Busstat Proj.

Problem 1
In one state, 52% of the voters are Republicans, and 48% are Democrats. In a second
state, 47% of the voters are Republicans, and 53% are Democrats. Suppose a simple
random sample of 100 voters are surveyed from each state.
What is the probability that the survey will show a greater percentage of Republican
voters in the second state than in the first state?
(A) 0.04
(B) 0.05
(C) 0.24
(D) 0.71
(E) 0.76
Solutions:
The correct answer is C. For this analysis, let P1 = the proportion of Republican voters
in the first state, P2 = the proportion of Republican voters in the second state, p1 = the
proportion of Republican voters in the sample from the first state, and p2 = the
proportion of Republican voters in the sample from the second state. The number of
voters sampled from the first state (n1) = 100, and the number of voters sampled from
the second state (n2) = 100.
Problem 2
In a group of 40 people, 10 are healthy and every person the of the remaining 30 has
either high blood pressure, a high level of cholesterol or both. If 15 have high blood
pressure and 25 have high level of cholesterol,
a) how many people have high blood pressure and a high level of cholesterol?
If a person is selected randomly from this group, what is the probability that he/she
b) has high blood pressure (event A)?

c) has high level of cholesterol(event B)?
d) has high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol (event A and B)?
a) Let x be the number of people with both high blood pressure and high level of
cholesterol. Hence (15 - x) will be the number of people with high blood pressure ONLY
and (25 - x) will be the number of people with high level of cholesterol ONLY. We now
express the fact that the total number of people with high blood pressure only, with high
level of cholesterol only and with both is equal to 30.
(15 - x) + (25 - x) + x = 30
solve for x: x = 10
b) 15 have high blood pressure,hence P(A) = 15/40 = 0.375
c) 25 have high level of cholesterol, hence P(B) = 25/40 = 0.625
d) 10 have both,hence P(A and B) = 10/40 = 0.25
e) 30 have either, hence P(A or B) = 30/40 = 0.75
e) P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = 0.375 + 0.625 - 0.25 = 0.75 = P(A or B)
Problem 3
A committee of 5 people is to be formed randomly from a group of 10 women and 6

men. Find the probability that the committee has
a) 3 women and 2 men.
a) 4 women and 1 men.
b) 5 women.
c) at least 3 women.
a) In what follows nCr = n! / [ (n - r)!r! ] and is the number of combinations of n objects

taken r at the time and P(A) is the probability that even A happens.
There are 16C5 ways to select 5 people (committee members) out of a total of 16
people (men and women)
There are 10C3 ways to select 3 women out of 10.

There are 6C2 ways to select 2 men out of 6.
There are 10C3*6C2 ways to select 3 women out of 10 AND 2 men out of 6.
P(3 women AND 2 men) = 10C3*6C2 / 16C5 = 0.412087
b) similarly: P(4 women AND 1 men) = 10C4*6C1 / 16C5 = 0.288461
c) similarly: P(5 women ) = 10C5*6C0 / 16C5 = 0.0576923 (in 6C0 the 0 is for no men)
Problem 4
In a school, 60% of pupils have access to the internet at home. A group of 8 students is
chosen at random. Find the probability that
a) exactly 5 have access to the internet.
b) at least 6 students have access to the internet.
a) If a pupil is selected at random and asked if he/she has an internet connection at

home, the answer would be yes or no and therefore it is a binomial experiment. The
probability of the student answering yes is 60% = 0.6. Let X be the number of students
answering yes when 8 students are selected at random and asked the same question.
The probability that X = 5 is given by the binomial probability formula as follows:
P(X = 5) = 8C5 (0.6)5 (1-0.6)3 = 0.278691
b) P(X ≥ 6) = P(X = 6 or X = 7 or X = 8)
Since all the events X = 6, X = 7 and X = 8 are mutually exclusive, then
P(X ≥ 6) = P(X = 6) + P(x = 7) + P(X = 8)
= 8C6 (0.6)6 (1-0.6)2 + 8C7 (0.6)7 (1-0.6)1 + 8C8 (0.6)8 (1-0.6)0
= 0.315394
Problem 5
The grades of a group of 1000 students in an exam are normally distributed with a
mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10. A student from this group is selected
randomly.
a) Find the probability that his/her grade is greater than 80.
b) Find the probability that his/her grade is less than 50.
Solution
) x = 80 , z = (80 - 70)/10 = 1
Probablity for grade to be greater than 80 = 1 - 0.8413 = 0.1587
b) x = 50 , z = (50 - 70)/10 = -2
Probablity for grade to be less than 50 = 0.0228
Problem 6
Given the data set
4 , 10 , 7 , 7 , 6 , 9 , 3 , 8 , 9
Find
a) the mode,
b) the median,
c) the mean,
d) the sample standard deviation.
Solution:
a.) The given data set has 2 modes: 7 and 9
b.) order data : 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 9 , 10 : median = 7
c.) (mean) : m = (3+4+6+7+7+8+9+9+10) / 9 = 7
d.) x x - m (x - m)2
4 -3 9
10 3 9
7 0 0
7 0 0
6 -1 1
9 2 4
3 -4 16
8 1 1
9 2 4
Problem 7
Find x and y so that the ordered data set has a mean of 42 and a median of 35.
17 , 22 , 26 , 29 , 34 , x , 42 , 67 , 70 , y
Solution
x = 36 , y = 77
Problem 8
Given the data set
62 , 65 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 80 , 82 , 96 , 101,
find
a) the median,
b) the first quartile,
c) the third quartile,

Solution
a.) median = 75
b.) first quartile = 69
c.) third quartile = 81
Problem 9
In a certain country last year a total of 500 million tons of trash was recycled. The chart
below shows the distribution, in millions of tons, for the different types of trashes.
a) How many tons of Iron/Steel was recycled?

b) What percent of the recycled trash was glass?
Solutions:
a) 500 - (170+90+60+50) = 130 tons of steel/iron was recycled.

b) 60/500 = 0.12 = 12% of the total recycled was glass.
Problem 10
The probability distribution of a random variable X is given in the table below
x P(X = x)
0 0.24
1 0.38
2 0.20
3 0.13
4 0.05
Find the mean μ and the standard deviation σ of X.
Solutions:
μ = Σ x P(X = x) = 0×0.24 + 1×0.38 + 2×0.20 + 3×0.13 + 4×0.05 = 1.37
1) using definition
σ = √[ Σ (x - μ)2 P(X = x) ]
= √[ (0-1.37)2×0.24 + (1-1.37)2×0.38 + (2-1.37)2×0.2 + (3-1.37)2×0.13 + (4-1.37)2×0.05 ]
= 1.13 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
2) using computing formula
σ = √[ Σ x2 P(X = x) - μ2 ]
= √[ 02×0.24 + 12×0.38 + 22×0.2 + 32×0.13 + 42×0.05 - 1.372]
= 1.13 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
PROJECT IN BUSINESS
STATISTICS
Submitted By:
Geraldine Grace Pregua

Leslie Ann Jaraya
Jellie May Velano
BSACT 2 A
Submitted To:
Ms. Ma. Elena Casaig

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Problem 1

b) has high blood pressure (event A)?

b) 15 have high blood pressure,hence P(A) = 15/40 = 0.375

c) 25 have high level of cholesterol, hence P(B) = 25/40 = 0.625

d) 10 have both,hence P(A and B) = 10/40 = 0.25

e) 30 have either, hence P(A or B) = 30/40 = 0.75

e) P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) = 0.375 + 0.625 - 0.25 = 0.75 = P(A or B)

A committee of 5 people is to be formed randomly from a group of 10 women and 6

a) 3 women and 2 men.

a) 4 women and 1 men.

a) In what follows nCr = n! / [ (n - r)!r! ] and is the number of combinations of n objects

There are 10C3 ways to select 3 women out of 10.

P(3 women AND 2 men) = 10C3*6C2 / 16C5 = 0.412087

b) similarly: P(4 women AND 1 men) = 10C4*6C1 / 16C5 = 0.288461

a) exactly 5 have access to the internet.

b) at least 6 students have access to the internet.

a) If a pupil is selected at random and asked if he/she has an internet connection at

P(X = 5) = 8C5 (0.6)5 (1-0.6)3 = 0.278691

Since all the events X = 6, X = 7 and X = 8 are mutually exclusive, then

P(X ≥ 6) = P(X = 6) + P(x = 7) + P(X = 8)

= 8C6 (0.6)6 (1-0.6)2 + 8C7 (0.6)7 (1-0.6)1 + 8C8 (0.6)8 (1-0.6)0

b) Find the probability that his/her grade is less than 50.

Probablity for grade to be greater than 80 = 1 - 0.8413 = 0.1587

Probablity for grade to be less than 50 = 0.0228

Given the data set

d) the sample standard deviation.

a.) The given data set has 2 modes: 7 and 9

b.) order data : 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 9 , 10 : median = 7

c.) (mean) : m = (3+4+6+7+7+8+9+9+10) / 9 = 7

Given the data set

b) the first quartile,

c) the third quartile,

b.) first quartile = 69

c.) third quartile = 81

a) How many tons of Iron/Steel was recycled?

a) 500 - (170+90+60+50) = 130 tons of steel/iron was recycled.

The probability distribution of a random variable X is given in the table below

Find the mean μ and the standard deviation σ of X.

μ = Σ x P(X = x) = 0×0.24 + 1×0.38 + 2×0.20 + 3×0.13 + 4×0.05 = 1.37

Geraldine Grace Pregua

Ms. Ma. Elena Casaig

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