2019\PH201\Project\Phase I Analog and Digital Electronics

Full Marks:10 Due date: 03/10/2019

1. [180121035] Evaluate the Cauchy’s integral formula

cos ⇡z 2
ˆ
g(z) =
C (z 1)(z 2)

where C is the circle with radius |z| = 3.

2. [180121035] Find the bounded steady temperatures in the solid x 0, y 0 when the boundary surfaces
are kept at fixed temperatures except for insulated strips of equal width at the corner, as shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1: Problem 2

3. [180121035] Let nb be the normal to an equipotential surface at a point P. The principal radii of curvature of
the surface at P are R1 and R2 . A formula due to George Green relates normal derivatives (@/@n ⌘ n̂ · r)
of the potential '(r) (which satisfies Laplace’s equation) at the equipotential surface to the mean curvature
of that equipotential surface k = 1(R1 1 + R2 1 ):
!
@2 @
2
+ 2k =0
@n @n

Derive Green’s equation by direct manipulation of Laplace’s equation.

4. [180121001] Let
z B2 z 2 B3 z 3
= 1 + B1 z + + +
ez 1 2! 3!
Show that the numbers Bn , called the Bernoulli numbers, satisfy the recursion formula (B + 1)n = B n
where Bk is formally replaced by Bk after expanding. Determine B1 , ..., B6 .

5. [180121001] Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential in a semi-infinite space that is bounded by
two half planes and a half cylinder, as shown in Fig.2, when V = 1 on the cylindrical surface and V = 0
on the planar surfaces. Draw some of the equipotential curves in the xy plane.

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 Figure 2: Problem 5

6. [180121001] Consider a potential problem in the half-space defined by z 0, with Dirichlet boundary
conditions on the plane z = 0 (and at infinity).

(a) Write down the appropriate Green function G(x, x0 ).

(b) If the potential on the plane z = 0 is specified to be = V inside a circle of radius a centered at
the origin, and = 0 outside that circle, find an integral expression for the potential at the point P
specified in terms of cylindrical coordinates (⇢, , z).
(c) Show that, along the axis of the circle (⇢ = 0), the potential is given by
✓ ◆
z
=V 1 p
a + z2
2

(d) Show that at large distances (⇢2 + z 2 a2 ) the potential can be expanded in a power series in
(⇢ + z ) and that the leading terms are
2 2 1

" #
V a2 z 3a2 5 3⇢2 a2 + a4
= 1 + + ···
2 (⇢2 + z 2 )3/2 4 (⇢2 + z 2 ) 8 (⇢2 + z 2 )2

Verify that the results of parts (c) and (d) are consistent with each other in their common range of
validity.
P1
7. [180121002] If the function f (z) is analytic when |z| < R has Taylor’s expansion n=0 an zn , then show
that, for r < R, ˆ 2⇡ X1
1
|f (rei✓ )|2 d✓ = |an |2 r2
2⇡ 0 n=0
P1
Hence prove that, if |f (z)|  M when |z| < R, then n=0 |an |
2 r 2n  M 2.

8. [180121002] Consider the electrostatic Green functions for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions on
the surface S bounding the volume V . Apply Green’s theorem with integration variable y and = G(x, y),
= G(x0 , y), with r2y G(z, y) = 4⇡ (y z). Find an expression for the difference [G(x, x0 ) G(x0 , x)]
in terms of an integral over the boundary surface S.

(a) For Dirichlet boundary conditions on the potential and the associated bound- boundary condition on
the Green function, show that GD (x, x0 ) must be symmetric in x and x0 .
(b) For Neumann boundary conditions, use the boundary condition for GN (x, x0 ) to show that it is not
symmetric in general, but that GN (x, x0 ) F (x) is symmetric in x and x0 , where
1
˛
F (x) = GN (x, y)day .
S S

(c) Show that the addition of F (x) to the Green function does not affect the po- potential (x).

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 9. [180121002] The portions x < 0(y = 0) and x < 0(y = ⇡) of the edges of an infinite horizontal plate
0  y  ⇡ are thermally insulated, as are the faces of the plate. Also, the conditions T (x, 0) = 1 and
T (x, ⇡) = 0 are maintained when x > 0 (Fig. 3). Find the steady temperatures in the plate.

Figure 3: Problem 9

10. [180121003] Expand

1
f (z) =
(z + 1) (z + 3)
in a Laurent series valid for the regions: (a) |z| < 1, (b) 1 < |z| < 3, (c) |z| > 3, (d) 0 < |z| < 2.

11. [180121003] A two-dimensional potential exists on a unit square area 0  x  1, 0  y  1 bounded by

"surfaces" held at zero potential. Over the entire square there is a uniform charge density of unit strength
(per unit length in z). Using the Green functions, show that the solution can be written as
8 h ⇣ ⌘i 9
1
4 X 1
sin [(2m + 1) ⇡x] < cosh (2m + 1) ⇡ y 2
=
(x, y) = 3 1 .
⇡ ✏0 m=0 (2m + 1)3 : cosh [(2m + 1) ⇡/2] ;

12. [180121003] Solve the boundary value problem for the plate x 0, y 0 in the z plane when the faces are
insulated and the boundary conditions are those indicated in Fig. 4.

Figure 4: Problem 12

13. [180121005] Obtain the expression for

(z 2) (z + 2)
f (z) =
(z + 4) (z + 1)

which are valid when (a) |z| < 1, (b) 1 < |z| < 4, (c) |z| > 4.

14. [180121005] A variant of the two-dimensional problem is a long hollow conducting cylinder of radius b that
is divided into equal quarters, alternate segments being held at potential +V and V .

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 (a) Solve by means of the series solution and show that the potential inside the cylinder is
1 ✓ ◆4n+2
4V X ⇢ sin [(4n + 2) ]
(⇢, ) =
⇡ n=0 b 2n + 1

(b) Sum the series and show that

!
2V 1 2⇢2 b2 sin 2
(⇢, ) = tan
⇡ b4 ⇢4

(c) Sketch the field lines and equipotentials.

15. [180121005] Find the bounded electrostatic potential V (x, y) in the space y > 0 bounded by an infinite
conducting plane y = 0 one strip ( a < x < a, y = 0) of which is insulated from the rest of the plane and
kept at potential V = 1, while V = 0 on the rest (Fig. 5). Verify that the function obtained satisfies the
stated boundary conditions.

Figure 5: Problem 15