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Topic: Course Name: Embedded System Design With ARM

This document provides an overview of the course "Embedded System Design with ARM". It will be taught by Prof. Indranil Sen Gupta in the Computer Science and Engineering department. The first lecture will introduce embedded systems by discussing their applications and typical subsystems. Embedded systems are computer systems that are part of other devices to control them. They are found in appliances, vehicles, electronics, and more. The lecture will cover the characteristics of embedded systems and examples of their applications. It will also discuss common subsystems like analog-to-digital converters, timers, and memory.

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61 views12 pages

Topic: Course Name: Embedded System Design With ARM

This document provides an overview of the course "Embedded System Design with ARM". It will be taught by Prof. Indranil Sen Gupta in the Computer Science and Engineering department. The first lecture will introduce embedded systems by discussing their applications and typical subsystems. Embedded systems are computer systems that are part of other devices to control them. They are found in appliances, vehicles, electronics, and more. The lecture will cover the characteristics of embedded systems and examples of their applications. It will also discuss common subsystems like analog-to-digital converters, timers, and memory.

Uploaded by

Arun Av
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Name: Embedded System Design with ARM

Faculty Name: Prof. Indranil Sen Gupta


Department : Computer Science and Engineering

Topic
Lecture 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems
 Introduction to embedded systems

 Applications of embedded systems

 Typical subsystems in an embedded system


Introduction
• We have been brought up in the age of computing.
• Computers are everywhere (some we see, some we do not see).

• Types of computers we are familiar with:


• Desktops and Laptops
• Servers
• Mobile phones

• But there’s another type of computing system that is often hidden.


• Far more common and pervasive...
• Hidden in the environment. Embedded Systems

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What are Embedded Systems?
• Computers are embedded within other systems:
• What is “other systems”? – Hard to define.
• Any computing system other than desktop / laptop server.
• Typical examples:
• Washing machine, refrigerator, camera, vehicles, airplane,
missile, printer.
• Processors are often very simple and inexpensive
(depending on application of course).
• Billions of embedded system units produced yearly,
versus millions of desktop units.

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Common Features of Embedded Systems
• They are special-purpose or single-functioned.
• Executes a single program, possibly with inputs from the environment.
• Imagine a microwave oven, a washing machine, an AC machine, etc.
• Tight constraints on cost, energy, form factor, etc.
• Low cost, low power, small size, relatively fast.
• They must react to events in real-time.
• Responds to inputs from the system’s environment.
• Must compute certain results in real-time without delay.
• The delay that can be tolerated depends on the application.

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Typical Design Constraints
• Low Cost
• A sophisticated processor can increase the cost of the embedded system.
• Low Energy Consumption
• Many embedded systems operate on battery.
• Limited Memory
• Typically constrained to a finite and small amount of memory.
• Real-Time Response
• Most embedded systems are used for controlling some equipment.
• Must generate response within a specified time.

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How to define an Embedded System?
• It is a microcontroller-based system that is
designed to control a function or range of
functions, and is not meant to be programmed by
the end user.
• The user may make choices concerning the
functionality but cannot change them.
• The user cannot make modifications to the software.
• Can you “program” your washing machine or
refrigerator or car?
• Not today … but not very sure of the near future.

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• What embedded system is not …
• A microprocessor sitting inside a traditional computing system (like desktop, laptop, server,
etc.).

• It is actually:
• A microprocessor used to control another piece of technology (dedicated, and not general-
purpose).
• For low cost, microcontrollers that are typically used are single-chip devices containing
processor, memory, and I/O interfaces.

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Applications of Embedded Systems

• Limited by imagination.
a) Consumer Segment: Refrigerator, washing machine, A/C machine, camera, microwave oven,
TV, security system, etc.
b) Office Automation: Printers, Fax machines, photocopying machines, scanners, biometric
scanner, surveillance camera, etc.
c) Automobiles: Air bags, anti-lock braking system (ABS), engine control, door lock, GPS
system, vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), etc.
d) Communication: Mobile phones, network switches, WiFi hotspots, telephones,
MODEM, etc.
e) Miscellaneous: Automatic door locks, automatic baggage screening,
surveillance systems, intelligent toilet, etc.

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Notable subsystems:
a) Analog-to-digital (ADC) interfaces
b) Digital-to-analog (DAC) interfaces
c) Pulse-width-modulation (PWM) interfaces
d) Timers and counters
e) In addition to … processor, memory, digital
I/O ports, etc.

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