signals Mapping with associated with different physical channel is depicted in following figure.

What’s new in NR compare to LTE :

1. In NR, there is not Cell specific Reference Signal
(C-RS)
2. New Reference Signal PTRS has been introduced
for Time/Frequency tracking
3. DMRS has been introduced for both downlink
and uplink channels
4. In NR, reference signals are transmitted only
when it is necessary where as in LTE constantly
exchanging reference signals to manage the link
LTE/NR 4-Bit Mapping CQI Table

4-bit CQI Table for supported 64-QAM 4-bit CQI Table for supported 256-QAM
CQI modulation code rate x efficiency CQI modulation code rate x efficiency
index 1024 index 1024
0 out of range 0 out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523 1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 120 0.2344 2 QPSK 193 0.3770
3 QPSK 193 0.3770 3 QPSK 449 0.8770
4 QPSK 308 0.6016 4 16QAM 378 1.4766
5 QPSK 449 0.8770 5 16QAM 490 1.9141
6 QPSK 602 1.1758 6 16QAM 616 2.4063
7 16QAM 378 1.4766 7 64QAM 466 2.7305
8 16QAM 490 1.9141 8 64QAM 567 3.3223
9 16QAM 616 2.4063 9 64QAM 666 3.9023
10 64QAM 466 2.7305 10 64QAM 772 4.5234
11 64QAM 567 3.3223 11 64QAM 873 5.1152
12 64QAM 666 3.9023 12 256QAM 711 5.5547
13 64QAM 772 4.5234 13 256QAM 797 6.2266
14 64QAM 873 5.1152 14 256QAM 885 6.9141
15 64QAM 948 5.5547 15 256QAM 948 7.4063

LTE and NR have same CQI mapping table

NR Slot Format
D = Downlink U = Uplink X = Flexible, can be D/U
Symbol Number in a slot
Format 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
1 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
3 D D D D D D D D D D D D D X
4 D D D D D D D D D D D D X X
5 D D D D D D D D D D D X X X
6 D D D D D D D D D D X X X X
7 D D D D D D D D D X X X X X
8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X U
9 X X X X X X X X X X X X U U
10 X U U U U U U U U U U U U U
11 X X U U U U U U U U U U U U
12 X X X U U U U U U U U U U U
13 X X X X U U U U U U U U U U
14 X X X X X U U U U U U U U U
15 X X X X X X U U U U U U U U
16 D X X X X X X X X X X X X X
17 D D X X X X X X X X X X X X
18 D D D X X X X X X X X X X X
19 D X X X X X X X X X X X X U
20 D D X X X X X X X X X X X U
21 D D D X X X X X X X X X X U
22 D X X X X X X X X X X X U U
23 D D X X X X X X X X X X U U
24 D D D X X X X X X X X X U U
25 D X X X X X X X X X X U U U
26 D D X X X X X X X X X U U U
27 D D D X X X X X X X X U U U
28 D D D D D D D D D D D D X U
29 D D D D D D D D D D D X X U
30 D D D D D D D D D D X X X U
NR Slot Format
D = Downlink U = Uplink X = Flexible, can be D/U
Symbol Number in a slot
Format 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
31 D D D D D D D D D D D X U U
32 D D D D D D D D D D X X U U
33 D D D D D D D D D X X X U U
34 D X U U U U U U U U U U U U
35 D D X U U U U U U U U U U U
36 D D D X U U U U U U U U U U
37 D X X U U U U U U U U U U U
38 D D X X U U U U U U U U U U
39 D D D X X U U U U U U U U U
40 D X X X U U U U U U U U U U
41 D D X X X U U U U U U U U U
42 D D D X X X U U U U U U U U
43 D D D D D D D D D X X X X U
44 D D D D D D X X X X X X U U
45 D D D D D D X X U U U U U U
46 D D D D D D X D D D D D D X
47 D D D D D X X D D D D D X X
48 D D X X X X X D D X X X X X
49 D X X X X X X D X X X X X X
50 X U U U U U U U U U U U U
51 X X U U U U U X X U U U U U
52 X X X U U U U X X X U U U U
53 X X X X U U U X X X X U U U
54 D D D D D X U D D D D D X U
55 D D X U U U U U U XU U U U U
56 D X U U U U U D X U U U U U
57 D D D D X X U D D D D X X U
58 D D X X U U U D D X X U U U
59 D X U U U U U D X U U U U U
60 D X X X X X U D X X X X X U
61 D D X X X X U D D X X X X U
NR Spectral Efficiency

Peak spectral efficiency:

 DL: 8 layer for FR1; 6 layer for FR2; 256QAM
(NR, LTE) / 1024QAM (LTE), max code rate =
0.9258 (NR) / 0.93 (LTE)
 UL: 4 layer, 256QAM, max code rate = 0.9258
(NR) / 0.93 (LTE)

Contributing Technical Component:

 NR large CC bandwidth introduces reduced
guard band ratio
 NR small overhead for DL:
 For PDCCH, as low as 0.6%@100 MHz for
low load; 8-layer DMRS overhead reduced
to 9.5%; no CRS
 NR small overhead for UL:
 4-layer DMRS overhead reduced to 7%
under UL OFDMA; “Special sub-frame” can
be used to transmit UL data -> Overhead
reduced.
NR Spectral Efficiency
NR FDD DL peak spectral efficiency (bit/s/Hz)

SCS [kHz] 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 90 MHz 100 MHz Req.

15 40.8~42.8 44.5~45.5 45.1~46.5 45.4~47.0 45.5~47.2 45.7~47.4 46.2~48.2 46.2~48.3 - - - - 30

FR1 30 32.1~37.7 39.4~41.1 43.0~44.2 43.7~44.8 44.5~45.9 44.5~46.1 45.4~47.1 45.5~47.4 46.2~48.2 46.4~48.5 48.5~48.7 46.7~48.9 30

60 - 32.4~37.7 38.4~41.1 39.6~41.3 41.8~43.1 43.2~44.3 43.7~44.9 44.5~46.0 45.1~46.8 45.8~47.7 47.6~47.8 46.2~48.2 30

FDD generally assume : 8-layer downlink transmission, with 256QAM modulation, and a maximum coding rate of 0.9258

NR TDD DL peak spectral efficiency for FR1 (bit/s/Hz)

(Frame structure: DDDSU; aDL=0.7643; with OH1 and OH2)

SCS [kHz] 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 50 MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 90 MHz 100 MHz Req.

15 39.6~41.5 43.6~44.5 44.9~45.6 45.6~46.1 46.1~ 46.4 46.3~46.6 47.1~47.3 47.2~47.4 - - - - 30

FR1 30 31.7~35.2 38.4~40.3 42.1~43.3 43.1~44.0 44.4~ 45.1 44.6~45.3 45.9~46.3 46.3~46.6 47.1~47.4 47.5~47.7 47.7~47.9 47.9~48.1 30

60 - 31.8~35.3 37.5~40.1 38.7~40.5 40.9~ 42.3 42.3~43.5 43.3~44.2 44.5~45.3 45.4~46.0 46.4~46.9 46.8~47.2 47.1~47.4 30

TDD generally assume : 8-layer downlink transmission, with 256QAM modulation, and a maximum coding rate of 0.9258. The DL/UL configurations of DDDSU (with ‘S’ slot =
11DL:1GP:2UL) and DSUUD (with ‘S’ slot = 6DL:2GP:6UL and 11DL:1GP:2UL respectively)

SCS [kHz] 50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz Req. For NR TDD in FR2, the DL/UL configurations of DDDSU (with ‘S’ slot = 11DL:1GP:2UL) and
FR2 60 33.7 34.5 34.9 - 30 DSUUD (with ‘S’ slot = 6DL:2GP:6UL and 11DL:1GP:2UL respectively), the number of layers is
30 6 with 256QAM modulation and maximum coding rate of 0.9258
120 31.7 34.0 34.7 35.0
NR Peak Data Rate - Downlink
NR DL peak data rate
Duplexing SCS [kHz] Per CC BW (MHz) Peak data rate per CC Aggregated peak data Required DL Req.
(Gbit/s) rate over 16 CCs bandwidth to meet (Gbit/s)
(Gbit/s) the requirement
(MHz)1
15 50 2.31~2.41 37.0~38.6 414~433
FDD FR1 30 100 4.67~4.89 74.7~78.2 409~428
60 100 4.62~4.82 73.9~77.1 415~433
15 50 1.81 29.0 552
FR1 30 100 3.68 58.9 543
TDD
60 100 3.62 57.9 552
(DDDSU)
FR2 60 200 5.33 85.3 750
(Nlayer=6) 120 400 10.7 171.2 748
15 50 1.32 21.1 757
20
TDD FR1 30 100 2.69 43.0 745
(DSUUD, 60 100 2.64 42.3 757
S slot= 11DL:2GP:2UL) FR2 60 200 3.86 61.8 1036
(Nlayer=6) 120 400 7.81 125.0 1024
15 50 1.13 18.1 885
TDD FR1 30 100 2.30 36.8 870
(DSUUD, 60 100 2.26 36.2 885
S slot= 6DL:2GP:6UL) 60 200 4.38 70.1 913
FR2 (Nlayer=8)
120 400 8.76 140.2 913
NOTE 1: The value only indicates the required bandwidth to meet the DL peak data rate. It is not necessarily supported as NR Transmission bandwidth.
NR Peak Data Rate - Uplink

NR UL peak data rate

Duplexing SCS [kHz] Per CC BW (MHz) Peak data rate per Aggregated peak Required UL Req.
CC (Gbit/s) data rate over 16 bandwidth to meet (Gbit/s)
CCs (Gbit/s) the requirement
(MHz)1
15 50 1.12~1.18 17.9~18.9 424~446
FDD FR1 30 100 2.28~2.39 36.5~38.2 418~439
60 100 2.27~2.38 36.3~38.1 420~441
15 50 1.12~1.18 17.9~18.9 424~446
TDD (DDDSU) + SUL FR1 30 100 2.28~2.39 36.5~38.2 418~439
60 100 2.27~2.38 36.3~38.1 420~441
30 100 1.06 17.0 943
TDD FR1 10
60 100 1.05 16.8 952
(DSUUD,
60 200 1.91 30.6 1047
S slot =11DL:2GP:2UL) FR2
120 400 3.85 61.6 1039
30 100 1.05 16.8 952
TDD FR1
60 100 1.04 16.6 962
(DSUUD,
60 200 2.02 32.3 990
S slot =6DL:2GP:6UL) FR2
120 400 4.04 64.6 990
NOTE 1: The value only indicates the required bandwidth to meet the DL peak data rate. It is not necessarily supported as NR Transmission bandwidth.
Average and 5% Percentile user SE

Preliminary NR evaluation results for Dense Urban:

 Larger CC bandwidth brings improved SE (~30%) due to guard band ratio reduction and PDCCH
overhead reduction
 NR Massive MIMO: 64 TXRU brings additional gain over 32 TXRU in TDD.
Latency, Control Plane and User Plane URLLC
Control Plane (20ms requirement) User Plane (1ms requirement)
UE gNB

1. Delay for RACH

Scheduling Period

2. RACH Preamble

3. Processing
delay in gNB

4. RA response

Control plane procedure

5. Processing
delay in UE

6. RRC Resume Request

7. Processing
delay in gNB

8. RRC Resume

9. Processing
delay in UE DL user plane latency UE capability 1 UE capability 2
NR FDD Subcarrier spacing Subcarrier spacing
10. RRC Resume Complete
Allocation Re-Tx 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz
4 symbols p=0 1.37 0.76 0.54 0.34 1.00 0.55 0.36
p=0.1 1.58 0.87 0.64 0.40 1.12 0.65 0.41
Control plane UE capability 1 UE capability 2 Mapping 7 symbols p=0 1.49 0.82 0.57 0.36 1.12 0.61 0.39
latency NR FDD Subcarrier spacing Subcarrier spacing Type A p=0.1 1.70 0.93 0.67 0.42 1.25 0.71 0.44
14 symbols p=0 2.13 1.14 0.72 0.44 1.80 0.94 0.56
Allocation 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120kHz 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz p=0.1 2.43 1.29 0.82 0.51 2.00 1.04 0.63
Mapping 4 symbols 15.6 13.5 12.4 11.7 15.1 13.0 12.1 2 symbols p=0 0.98 0.56 0.44 0.29 0.49 0.29 0.23
Type A 7 symbols 15.8 13.6 12.5 11.7 15.3 13.1 12.2 p=0.1 1.16 0.67 0.52 0.35 0.60 0.35 0.28
2 symbols 13.7 Mapping 4 symbols p=0 1.11 0.63 0.47 0.31 0.66 0.37 0.27
12.3 11.9 11.4 13.4 12.0 11.7
Mapping Type B p=0.1 1.30 0.74 0.56 0.36 0.78 0.45 0.32
4 symbols 14.2 12.5 12.0 11.5 13.9 12.3 11.8 7 symbols p=0 1.30 0.72 0.52 0.33 0.93 0.51 0.34
Type B
7 symbols 15.3 13.0 12.3 11.6 14.8 12.8 12.1 p=0.1 1.49 0.83 0.61 0.39 1.08 0.59 0.40
Global Connection Trend

Source : GSMA intelligent

 5G continues to occupy thought space as the next big thing in mobile. 4G, however, will dominate in volume terms
for at least the next 10 years.