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    Bab 8 Costing by Product and Joint Product

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    Antonius Sugi Suhartono
    1. The document discusses methods for costing by-products and joint products. By-products have lower value than the main product. Joint products are multiple products produced from the same process. 2. There are two methods for costing by-products: 1) By-products do not receive an allocation of joint costs. Their value is equal to gross or net revenue. 2) By-products receive an allocation of joint costs based on replacement cost or market value at the split-off point. 3. There are several methods to allocate joint production costs to joint products, including market value, average unit cost, weighted average, and quantitative unit methods. An example allocation using the market value method is provided

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    Bab 8 Costing by Product and Joint Product

    Uploaded by

    Antonius Sugi Suhartono
    566 views5 pages
    1. The document discusses methods for costing by-products and joint products. By-products have lower value than the main product. Joint products are multiple products produced from the same process. 2. There are two methods for costing by-products: 1) By-products do not receive an allocation of joint costs. Their value is equal to gross or net revenue. 2) By-products receive an allocation of joint costs based on replacement cost or market value at the split-off point. 3. There are several methods to allocate joint production costs to joint products, including market value, average unit cost, weighted average, and quantitative unit methods. An example allocation using the market value method is provided

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    Cost Accounting

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    1. The document discusses methods for costing by-products and joint products. By-products have lower value than the main product. Joint products are multiple products produced from the same process. 2. There are two methods for costing by-products: 1) By-products do not receive an allocation of joint costs. Their value is equal to gross or net revenue. 2) By-products receive an allocation of joint costs based on replacement cost or market value at the split-off point. 3. There are several methods to allocate joint production costs to joint products, including market value, average unit cost, weighted average, and quantitative unit methods. An example allocation using the market value method is provided

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    566 views5 pages

    Bab 8 Costing by Product and Joint Product

    Uploaded by

    Antonius Sugi Suhartono
    1. The document discusses methods for costing by-products and joint products. By-products have lower value than the main product. Joint products are multiple products produced from the same process. 2. There are two methods for costing by-products: 1) By-products do not receive an allocation of joint costs. Their value is equal to gross or net revenue. 2) By-products receive an allocation of joint costs based on replacement cost or market value at the split-off point. 3. There are several methods to allocate joint production costs to joint products, including market value, average unit cost, weighted average, and quantitative unit methods. An example allocation using the market value method is provided

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    CHAPTER 8

    COSTING BY-PRODUCTS AND JOINT PRODUCTS

    By-product (produk sampingan) adalah produk yang nilainya kecil dibandingkan dengan main
    product (produk utama).
    Joint products adalah produk-produk yang dihasilkan dari satu proses.
    Split-off point adalah titik pemisahan joint-produk.

    Methods of Costing By-Products


    A. By-product tidak mendapat alokasi joint cost
    1. Nilai by-product sebesar gross revenue, disajikan sebagai berikut:
    a. Other income
    b. Menambah sales revenue
    c. Mengurangi COGS main product
    d. Mengurangi total production cost main product
    2. Nilai by-product sebesar net revenue (gross revenue – cost after split-off),
    disajikan idem 1.
    B. By-product mendapat alokasi joint cost
    1. Replacement cost method; by-product mendapat alokasi joint cost sebesar harga
    beli-nya.
    2. Market value (reversal method); disajikan idem 1.
    Estimasi nilai by-product pada titik split-off =
    Harga jual – (operating profit + marketing dan administrative Expenses +
    estimasi production cost after split-off)
    Nilai by-product = estimasi pada titik split-off + actual production cost after split-
    off

    Methods of Allocating Joint Production Cost to Joint Products

    1. Market value method


    Joint Product Salable at Split-Off
    Unit Market value per Total Market Alokasi
    Produk diproduksi unit at split-off Value Joint Cost
    A 20.000 0,25 5.000 *3.750
    B 15.000 3,00 45.000 33.750
    C 10.000 3,50 35.000 26.250
    D 15.000 5,00 75.000 56.250
    Total 160.000 120.000

    • (5.000 / 160.000)x $120.000 (joint cost)


    Joint Product Not Salable at Split-Off

    Ultimate
    Market Units Ultimate Processing Hypothetical Alokasi
    Produk Value per diproduksi Market Cost after Market Joint Cost
    unit Value Split-Off Value
    A 0,50 20.000 10.000 2.000 8.000 *4.800
    B 5,00 15.000 75.000 10.000 65.000 39.000
    C 4,50 10.000 45.000 10.000 35.000 21.000
    D 8,00 15.000 120.000 28.000 92.000 55.200
    Total 250.000 50.000 200.000 120.000

    * (8.000 / 200.000) x $120.000 (joint cost)

    2. Average unit cost method

    Produk Unit diproduksi Alokasi Joint Cost


    A 20.000 *40.000
    B 15.000 30.000
    C 10.000 20.000
    D 15.000 30.000
    Total 60.000 120.000

    * (20.000 / 60.000) x $120.000 (joint cost)

    3. Weighted average method

    Produk Unit diproduksi Point Weighted units Alokasi


    A 20.000 3 60.000 *12.000
    B 15.000 12 180.000 36.000
    C 10.000 13,5 135.000 27.000
    D 15.000 15 225.000 45.000
    Total 600.000 120.000

    * (60.000 / 600.000) x $120.000 (joint cost)


    Poin bisa berdasarkan ukuran, waktu produksi, banyaknya material, dll.
    4. Quantitative unit method
    Alokasi joint cost berdasarkan unit pengukuran (gallon, kg, liter, dll)

    Alokasi Joint
    Produk Berat (lbs) Alokasi air Revisi Berat Cost
    Coke 1.320,0 *69,5 1.389,5 **27,8
    Coal tar 120,0 6,3 126,3 2,5
    Benzol 21,9 1,1 23,0 0,5
    Sulfate 26,0 1,4 27,4 0,5
    Gas 412,1 21,7 433,8 8,7
    Waste (air) 100,0
    Total 2.000,0 100,0 20.000,0 40,0

    • * [ 1.320 / (2.000-100) ] x 100


    • ** (1.389,5 / 2.000) x $40 (joint cost)

    LATIHAN

    S 8-2
    Alexander Company memproduksi tiga produk bersamaan (joint product). Joint cost bulan mei
    $200.000 dengan keterangan sbb:

    Produk C Produk L Produk T


    Diproduksi 15.000 10.000 20.000
    Terjual 13.000 9.000 16.000
    Harga jual $20,00 $15,00 $9,50
    Separable processing cost $75.000 $25.000 $40.000

    Diminta:
    (1) Hitung gross profit untuk tiap produk dan total, menggunakan metode market value.
    (2) Seorang pembeli ingin membeli produk T pada split-off dengan harga $7 per unit. Beri
    pendapat pada manajemen Alexander Company.
    S 8-3
    Alokasi Biaya – Produk Gabungan dan Produk Sampingan. Shafner Corporation
    memproduksi tiga produk yaitu: Alpha, Beta dan Gamma. Alpha dan Gamma adalah joint
    product, Beta adalah by-product (produk sampingan) dari Alpha. Tidak ada joint cost yang
    dialokasikan ke by-product. Proses produksi adalah sbb:
    (a) Di departemen 1, 110.000 pounds material Rho diproses dengan total cost $120.000.
    Setelah diproses, 60% unit ditransfer ke Departemen 2, dan 40% unit (sekarang menjadi
    Gamma) ditransfer ke Departemen 3.
    (b) Di departemen 2, material diproses dengan total cost $38.000. Tujuh puluh % unit
    (sekarang menjadi Alpha) ditransfer ke departemen 4 dan 30% menjadi Beta yang dijual $1,20
    per pound. Marketing expense Beta $8.100.
    (c) Di departemen 4, Alpha diproses dengan total cost $23.660. Setelah selesai diproses Alpha
    siap dijual dengan harga $5 per pound.
    (d) Di departemen 3, Gamma diproses dengan cost $165.000. Terdapat normal loss 10% dari
    output yang baik. Gamma dijual dengan harga $12 per pound.

    Diminta:

    1. Buat skedul yang menunjukkan alokasi biaya gabungan sebesar $ 120.000 ke Alpha dan
    Gamma, menggunakan metode harga pasar pada titik pisah batas memperlakukan nilai realisasi
    bersih dari Beta sebagai tambahan penjualan Alfa

    2. Buat laporan laba kotor untuk Alpha terlepas dari jawaban untuk poin 1, dengan asumsi bahwa :
    a. Total biaya gabungan sebesar $ 102.000 dialokasikan secara secara wajar ke Alpha.
    b. 48.000 pounds Alpha dan 20.000 pounds Beta tersedia untuk dijual.
    c. Selama tahun berjalan, penjualan Alpha adalah sebesar 80% dari jumlah pounds yang
    tersedia untuk dijual. Tidak ada persediaan awal.
    d. Nilai realisasi bersih Beta yang tersedia untuk dijual harus dikurangkan dari Biaya produksi
    Alpha. Persediaan akhir Alpha didasarkan pada biaya produksi bersih.
    Bagan Proses produksi Brooks Corporation

    Departemen 1 Departemen 2 Departemen 4


    material 60% = 66,000 Alpha 70% = 46,200
    pounds pounds
    cost: $ 38,000 cost: $ 23,660

    Beta 30% = 19,800


    M: Rho 110,000 pounds
    pounds harga per
    Cost $ 120,000 unit 1.20
    marketing
    expense 8,100
    Departemen 3
    Gamma: 40% = 44,000
    pounds
    cost: $ 165,000

    Loss 10/110 x 44.000 = 4,000


    Baik 100/110 x 44.000 = 40,000

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