Tree of Life and Systematics

Tree of Life and Systematics
Tree of Life: The Three Domain System:
Archaea Domain: (E.x. Methanogens: methane-makers”, Halophiles: “salt

lovers”, Thermophiles: “heat / cold lovers”)
Bacteria Domain:
1. Proteobacteria - Enteric bacteria like E. coli, Salmonella typhus,
Legionella, Heliobacter pylorii (cause of many ulcers), Neisseria gonorrhea
(cause of gonorrhea).
2. Cyanobacteria - Photosynthetic ‘blue-green’ bacteria that produce O2
3. Eubacteria - Clostridium (tetanus, botulism), Bacillus, mycoplasma
(walking pneumonia).
4. Chlamydias – Parasites such as Giardia, Chlamydia (STD)
5. Spirochaetes - Spiral bacteria that cause syphilis & Lyme disease.
Eukarya Domain: (E.g. algae, amoeba, fungi, molds, yeast, ferns, mosses,
flowering plants, sponges, insects, and mammals.)
Linnaean System of Classification:
- Uses Binomial nomenclature (Genus species) but in plants, the
kingdom divides into division instead of phyla. In bacteria, species
categorize further into strains.
- It uses two names derived from different sources – geographical
location of species, a person, or a characteristic it possesses.
- The first letter of the first name is in capital while the rest, including all
the letters of the second name, are in lower case and written in the
italic form (e.x. Mice as Mus muscuus)
- In case a scientific name is handwritten, both names should be
underlined (e.x. onion as Allium cepa)
Basis of Scientific Names:
The construction of scientific names uses both Latin and Greek
names which describe the species characteristics
(e.g. Homo sapiens are Latin words in which the name sapiens specifically
means “wise” and Homo means “human”)
Commemorate a person
(e.g. Draco rizali, a flying lizard, named in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal)
Geographical location
(e.g. Archboldomys luzonensis, an Isarog shrewmouse endemic to Luzon)
Elements of a Scientific Name:

Genus Name – the first name in the scientific name
(e.g. Hemidactylus)
Specific epithet – the second name in the scientific name
(e.g. frenatus)
Basis of Five-Kingdom Classification:
I. Cell type – prokaryotic or eukaryotic
II. Level of organization—unicellular or multicellular, and
III. Modes of Nutrition
a. Photosynthesis
b. Absorption
c. Ingestion
Kingdom Monera:
- Consists of all the prokaryotes, and majority of them are represented
by the smallest organisms on Earth.
- Monerans are unicellular
- Most are heterotrophic but some performs photosynthesis
Kingdom Protista:
• Eukaryotic with solitary or colonial unicellular organization without
any differentiation into tissues and organs.
• Mostly aquatic forms called planktons; the planktons may be
photosynthetic and cell-walled (phytoplanktons) or may be non-
photosynthetic and wall-less (zooplanktons).
• Three main types of protists:
• Algae
• Protozoans
• Fungi like Protists
The term algae refer to a large number of photosynthetic organisms that
are multi- or unicellular eukaryotes and are not classified with plants.
Rhodophyta (Red Algae), Pyrophyta (dinoflagellates) unicellular
organisms that are usually surrounded by thick plates that give them an
armored appearance, Chrysophyta are golden algae, Phaeophyta are the
brown algae, Chlorophyta are green algae
Euglena Amoeba
Paramecium
Kingdom Fungi:
- Multicellular eukaryotic organisms closely related to plants.
- Non-photosynthetic, they obtain nutrients from dead and decaying
organic matter (heterotrophs)
- Mostly decomposers that nourish themselves through absorption
- They are non-motile.
Mushrooms Yeast Bread Mold

Kingdom Plantae:
- Multicellular eukaryotic organisms with cell wall made up of cellulose
- Plants are autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their own food by
photosynthesis; photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls present in
plastids (chloroplasts).
- Ex. Mosses, Ferns and other flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia:
- Includes eukaryotic multicellular consumers

- Animals live mostly by ingesting food and digesting it within
specialized cavities
- They lack cell wall and show movements
- Ex. Dogs, Cats, Humans, etc.,
Dichotomous Key:
- a tool that helps identify unknown organisms to some taxonomic level
(e.g. species, genus, family, etc.)
- "Dichotomous" means, "divided into two parts."
- a dichotomous key always offers two choices for each step, each of
which describe key characteristics of a particular organism or group of
organisms.
- the key is constructed in such a way that a series of choices is made
that leads the user to the correct identity of a sample organism.
Dichotomous Key: Invertebrate Phyla

Tree of Life and Systematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tree of Life and Systematics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tree of Life and Systematics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the three domains of life?

What are the main characteristics of the five kingdom classification system?

Tree of Life and Systematics

Tree of Life: The Three Domain System:

Archaea Domain: (E.x. Methanogens: methane-makers”, Halophiles: “salt

Elements of a Scientific Name:

Mushrooms Yeast Bread Mold

- Includes eukaryotic multicellular consumers

You might also like