RSSB Form
RSSB Form
RSSB Form
KIDNEY PANEL - 1
SERUM BLOOD UREA NITROGEN
BLOOD UREA NITROGEN 7 6 - 20 mg/dL
METHOD : UREASE KINETIC
CREATININE, SERUM
CREATININE 0.61 0.60 - 1.10 mg/dL
METHOD : ALKALINE PICRATE-KINETIC
BUN/CREAT RATIO
BUN/CREAT RATIO 11.48 5.00 - 15.00
METHOD : CALCULATED PARAMETER
ALBUMIN, SERUM
ALBUMIN 3.8 3.4 - 5.0 g/dL
METHOD : BROMOCRESOL PURPLE
GLOBULIN
GLOBULIN 4.9 High 2.0 - 4.1 g/dL
ELECTROLYTES (NA/K/CL), SERUM
SODIUM 135 Low 136 - 145 mmol/L
METHOD : IMT - INDIRECT
URINALYSIS
COLOR PALE YELLOW
METHOD : VISUAL EXAMINATION
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DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
Interpretation(s)
SERUM BLOOD UREA NITROGEN-Causes of Increased levels
Pre renal
• High protein diet, Increased protein catabolism, GI haemorrhage, Cortisol, Dehydration, CHF Renal
• Renal Failure
Post Renal
• Malignancy, Nephrolithiasis, Prostatism
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DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
Higher-than-normal levels may be due to: Chronic inflammation or infection, including HIV and hepatitis B or C, Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom''''''''s disease
Lower-than-normal levels may be due to: Agammaglobulinemia, Bleeding (hemorrhage),Burns,Glomerulonephritis, Liver disease, Malabsorption, Malnutrition, Nephrotic
syndrome,Protein-losing enteropathy etc.
ALBUMIN, SERUM-Human serum albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood plasma. It is produced in the liver. Albumin constitutes about half of the blood serum
protein. Low blood albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) can be caused by: Liver disease like cirrhosis of the liver, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathy, Burns,
hemodilution, increased vascular permeability or decreased lymphatic clearance,malnutrition and wasting etc.
ELECTROLYTES (NA/K/CL), SERUM-ELECTROLYTES (NA/K/CL), SERUM
Sodium levels are Increased in dehydration, cushing''''''''s syndrome, aldosteronism & decreased in Addison''''''''s disease, hypopituitarism,liver disease. Hypokalemia (low K)
is common in vomiting, diarrhea, alcoholism, folic acid deficiency and primary aldosteronism. Hyperkalemia may be seen in end-stage renal failure, hemolysis, trauma,
Addison''''''''s disease, metabolic acidosis, acute starvation, dehydration, and with rapid K infusion.Chloride is increased in dehydration, renal tubular acidosis (hyperchloremia
metabolic acidosis), acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis associated with prolonged diarrhea and loss of sodium bicarbonate, diabetes insipidus, adrenocortical hyperfuction,
salicylate intoxication and with excessive infusion of isotonic saline or extremely high dietary intake of salt.Chloride is decreased in overhydration, chronic respiratory acidosis,
salt-losing nephritis, metabolic alkalosis, congestive heart failure, Addisonian crisis, certain types of metabolic acidosis, persistent gastric secretion and prolonged vomiting,
URINALYSIS-Routine urine analysis assists in screening and diagnosis of various metabolic, urological, kidney and liver disorders
Protein: Elevated proteins can be an early sign of kidney disease. Urinary protein excretion can also be temporarily elevated by strenuous exercise, orthostatic proteinuria,
dehydration, urinary tract infections and acute illness with fever
Glucose: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to presence of glucose in urine. Other causes include pregnancy, hormonal disturbances, liver disease and certain
medications.
Ketones: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to presence of ketones in urine. Ketones can also be seen in starvation, frequent vomiting, pregnancy and strenuous
exercise.
Blood: Occult blood can occur in urine as intact erythrocytes or haemoglobin, which can occur in various urological, nephrological and bleeding disorders.
Leukocytes: An increase in leukocytes is an indication of inflammation in urinary tract or kidneys. Most common cause is bacterial urinary tract infection.
Nitrite: Many bacteria give positive results when their number is high. Nitrite concentration during infection increases with length of time the urine specimen is retained in
bladder prior to collection.
pH: The kidneys play an important role in maintaining acid base balance of the body. Conditions of the body producing acidosis/ alkalosis or ingestion of certain type of food
can affect the pH of urine.
Specific gravity: Specific gravity gives an indication of how concentrated the urine is. Increased specific gravity is seen in conditions like dehydration, glycosuria and
proteinuria while decreased specific gravity is seen in excessive fluid intake, renal failure and diabetes insipidus.
Bilirubin: In certain liver diseases such as biliary obstruction or hepatitis, bilirubin gets excreted in urine.
Urobilinogen: Positive results are seen in liver diseases like hepatitis and cirrhosis and in cases of hemolytic anemia
BIO CHEMISTRY
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DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
METHOD : HEXOKINASE
Interpretation(s)
GLUCOSE, FASTING, PLASMA-ADA 2012 guidelines for adults as follows:
Pre-diabetics: 100 - 125 mg/dL
Diabetic: > or = 126 mg/dL
Glycation is nonenzymatic addition of sugar residue to amino groups of proteins. HbA1C is formed by the condensation of glucose with n-terminal valine
residue of each beta chain of hb a to form an unstable schif base. It is the major fraction, constituting approximately 80% of HbA1.
Formation of glycated hemoglobin (GHb) is essentially irreversible and the concentration in the blood depends on both the lifespan of the red blood cells (RBC)
(120 days) and the blood glucose concentration. The GHB concentration represents the integrated values for glucose aver the period of 6 to 8 weeks. GHb
values are free of day to day glucose fluctuations and are unaffected by recent exercise or food ingestion. Concentration of plasma glucose concentration in
GHb depends on the time interval, with more recent values providing a larger contribution than earlier values.
The interpretation of GHb depends on RBC having a normal life span. Patients with hemolytic disease or other conditions with shortened RBC survival exhibit a
substantial reduction of GHb. High GHb have been reported in iron deficiency anemia .
GHb has been firmly established as an index of long term blood glucose concentrations and as a measure of the risk for the development of complications in
patients with diabetes mellitus. The absolute risk of retinopathy and nephropathy are directly proportional to the mean of HbA1C.
GLUCOSE, POST-PRANDIAL, PLASMA-ADA Guidelines for 2hr post prandial glucose levels is only after ingestion of 75grams of glucose in 300 ml water,over a period of 5
minutes.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Comments
Interpretation(s)
THYROID PANEL, SERUM-Triiodothyronine T3 , is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth, development, metabolism,
body temperature, and heart rate. Production of T3 and its prohormone thyroxine (T4) is activated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the pituitary
gland. Elevated concentrations of T3, and T4 in the blood inhibit the production of TSH.
Thyroxine T4, Thyroxine’s principal function is to stimulate the metabolism of all cells and tissues in the body. Excessive secretion of thyroxine in the body is hyperthyroidism,
and deficient secretion is called hypothyroidism. Most of the thyroid hormone in blood is bound to transport proteins. Only a very small fraction of the circulating hormone is
free and biologically active.
In primary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are significantly elevated, while in secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are low.
Below mentioned are the guidelines for Pregnancy related reference ranges for Total T4, TSH & Total T3
Levels in TOTAL T4 TSH3G TOTAL T3
Pregnancy (µg/dL) (µIU/mL) (ng/dL)
First Trimester 6.6 - 12.4 0.1 - 2.5 81 - 190
2nd Trimester 6.6 - 15.5 0.2 - 3.0 100 - 260
3rd Trimester 6.6 - 15.5 0.3 - 3.0 100 - 260
Below mentioned are the guidelines for age related reference ranges for T3, T4 and TSH.
T3 T4 TSH3G
(ng/dL) (µg/dL) (µIU/mL)
Cord Blood: 30 - 70 1-3 day: 8.2 - 19.9 < 2 years – Not Established
New Born: 75 - 260 1 Week: 6.0 - 15.9
1-5 Years: 100 - 260 1-12 Months: 6.1 - 14.9
5 - 10 Years: 90 - 240 1 - 3 Years: 6.8 - 13.5
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DIAGNOSTIC REPORT
1. It is presumed that the test sample belongs to the 5. The results of a laboratory test are dependent on
patient named or identified in the test requisition form. the quality of the sample as well as the assay
2. All Tests are performed and reported as per the technology.
turnaround time stated in the SRL Directory of services 6. Result delays could be because of uncontrolled
(DOS). circumstances. e.g. assay run failure.
3. SRL confirms that all tests have been performed or 7. Tests parameters marked by asterisks are excluded
assayed with highest quality standards, clinical safety & from the “scope" of NABL accredited tests. (If
technical integrity. laboratory is accredited).
4. A requested test might not be performed if: 8. Laboratory results should be correlated with clinical
a. Specimen received is insufficient or inappropriate information to determine Final diagnosis.
specimen quality is unsatisfactory 9. Test results are not valid for Medico- legal purposes.
b. Incorrect specimen type 10. In case of queries or unexpected test results please
c. Request for testing is withdrawn by the ordering call at SRL customer care (Toll free: 1800-222-000).
doctor or patient Post proper investigation repeat analysis may be carried
d. There is a discrepancy between the label on the out.
specimen container and the name on the test
requisition form
SRL Limited
Fortis Hospital, Sector 62, Phase VIII,
Mohali 160062
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